St. Andreas (vineyard)
The St. Andreas Church in Riede , Verden district , is an early Gothic church. The community belongs to the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Hanover .
history
Riede was first mentioned in a document in 1058. Presumably there was a first, possibly wooden church. Connections to the Archdiocese of Bremen are documented around 1200 .
The current, continuously curved, early Gothic hall church brick core dates from the 13th century. From the previous church from around 1150, the sandstone blocks are said to come from, which were later used in the lower area and at the corners of the current church. Around 1280 the brick church was extended to the north by the "olle Bichtkammer" (old sacristy) and around 1320 received a massive, square tower with a high tent roof . The building was expanded in 1521 by the New Church , which was built opposite the "ollen Bichtkammer" (confessional chamber). This gave the church its cross-shaped floor plan. In the 19th century the old sacristy was opened to the interior of the nave and a new sacristy was added in the corner between it and the choir.
Furnishing
altar
The altar comes from the renovation of 1900. It replaced the baroque altar and gave the new one a late Gothic branch cross from around 1400 as an altar top .
There are probably two figures from the baroque altar behind the baptismal font. They are Moses and Aaron from the 1st half of the 17th century. Moses , recognizable by his horns, holds the tablets of the Ten Commandments in his hands and Aaron wears the breastplate of the high priest on which 12 different gemstones symbolize the twelve tribes of Israel . In his left hand he probably originally held an incense holder.
pulpit
The pulpit without a sound cover dates from 1646/47. The Drost Johann von Langen donated it on the occasion of his 25th anniversary of service and the marriage of his son Friedrich to a von Prachow. Both coats of arms are emblazoned on the pulpit between the artistic reliefs of the four evangelists.
The coat of arms of the von Langen family , who once lived on Gut Heiligenbruch , contains sheep shears, which can also be found in the coat of arms of the municipality of Riede.
Baptismal font
The Romanesque font comes from the first half of the 13th century. Before 1700 it was abused as a chicken trough in the pastor's yard by chopping off part of the edge so that the chickens could get to the water more easily. During the restoration in 1958, the shape of the goblet was completed and it was brought into the "olle Bichtkammer", which has served as a baptistery ever since.
Vault painting
The most important decoration of the church are the paintings of the vaults from the end of the 15th century, the representations in the choir come after Fritz Garvens from the time after the plague wave around 1350. During the Reformation they were painted over and only discovered again in 1899/1900, exposed and in 1957/59 during the restoration of the church (again?) heavily painted over.
In the vault of the choir , a tale- rich Last Judgment is represented in a cap-filling tendril . Angels are blowing the Last Judgment. Christ the judge of the world, surrounded by the mandorla , sitting on the rainbow, his feet on the globe, raises his hands in blessing. According to the revelation of John , a sword comes out of his mouth, the symbol of worldly power or justice and judgment. In the representations of the Last Judgment it is only directed to the left, to the damned, while the lily, the symbol of spiritual power, purity and grace from his mouth is directed to the blessed. On the right and on the left, people rise from their graves. Mary kneels to the right of the judge of the world and John the Baptist to the left. Both raised their hands to Christ in intercession.
The heavenly Jerusalem can be seen to the right of Jesus . In both of its gates sit Peter with the key to heaven and Abraham with the souls of his innumerable descendants. Angels lead the blessed to heaven. Two must be carried in by angels. The intercessory Mary hovers above them.
There is a special feature in Riede when it comes to depicting hell. Because here on the left of Jesus the damned are first driven into purgatory , only to be driven individually or in a group with a rope into the wide open mouth of hell. Among them are crowned and mitred heads, young and old, men and women. The woman with the butter churn should not be missing either. She sold herself to the devil during her lifetime, so she represents a witch.
Opposite the Last Judgment with the end of the world, the biblical beginning of the world is shown: A youthful God brings Adam and Eve together. However, the two broke God's command and sinned by eating from the forbidden tree. The Rieder snake does not have a snake, but a woman's head. The wings should indicate that it is the devil. She is holding a second apple in her hand. This either indicates the movement of the apple handover, or she had a second apple ready for Adam. With her index finger she probably appeased Eva's scruples about breaking God's command. "You will be like God," she whispered to her, and the expulsion from paradise followed.
The frescoes above the altar made it clear to the faithful that it is worth living according to God's commandments.
In the second vault you are drawn to the life of Jesus in four scenes: The Annunciation by the angel Gabriel, the birth of Jesus, the adoration by the three kings and the presentation of Jesus in the temple. And what did the angels proclaim to the shepherds in the field? “Today the Savior is born to you in the city of David” ( Lk 2.11 EU ). And in his hymn of praise, the aged Simeon sang: "For my eyes have seen the salvation that you have prepared before all peoples" ( Lk 2.30 EU ).
In the choir , on the north wall, St. Christophorus and the patron of the church, the Apostle Andrew , are depicted. Christophorus was one of the saints that Martin Luther did not abhor. Knowing well that his legend was not historical, he viewed him as a role model for a seeker. Opposite St. Andrew on the south wall you can see the apostle Philip . To the right of the altar, the tabernacle is framed with Gothic decorations. Two angels carry a monstrance above him .
A shortened dance of death can be seen on the vault above the organ . It consists of a noble woman with a dove in his hands and death as reaper with scythe. Interestingly, the death of Rieder does not consist of a skeleton, but of a person whose rotting body the snakes feast on. In ancient times, the dove was a symbol of gentleness, simplicity and innocence. It was believed that it had no gall and was therefore free from all evil. In the Bible, the snake is seen as an adversary of the divine, which destroys a harmonious, paradisiacal state.
organ
In 1900 a gallery was built into the first vault of the church to accommodate the new organ. The current one with 13 registers is a work by the Hanoverian organ builder Emil Hammer from 1981.
Bells
The church has four bells. The farmer's bell is the second largest bell and it was bought by the peasants in 1320. The legend reports that the Archbishop of Bremen was unsuccessful in buying it, despite the very large sums he offered. Finally, the inverted bell with a diameter of 116 centimeters should be filled with the silver pieces from the Bremer Grote as a purchase price; the Rieder did not sell.
| Bell 1 | Bell 2 | Bell 3 | Bell 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| diameter | 126 cm | 116 cm | 91 cm | 82 cm |
| Caster | C. Voigt | - | Rincker | Rincker |
| Casting year | 1705 | ~ 1320 | 1960 | 1960 |
| volume | e'-6 | g'.5 | h'-6 | c '' - 6 |
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dehio: "after the middle of the 13th century", Garvens: "around 1230"
- ↑ Dehio, R.-J. Grote, K. van der Ploeg
- ^ Radio Bremen: The farmer's bell from Riede . Broadcast on January 6, 2015.
literature
- Fritz Garvens , Andreas Lechtape, Stefanie Klebe [Ill.] And Gudrun Müller [Ill.]: St. Andreas Riede. Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg 2012 (Small Art Guide No. 2803), ISBN 978-3-7954-6948-1 .
- Lexicon of Christian Art . Herder 1980
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments - Bremen-Lower Saxony. Berlin 1992, p. 1127
- Rolf-Jürgen Grote, Kees van der Ploeg: Wall painting in Lower Saxony, Bremen and in Groningerland . Catalog volume, Deutscher Kunstverlag 2001, pp. 188/89
Web links
- Riede Church
- Verden district: St. Andreas Church in Riede
- St. Andreas: Riedes pretty house of God on August 22, 2017 on ndr.de
Coordinates: 52 ° 58 ′ 8.9 ″ N , 8 ° 56 ′ 31.1 ″ E