St. Ursula (Munich)

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Facade of St. Ursula

The Catholic parish church of St. Ursula is the second parish church in Munich 's Schwabing district , in the Schwabing-Freimann district . At the same time, St. Ursula is the first sacred building in Munich that turned away from medieval architectural models and thereby assumed a bridging function between historicism and Art Nouveau / modernism .

location

St. Ursula (Kaiserplatz 1a) is located in the first Wilhelminian expansion area west of Leopoldstrasse and south of Münchner Freiheit . With its prominent position, the church forms the end of the line of sight from Friedrichstrasse, which leads out of town. That is why it is oriented to the north, and it lacks the easting typical of churches . The tower in the west of the church is in the axis of Barer Straße and optically connects the church with Maxvorstadt .

history

High altar with tabernacle

After Schwabing , elevated to a town in 1887 , grew steadily from the 19th century onwards, the parish church of St. Sylvester (then St. Ursula) soon proved to be too small. Initial expansion plans were discarded in favor of a new building elsewhere, the planning of which was entrusted to August Thiersch .

With St. Ursula, Thiersch wanted to create a new urban development center for Schwabing, but this did not succeed. Therefore he placed the three-aisled basilica in the axis of Friedrichstrasse and designed a square around it. The design envisaged a basilica with a central campanile in the center, which should be flanked on both sides by symmetrical buildings. Of the two buildings originally planned, which were supposed to flank the basilica symmetrically, only the rectory in the east was realized. In order to show the independent connection with Schwabing at the same time, the patronage of St. Ursula elected, which was taken over from the previous village church; Patron saint was St. Nikolaus von Myra , because the new building was also the successor to the Nicolai Chapel , which was profaned in the 19th century and demolished in 1908.

After the property was available in 1888, the foundation stone was laid in 1894 . St. Ursula was consecrated on October 10, 1897, the old village church of St. Ursula, since 1921 St. Sylvester, at that time became a branch church with its own curate .

Thiersch was a proponent of new technologies and used the then new building material concrete for the foundation, the tower stairs and the dome . Because of cracks in the concrete, the dome was renovated in 1933 by adding steel reinforcement and additional layers of concrete; in addition, the domed roof was covered with copper sheet metal. In 1944, the colored glazing of the church was destroyed during the Second World War , but otherwise the church remained intact. In 1956 and again from 1977 to 1980 a renovation took place. From 2009 to 2011 the free-standing campanile was restored. In the course of the Second Vatican Council, a central popular altar was erected under the dome in the free area of ​​the crossing. Together with this installation and the installation of the choir organ in 1984, the only visible structural changes since the existence of the church. Since mistakes were made during the dome restoration in 1933, it was necessary to renovate the dome again in the 2010s. The green patinated copper cover was removed and the dome covered with red bricks. The renovation of the dome took six years and cost 4.1 million euros.

architecture

Sankt Ursula Munich, main nave

The church, the "Dom von Schwabing", is a north-facing basilica with a portico, crossing dome and free-standing bell tower and is visible from afar due to its location in the axis of Friedrichstrasse through the dome and the side campanile. The architecture is based on the Florentine Renaissance . This is particularly evident in the majolica reliefs by Balthasar Schmitt , who was based on the work of the della Robbia family .

The three-aisled 60 m long basilica has a transept , crossing and staggered choir . The naves of the nave with simple arched windows are separated by arched column arcades. The square crossing is surmounted by the 42 m high tambour dome. It has a diameter of 11.20 m and is crowned by a three meter high natural stone lantern with its eight windows. The half-barrel vault in the transept arms, choir side chapels and Vorchorjoch are with stucco ornate, gilded cassette exposed. The order of the columns of the nave is continued by flat pilasters with beams and frieze in the transept and choir. The apse has cross-shaped coffers with figures of angels. The 64 m high campanile is crowned by a Venetian peak.

Important works of art

Organs

Winfried Albiez organ (1984) in the choir room

Epistle side of the choir organ with console

The choir organ of St. Ursula, built in 1984 by Winfried Albiez ( Lindau ), is located on the left and right in the choir room. The parts of the choir stalls originally present there were integrated as substructures for the two housing halves. In the left case the swellable positive and above the Récit expressif (with Montre 8 'in the prospectus) are housed, in the right case (with the free play table in front of it ) the partial works Grand'Organo and pedals . The action actions and couplings are mechanical , the stop action electric . In 2009 the original 6-fold asterisk setter from 1984 was replaced by a setter system with 8 × 1,024 memory locations. After the renovation of the Steinmeyer organ, it is planned to connect the two organs with a new general console. The current disposition of the Albiez organ:

I. Grand'Organo C-g 3
1. Principals 16 ′
2. Principals 8th'
3. Voce umana 8th'
4th Flauto real 8th'
5. Flauto in ottava 4 ′
6th Ottava 4 ′
7th Duodecima 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
8th. Quintadecima 2 ′
9. Decimanona 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
10. Vigesima seconda 1'
11. Cornetto IV 4 ′
12. Due di ripieno XXVI + XXIX 2 ⁄ 3 ′ + 1 ⁄ 2 ′
13. Due di ripieno XXXIII + XXXVI 1 ⁄ 3 ′ + 1 ⁄ 4 ′
14th Tromba 8th'
II. Positive C – g 3
(swellable)
15th Covered 8th'
16. Principal 4 ′
17th Reed flute 4 ′
18th Sesquialter II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ + 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
19th Octave 2 ′
20th Cymbel II-III 1 ⁄ 2 ′
21st Krummhorn 8th'
Tremulant
III. Récit expressif C – g 3
22nd Bourdon 16 ′
23. Bourdon à cheminée 8th'
24. Montre 8th'
25th viola 8th'
26th Voix céleste 8th'
27. Petit Bourdon 4 ′
28. Prestant 4 ′
29 Nazard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
30th Quart de Nazard 2 ′
31. Tierce 3 ⁄ 5 ′
32. Plein Jeu IV-V 2 ′
33. Basson 16 ′
34. Trompette harmonique 8th'
35. Hautbois 8th'
36. Clairon 4 ′
Tremulant
Pedals C – f 1
37. Principals 16 ′
38. Flauto major 16 ′
39. Flauto principale 8th'
40. Flauto 8th'
41. Ottava 4 ′
42. Due di ripieno XII + XV 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ +2 ′
43. Due di ripieno XIX + XXII 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′ +1 ′
44. Bombard 16 ′
45. Tromba basso 8th'
  • Pairing : II-I, III-I, III-II, IP-, II-P, III-P.
  • Playing aids : Swell kicks for positive and swellwork (left swell step SW, right swell step POS), typesetting system (8,192 memory spaces), sequencer forwards and backwards (as buttons and pistons), Piston Tutti. Register pull "Vent" (setting system). “Éclairage” (blower) stop. Register pull "Sésame" (drawer in the right housing).

Georg Friedrich Steinmeyer organ (1952) on the gallery

The first organ of the church, which was located on the gallery, was built by Franz Borgias Maerz in 1897 . It had two manuals and 32 stops.

The successor instrument was built in 1952 by Georg Friedrich Steinmeyer ( Oettingen ) as Opus 1827. It has three manuals and 60 stops. The organ is currently not playable; a restoration (and the connection with the Albiez organ in the choir room via a new general console) is planned.

I. Manual C-c 4
1. Principal 16 ′
2. octave 8th'
3. Gemshorn 8th'
4th Quintad 8th'
5. Roughly covered 8th'
6th octave 4 ′
7th Reed flute 4 ′
8th.' Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
9. octave 2 ′
10. Cornett 8th'
11. mixture 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
12. tuba 8th'
13. Trumpet 4 ′
II. Manual C-c 4
14th Quintad 16 ′
15th Wooden flute 8th'
16. Viol 8th'
17th Metal covered 8th'
18th Fiddling principal 4 ′
19th Pommer 4 ′
20th Night horn 2 ′
21st Gemshorn 2 ′
22nd Pointed fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
23. Sif flute 1'
24. Sharp 1'
25th Terzcymbel 1 ⁄ 3 ′
26th Krummhorn 8th'
Tremulant
III. Manual (swellable) C – c 4
27. Covered 16 ′
28. Principal 8th'
29 Night horn 8th'
30th Salicional 8th'
31. Beat 8th'
32. Darling Covered 4 ′
33. Wide principal 4 ′
34. Transverse flute 4 ′
35. Quintad 4 ′
36. Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
37. Flat flute 2 ′
38. Third flute 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
39. Plein jeu 2 ′
40. Octave cymbals 8th'
41. Bombard 16 ′
42. Field trumpet 8th'
43. oboe 8th'
44. Rohrschalmei 4 ′
Tremulant
Pedal C – g 1
45. Principal bass 16 ′
46. Violon 16 ′
47. Sub-bass 16 ′
48. Soft bass 16 ′
49. Great fifth 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
50. Octave bass 8th'
51. String bass 8th'
52. Night horn 8th'
53. Chorale bass 4 ′
54. flute 4 ′
55. Pipe whistle 2 ′
56. Back set 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
57. Counter trumpet 32 ′
58. trombone 16 ′
59. Bass trumpet 8th'
60. Clarine 4 ′
  • Coupling : II-I, III-I, III-II, IP, II-P III-P, general coupling .
  • Playing aids: crescendo roller , 2 free combinations , pedal combination, tutti, individual storage for the tongue registers.
  • Action: I. and II. Manual: electro-pneumatic (cone door). III. Manual: electro-pneumatic (pocket drawer).

Bells

Since autumn 2010 the parish church of St. Ursula has had a new plenum. The previous ringing consisted of steel bells from 1948, except for the smallest bell, which replaced the war losses. Due to aural deficits and the static load on the slim church tower, they were removed and replaced with more suitable ones. The current plenum consists of a bell from the construction period (h 1 by Kortler 1897) and the four new bells from the Perner foundry in Passau. The tone sequence in the Marian antiphon Salve Regina of the earlier bells has also been restored. It comes from the composer and former director of the Munich Music Academy Josef Gabriel Rheinberger . For an example see web links.

The old Ursula bell from 1948 was placed in front of the church for display purposes.

No. Surname Chime Weight O inscription
1 Ursula bell h 0 2,500 kg 170 cm “Saint Ursula, protege nos! Pax intrantibus gratia orantibus "
2 Marienbell dis 1 1,700 kg 150 cm "Maria, spread your coat!"
3 Nicholas bell f sharp 1 1,000 kg 120 cm "Saint Nicholas, pray for us!"
4th Guardian angel bell g sharp 1 600 kg 100 cm "Angelus Domini nuntiavit Mariae et verbum caro factum est!"
5 Florian Bell h 1 280 kg 85 cm - no text -

Daughter parishes

literature

  • Birgit Stenger: St. Ursula Munich . Catholic parish church. In: Small art guides / Churches and monasteries. Number 140 . 2nd, revised edition. Schnell & Steiner, Munich / Regensburg 1993, ISBN 3-7954-4155-2 .
  • Sibylle Appuhn-Radtke: St. Ursula in Munich-Schwabing . Harmony as a timeless quality. A church building by August Thiersch. Verlag Franz Schiermeier, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-943866-21-6 .

Web links

Commons : St. Ursula (Munich)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Klaus Gallas : Munich. From the Guelph foundation of Henry the Lion to the present: art, culture, history . DuMont, Cologne 1979, ISBN 3-7701-1094-3 (DuMont documents: DuMont art travel guide). , P. 366
  2. ↑ a b Ellen Draxel: Crumbling concrete. www.sueddeutsche.de, November 13, 2017, accessed on November 13, 2017 .
  3. ