St. Stephan (Tangermünde)
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St. Stephan is a Protestant church in Tangermünde built in the style of the north German brick Gothic . This building is counted among the outstanding monuments of European rank in this architectural style.
history
A Romanesque brick basilica with a nave and a transept, a choir, a main apse and two side apses stood on the site of today's church . This building existed before 1188. Parts of this building were included in the new St. Stephan building. The transept of this church determined the width of the nave of today's church. There are still two Romanesque windows on the north side of the nave, and parts of the masonry of the previous building can be seen.
Emperor Karl IV. , Who resided in Tangermünde between 1373 and 1378 , is often mentioned as the commissioner for the church building. What is correct is that he founded an Augustinian canon monastery at the castle and gave it the parish church of St. Stephen as a source of income. There the canons performed the choir service and looked after the side altars. Today it is largely ruled out that the emperor commissioned the new building.
In the late Middle Ages, the three-nave Gothic hall church was built in several phases . After 1350 the northern nave wall and the south wall with niches were built. The roof structure was built around 1405 and the ribbed vault was drawn in.
The octagonal profiled pillars are unusual. The south tower has remained unfinished to this day. The construction of the new choir began around 1450. First of all, the new outer walls of the ambulatory and the wings of the transept were built. Only then was the old choir removed. The pillars between the inner choir and the gallery are mighty round pillars with four blinded services that support the strongly profiled vault. The choir roof was covered around 1475.
The church was also damaged in a major fire in 1617. The top of the north tower fell down. It was not until 1714 that the northern tower received its current Baroque style dome. The wooden structure of the tower hood was completely renovated at the end of the 20th century. With a total height of over 87 m, the north tower is the highest church tower in the entire Altmark.
Many parts of the furnishings also fell victim to the fire in 1617 . The nave gallery, pulpit, organ and choir stalls had to be replaced. The damaged altar was not replaced until 1705.
Furnishing
The church's furnishings, which are largely original from the 17th century, are remarkable. Inside the church, the colored room design from the late Gothic period was restored.
The stone pulpit dates from 1619 . It is attributed to the Magdeburg sculptor Christoph Dehne . It shows stylistic features of the late Renaissance and Mannerism . Moses is shown as the pulpit bearer looking at the tablets of the law. There are also sculptural figures of the apostles and reliefs with central themes from the Bible.
A very large baroque high altar retable , unique in these dimensions in the Altmark , was erected in 1705. The three-story wooden structure has doors for the Lord's Supper. The main floor shows Moses and John the Baptist flanking a crucifixion. Peter and Paul accompany Christ, who is shown here as a lion from the tribe of Judah.
In the northern part of the nave there is a wooden gallery. Its parapet has 41 fields of view. These show scenes from Genesis, the reports of the patriarchs and the story of Joseph. The names of the donors and their house brands are listed under these early baroque images.
The chapel in the north wing of the transept is dedicated to the memory of those who died in the World War. Opposite the chapel entrance hangs the painting Christ before the High Council from 1697 on the back wall of the choir stalls .
The bronze baptismal font dates from 1508.
pulpit
High altar
Baptismal font
Scherer organ
The organ created by Hans Scherer the Younger in 1623/1624 is of particular importance .
The structure of the prospectus in Tangermünde resembles a picture of an ideal organ that was already known in 1619 in the history and teaching of instrument making, which Michael Praetorius published under the title De Organographia as the second volume of the Syntagma musicum . There is the ideal image of such an organ as a second illustration (woodcut) in the section Theatrum Instrumentorum seu Sciagraphia , which contains the images of the instruments. The woodcut of the “Rückpositiefflein” of this organ is also shown on the title of Samuel Scheidt's Tabulatura Nova . This important collection of works for piano instruments (organ, harpsichord, clavichord) was published in Hamburg in 1624, the same year the organ in Tangermünde was completed.
Another very similar, contemporaneous example of this Scherer type of prospectus is again the preserved prospectus of the organ that Scherer built in 1624–1625 in the Aegidienkirche in Lübeck . Compared to its counterpart in Tangermünde, however, the Lübeck instrument was decorated with much more elaborate wood carvings and inlays. The carving attached between the main work and the pedal tower, however, does not come from Scherer.
