St. Pankratius (Oberpleis)
St. Pankratius is a former provost church built in the 12th century in Oberpleis , a district of Königswinter in North Rhine-Westphalia. The Benedictine provosty was abolished in 1803 , and the Prussian state left the church to the Catholic parish as a parish church.
Building history
The Benedictine abbey on Michaelsberg in Siegburg , founded in 1064, attracted a large number of monks soon after it was founded, so that it began to establish daughter monasteries. The provost's office in Oberpleis was founded as the first dependent monastery community. It has not been clearly proven whether a branch of the Corvey Abbey in Oberpleis, possibly founded in 944, already existed at the time . The construction of the first church began around 1100, based on the model of the church of the mother monastery in Siegburg. From this construction phase, the basic concept of the church as well as the lower construction sections ( crypt and pillar base) are still visible today . The crypt has been preserved almost unchanged in its late Romanesque structure and design. After the construction work on this church was completed, the outbuildings were erected (around 1150), of which the two-storey west wing of the cloister is still preserved today. From around 1157 ( dendrochronological results ) the construction of the monumental west tower began. The top two tower floors differ from the substructure and were probably not completed until the end of the 12th century.
This first church building was probably damaged in the controversy for the throne of 1198–1208, perhaps the roof trusses and the wooden flat ceilings fell victim to a fire - during the restoration in 1975 traces of fire were found on the Three Kings altar. The reconstruction probably took place from 1210 to 1250, whereby the floor plan of the church remained unchanged. The east choir was redesigned, the crossing pillars were re-erected, which suggests a planned crossing tower, which was never implemented beyond the lowest stone layers. However, these indicate a large, octagonal tower, while later pictures only show a small, square tower. In addition, the entire church was provided with a stone vault, which also required a redesign of the windows.
Around 1500 the north aisle and the north choir tower collapsed, so that in 1505 this aisle was renewed in late Gothic forms. The choir tower was not performed again. It is unclear when the second choir tower was lost. It is missing in the pictures of the 19th century. It is also unclear when the small, square crossing tower was erected.
The buildings suffered further damage in the course of the 17th century, so that Propst Bertram von Ans demolished large parts of the old, now unused Propsteigebuilding in 1645 and had a new residential building built with the material obtained. The southern wing of the cloister also fell victim to these measures. At the same time the interior of the church was redesigned in Baroque style and the choir windows were enlarged.
From 1891 to 1897 the first large-scale restoration of the church was carried out by Heinrich Wiethase after his death. The crypt, whose inner entrances were closed in the 18th century and which had been used as a cellar from the outside, was restored. The eastern, still Romanesque window in the side aisle was adjusted to the other Gothic windows and additional windows were broken into the southern side aisle wall. The visually disturbing sacristy was added on the outside, but it supports the statically endangered side of the church. The baroque interior was replaced by a neo-Romanesque one. Parts of the medieval tile floor may have been destroyed by the work in the transept and choir.
A second restoration took place from 1964 to 1978 by Hanns Fritz Hoffmanns. In the process, not only was the color of the medieval original adjusted again and the interior changed according to the requirements of the liturgical reform, but above all the original floor level was restored by lowering it by 80 cm. A colored medieval tiled floor that was around a third of its original color came to light.
The church building is the parish church of the Catholic parish Sankt Pankratius, which has been merged with other parishes since January 1, 2007 to form the parish community "Königswinter - Am Oelberg" in the Archdiocese of Cologne .
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Furnishing
- Three Kings Altar (1164): The most important work of art inside the church is the Marian reredos that are now placed on the high altar . Its origin is unknown. Maybe it belonged to the original altar of the crypt. Since both the crypt of the Michaelsberg mother monastery and that of the Siegburg provost in Remagen are consecrated to the Mother of God, there was most likely an altar of Mary in the Oberpleis crypt. The relief shows Mary enthroned with the baby Jesus on her lap in the middle . From the observer on the left the three kings approach, on the right they correspond to three archangels . The time of origin can probably be thought of the last third of the 12th century, certainly not until after the relics of the Three Kings were transferred to Cologne in 1164, perhaps even after the creation of the Cologne Three Kings Shrine (1181).
- Floor (1210–1230): The tiled floor dates from the time of the second construction phase at the beginning of the 13th century, and was rediscovered during the 1974 restoration. (Today the church is designed with a copy for conservation reasons.) In the entrance area, the floor shows a square with an edge length of around 3.70 m. T. better known, z. The medieval worldview is supposed to represent partly still unexplained symbolism. Unfortunately, the inscriptions are so badly damaged that not all of them can be read. The floor represents a unique testimony in terms of art history and the history of theology.
- In the basement of the tower there is now a Romanesque font from Bonn-Friesdorf.
- In the crypt of one in 1960 Elmar Hillebrand created sarcophagus erected, the 1805 from Heisterbach Abbey transferred to Bonn Castle relics of St.. Felicitas recorded.
organ
The present organ of the Provost Church carries the Opus 1582 of the Johannes Klais Orgelbau company from Bonn . It was built in 1980 and placed on the left in the choir room. The work was constructed with slider chests , mechanical game action and electrical stop action on 18 sounding stops .
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
- Playing aids hand register, 2 free combinations, trigger
Bells
In 1924 the Otto bell foundry in Bremen-Hemelingen cast three bronze bells for St. Pankratrius, two of which are still preserved today, while one was melted down during World War II. Today five bells ring out from the church tower in Oberpleis. Bell 6 is located in the roof turret.
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No. |
Surname |
Diameter (mm) |
Mass (kg) |
Percussive ( HT - 1 / 16 ) |
Casting year |
Bell caster |
| 1 | Christ | 1445 | 1939 | of 1 +6 | 1924 | Bell foundry Otto , Bremen - Hemelingen |
| 2 | Felizitas | 1290 | 1280 | it 1 +5 | 1954 | Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock , Gescher |
| 3 | Heart of jesus | 1080 | 826 | ges 1 +4 | 1924 | Bell foundry Otto , Bremen - Hemelingen |
| 4th | John | 940 | 500 | as 1 +7 | 1962 | Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock , Gescher |
| 5 | Maria | 825 | 350 | b 1 +8 | 1962 | Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock , Gescher |
| 6th | Old Christ bell | 787 | 350 | of 2 +11 | around 1330 | Sifride? |
literature
- Walther Bieroth: The Propstei-Kirche in Oberpleis - a Romanesque monument on the edge of the Seven Mountains . Oberpleis no year (around 1950)
- Andreas Denk , Ingeborg flag : Architectural guide Bonn . Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-496-01150-5 , p. 156. * Robert Flink: The former Benedictine Propstei St. Pankratius in Königswinter-Oberpleis . Cologne 1st edition 1982, 3rd edition 1989 ( as PDF )
- Robert Flink: The Former Benedictine Prophecy Pankratius in Königswinter- Oberpleis. ( Rheinische Kunststätten , edited by the Rheinischer Verein für Denkmalpflege und Landschaftsschutz, issue 80) 2nd, completely revised edition, Cologne 1982, ISBN 3-88094-427-X PDF
- Peter Jurgilewitsch, Wolfgang Pütz-Liebenow: The history of the organ in Bonn and in the Rhein-Sieg district . Bouvier Verlag, Bonn 1990, ISBN 3-416-80606-9 , pp. 362-3365.
- Ansgar S. Klein: Former provost church St. Pankratius Königswinter-Oberpleis . Schnell und Steiner publishing house (Art Guide No. 2679), Regensburg 2008. ISBN 978-3-7954-6421-9
- Willi Müller: In good and bad years. Contributions to the history of the parish of St. Pankratius in Oberpleis. no year digitized
- Angelika Schyma : City of Königswinter. (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , Monuments in the Rhineland , Volume 23, 5.) Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1992, ISBN 3-7927-1200-8 , pp. 246–247.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Robert Flink: The former Benedictine propherty. Pankratius in Königswinter- Oberpleis. 2nd edition, Cologne 1982, PDF ( Memento of the original from March 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 4.
- ↑ In good and bad years. - Your heavenly grace, I obediently hand over the following 10-year report: ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 26, 2014
- ↑ https://www.kirche-am-oelberg.de/index.php?l0=7&l1=1&l2=3&l3=1#nav
- ^ Gerhard Reinhold: Otto bells. Family and company history of the Otto bell foundry dynasty . Self-published, Essen 2019, ISBN 978-3-00-063109-2 , p. 588, especially pages 150, 344, 345, 525 .
- ↑ Gerhard Reinhold: Church bells - Christian world cultural heritage, illustrated using the example of the bell founder Otto, Hemelingen / Bremen . Nijmegen / NL 2019, p. 556, in particular pp. 309, 310, 488 , urn : nbn: nl: ui: 22-2066 / 204770 (dissertation at Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen).
- ^ Gerhard Hoffs: Bells in the dean's office in Königswinter . PDF; Pp. 76-81.
Web links
- History of the provost and church building, parish of St. Pankratius
- Photos of the restoration of the provost church in 1891-94
Coordinates: 50 ° 42 ′ 36.1 ″ N , 7 ° 16 ′ 44 ″ E