St. Remigius (Borken)
| St. Remigius | |
|---|---|
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| Data | |
| place | Bark |
| Construction year | first wooden church before 800, stone church from 1150, expanded several times |
| height | 76 m |
| Coordinates | 51 ° 50 '39.2 " N , 6 ° 51' 35.8" E |
The provost church of St. Remigius is the oldest church in Borken . It is located in the city center and is a Catholic parish church.
history
The founder of the Collegiate Foundation at St. Remigius, Johannes Walling , himself came from Borken. His father Heinemann Peters called Walling had received the Lepping zu Hoxfeld estate from the Count of Kleve as a fief. Heinemann pledged this in turn and used the money to finance his son Johannes Walling's studies in Rome. John received his doctorate there, Doctor decretalium , he was then appointed auditor at the Apostolic Court, later papal chaplain of Eugene IV. It was obvious that this Pope elevated the parish church in Borken to a collegiate church on April 16, 1433 at Walling's request. Dietrich Franzois, cathedral dean of Münster and archdeacon of Borken, issued a certificate on October 27, 1433 in which Walling was appointed the first dean of the new monastery. John Walling donated from his family fortune a stipend . Ten canonicals were finally created through further foundations.
The pen escaped immediate repeal twice. Until the death of the last dean in 1912, the chapter still existed under canon law.
Provostry / cleric
On Easter Sunday, April 1, 1934, Bishop Clemens August Graf von Galen elevated the parish church of St. Remigius to a provost church (ecclesia praeposita, as the main church of a city or region).
The provost is the head of the provost community . Provost is a title within the Christian churches, the Catholic Church, it is the title of pastor of a central Catholic church that the provost was charged. Most of these surveys did not take place until the 20th century.
The provost is head of the external affairs of the provost and head of the chapter , to which several canons belong. The canons of the Propsteigemeinde St. Remigius are today mostly chaplains , i. H. Priests in the first years after their ordination .
Filialkirche is the nearby Johanneskirche .
Building description
Excavations around 1950 revealed evidence of a Carolingian wooden church from the late 8th century. Indications of subsequent buildings were also unearthed. Around 1150 a first Romanesque stone church was built in place of the wooden church, from which the two lower floors of the tower came. This building was initially single-nave , later two aisles were added. Around 1433, when it was elevated to the status of collegiate monastery, the construction of a late Gothic , three-nave, three-bay hall church was started , which was expanded by a fourth bay and a new choir in the neo-Gothic style at the end of the 19th century , with the loss of the historic choir . Today's St. Remigius Church has a one-bay choir with a 5/8 end and side aisles that have just closed. Each ship is covered with its own gable roof. The ribbed vaults rest on round pillars. The tower is flanked by the Marienkapelle (formerly Michaelskapelle) from 1455 in the north and the Kreuzkapelle from 1468 in the south. In the west, a little diagonally in front of the tower and the Kreuzkapelle is the (All Saints') or Mount of Olives chapel with a western stepped gable , which was one until 1945 Mount of Olives group housed. Today this room serves as a sacristy . The Remigius Church was badly destroyed in March 1945 and rebuilt in the early 1950s.
Furnishing
The oldest piece of equipment from St. Remigius is the Bentheim font, now installed in the choir room. The four portrayals are two human and two lion-like figures. Above you can see a palmette tendril , which is a symbol of the tree of life .
The so-called “Borkener fork crucifix” from the first half of the 14th century hangs on the east wall of the south aisle . In 1953 this crucifix could only be restored with great effort. In the head of the corpus a wooden relic was found wrapped in parchment with the inscription "From the wood or beam, nailed by Pilate under the feet of Jesus Christ with nails" .
In the same place, under the forked crucifix, there is a relic of the blessed Cardinal Clemens August Graf von Galen . On September 21, 2008, this relic was installed in the church by Archbishop Joachim Cardinal Meisner of Cologne .
In the Lady Chapel there is a depiction of the Holy Sepulcher from the 15th century. Above the niche with the fully plastic, almost life-size grave Christ is adorned by two keel arches studded with crabs. In the background of the niche in painting the usual figures accompanying an entombment scene. On the base, three guards are shown in relief and reduced in size. The coat of arms in the top center is interpreted as Walling's donor coat of arms. In the same room there is also a colored pieta made of oak, which is also dated to the 15th century. An approx. 500 year old figure of Anna Selbdritt, also made of oak, is on display in the Kreuzkapelle. A statue of the Virgin Mary (15th century) made of Baumberger sandstone is still preserved from the furnishings from before the destruction in 1945 . Also in the Marienkapelle hangs a triptych with the Adoration of the Magi (center), the Adoration of the Shepherds (left) and the circumcision (right). It was painted on wood by an Antwerp master in 1518–1522.
The Gothic tabernacle did not survive the bombing, it is now replaced by a dead lamp that resembles a tabernacle from the organization and structure and appeared suitable for this use. The funeral lamp originally comes from the Marienbrink monastery in Borken or the nearby Holy Spirit Church. The piece from the 15th century has stood in front of the St. Remigius Church for years. Next to the sacrament house is the Remigius figure (around 1740), including the Remigius shrine with the relics of the pastor's patron, designed in 1983 by the Raesfeld artist Hermann Kunkler .
The choir stalls were acquired in 1983 from a closed Dutch Franciscan monastery, they are neo-Gothic and were placed along the choir walls including the choir head.
In the entrance hall of the tower there is a baroque Maria Immaculata (dated 1777) from the Capuchin Church of St. John . A replica now towers over the entrance.
From 1983 onwards, additional pieces of equipment were acquired from elsewhere or newly created in order to remedy the scarce rebuilding situation.