After various repairs by the organ builders Johann Georg Helbig and Elias Wernitz at the beginning of the 18th century, Johann Michael Röder rebuilt the organ in the years 1711–1716. Around 1790 Johann Gottfried Zabel replaced the windchest and action of the main and upper works. More far-reaching was the rebuilding by Friedrich Hermann Lütkemüller in the years 1856–1858, who replaced a number of registers and renewed the keyboards as well as the reverse positive and pedal trays and actions. Further smaller modifications were carried out until 1930, for example in 1939 by P. Furtwängler & Hammer . After the instrument was barely playable, it was repaired in 1983. The gaming table was stabilized in 1988 and the case restored in 1990–1992.
From 1991 to 1994 the organ was extensively restored by the organ building company Alexander Schuke Potsdam Orgelbau . The assumed original sound was reconstructed. This approach to the original condition could be aimed for, among other things, since 50% of the original pipes were still present. The organ in St. Stephan is one of the most important organs from the first half of the 17th century, at the transition from Renaissance to early Baroque. Of all Scherer organs, in addition to the original case, it has the largest preserved collection of pipes. It has been called an "organ monument of European standing".
In 2018/2019 Schuke reconstructed two tongue registers in the Rückpositiv. The Krummhorn 8 ′ and Regal 8 ′ registers were installed above the mixed voices after there were indications of the existence of an upper drawer. The instrument is tuned in the middle and has the following disposition with 34 sounding registers:
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- Coupling : III / II (manual slide coupling)
- Tremulant , 4 check valves , calcant
Bells
When Hermann Große rang the bell in 1869, it consisted of four bells . The small as 1 bell weighing 491 kg was destroyed in the First World War. The bells were rung on their original wooden yokes after their return in 1949. In 1961 they were hung on cranked steel yokes. During a comprehensive renovation in 2010, the bells were rotated 90 ° to their original position. Wooden yokes and new clappers were also installed. The large bell hangs in the central building in a valuable bell cage from 1767. The two smaller instruments are each in a separate cloister, distributed between the north and south towers. Two bell bells in the open tower lantern have been used to strike the clock since 2000.
| No. | Surname | Casting year | Foundry, casting location |
Diameter (mm) |
Weight (kg) |
Nominal (16th note) |
tower |
| 1 | Big bell | 1869 | Hermann Große, Dresden | 1962/1966 | 4027 | as 0 −5 | Mittelbau |
| 2 | 1869 | Hermann Große, Dresden | 1563 | 2023 | c 1 −9 | South tower | |
| 3 | Bridal bell | 1869 | Hermann Große, Dresden | 1299 | 1306 | it 1 −11 | North tower |
Big bell in the central building
Middle bell in the south tower
Small bell in the north tower
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Individual evidence
- ↑ Christoph Lehmann (Ed.): 375 years of the Scherer organ Tangermünde. The largest renaissance organ in the world. 2nd Edition. Freimut & Selbst, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-8442-8336-5 , pp. 124–128, limited preview in the Google book search.
- ↑ See the dispositions on die-orgelseite.de: Tangermünde: St. Stephan , accessed on March 5, 2019.
- ^ History of the Scherer organ in Tangermünde , accessed on March 5, 2019.
- ^ Wolf Bergelt : Organ tours through the Mark Brandenburg. Freimut & Selbst, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-7431-5217-7 , p. 98.
- ↑ a b schererorgel.de: Extension Rückpositiv , accessed on March 5, 2019.
- ↑ Information on the Scherer organ , accessed on March 5, 2019 (PDF; 27 KB).
- ↑ a b Constanze Treuber u. a .: Cast diversity. Bells in Saxony-Anhalt . Hinstorff, Rostock 2007, p. 146.
literature
- Martina Sünder-Gaß: The St. Stephen's Church in Tangermünde. Schnell & Steiner publishing house 2009, ISBN 978-3-7954-2136-6
- Dehio Handbook of German Art Monuments, Saxony-Anhalt I, Magdeburg administrative district. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-422-03069-7 , page 923 ff.
- Peter Findeisen: The Stephanskirche in Tangermünde. Schnell and Steiner, Munich / Zurich 1991 (without ISBN).
- Martina Gaß: A little guide through the Sankt-Stephans-Kirche Tangermünde. Self-published Förderverein St. Stephanskirche Tangermünde eV, undated
Web links
Coordinates: 52 ° 32 ′ 33.3 " N , 11 ° 58 ′ 29" E