The Remigius chandelier above the main altar (since 1983) with 96 candles and 96 crystal glasses refers to the years of life of St. Remigius.
The old church windows fell victim to the war in 1945. Today's were created in the early 1960s: the so-called Apostle window in the choir, the Remigius window at the south portal, and the Pius window opposite.
The modern sculpture of the "Triumphant Christ" by the Borken-born artist Nina Winkel has been located in the tower hall since 1987 .
The keystone of the Ölberg chapel, which is now used as a sacristy, shows two coats of arms. The initials stand for the Borken parish dean Johannes Boumann (1504–1534). Under the chapel there is a grave vault for the remains of the cemetery surrounding the church, which was dissolved in 1807.
Two tombs are embedded in the southern outer wall, as are the vaulted capstones of the former early Gothic hall church. One of the tombs shows the knight Heinrich III von Gemen (+1424) and his wife Katharina von Bronckhorst. The other is that of "Kerkmester" Albert Ebelen, who died in 1557.
St. Anna
Holy grave
Organs
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The Remigius Church has a three-manual main organ in the organ loft on the west wall of the church, as well as a two-manual choir organ from which the main organ can also be played.
Main organ
After the historic organ was completely destroyed in World War II, St. Remigius received a new organ in 1952, which had been built by Franz Breil (Dorsten). She had grinding shop, an electrically controlled play and key action and was for 42 Register prepare three manuals. However, only 17 registers were implemented (initially). The further construction was postponed again and again in view of the technical and artistic execution of this organ and especially in view of the (post-war) poor quality of the material used. In the 1980s it was decided to buy a new instrument. The organ from 1952 was dismantled and given to a church in South Korea.
The new main organ was built by Siegfried Sauer (Höxter) in 1986–1989 . The instrument has slide chests . The key action is mechanical, the key action electrically. The organ was built with 52 registers, distributed over the back positive in the parapet, the swell mechanism (above the console), the main mechanism above and the side pedal towers. There is a bell chimes in the swell and a Zimbelstern in the main work . A special feature is the Clarinette 8 ′ in the main plant, which is housed in its own swell box. The game table is in the style of game systems of the French organ builder Aristide Cavaillé-Coll in ergonomic shape built.
The instrument was subsequently expanded to include three registers: in 1995 two low voices (Salicional 8 ', flat flute 2') were added to the Rückpositiv, in 2009 a Voix Humaine 8 ′ was built into the swell. The sub-octave couplers were also added later.
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Couple:
- Normal coupling: I / P, II / P, III / P, II / I, III / I, III / II
- Sub-octave coupling: III / I, III / III
- Playing aids : 2 × 64-fold typesetting system , register crescendo as swell step
- Remarks:
- (n) = register added later in 1995
- (N) = register added later in 2002
Choir organ
The choir organ was built in 1983 by Franz Breil (Dorsten). The instrument has 10 stops on two manual works and a pedal. It initially had a simple, two-manual play system. When this console was damaged in a fire, a new, three-manual play system was built so that the new main organ could also be played from the choir organ; the assignment of the manuals corresponds to that of the main organ. The stops of the choir organ can be activated via mechanical pulls that are arranged above the third manual. The choir organ's key actions are also mechanical. To the left of the console of the choir organ is a retractable register panel with push buttons for the registers of the main organ.
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- Coupling: II / I, I / P, II / P.
Bells
The tower houses a five-part bronze bell that was cast after the Second World War.
| No. | Surname | Casting year | Caster | Ø (cm) | Mass (kg) | Nominal | inscription |
| 1 | Remigius | 173 | 3,350 | h 0 | |||
| 2 | Pius | 146 | 1,950 | d 1 | |||
| 3 | Ludgerus | 130 | 1,350 | e 1 | |||
| 4th | Marien | 116 | 980 | f sharp 1 | |||
| 5 | Christophorus | 109 | 810 | g 1 |
literature
- 1225 years of St. Remigius - 1225 steps through history, a guide through the provost church. Publisher: KFD St. Remigius Borken, Provost Josef Leenders; Idea and design: Maria and Edmund Huvers. 2008/2011.
- Wilfried Hansmann: Art-historical hiking guide Westphalia. Unchanged and approved reprint of the Belser Kunstwanderungen (1966); Publisher: Pawlak-Verlagsgesellschaft, Herrsching. ISBN 3-88199-138-7 .
- Ursula Ninfa: From Anholt to Zwillbrock - buildings and works of art in the Westmünsterland district of Borken. Series of publications by the Borken district. Volume XV. Editor: District of Borken. Printing: Druck & Litho Reichenberg, Bocholt 1999, ISBN 3-927851-56-6 .
- Westfälisches Klosterbuch , Volume 1, pp. 119–123.
- Horst Kerst (ed.): 1200 years of St. Remigius in Borken. Borken 1983.
- Ulrich Reinke and Ursula Brebaum: Catholic Propsteikirche St. Remigius Borken ( Westfälische Kunststätten , issue 107). Münster 2008.
- Edmund and Maria Huvers: Remigius 1230 years. Ed. Propsteigemeinde St. Remigius. Barken 2014.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Edmund and Maria Huvers: 1230 years of St. Remigius, published by Propsteigemeinde St. Remigius, Borken 2014
- ↑ Website of the parish of September 21, 2008: Congregation anniversary : Relic inserted ( Memento of September 29, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Video recording of the peal on youtube
Web links
- Propsteigemeinde St. Remigius in Borken (Westphalia)
- 1225 years of St. Remigius. (PDF; 930 kB) 1225 steps through history. A guide through the provost church. kfd St. Remigius, accessed November 18, 2012 .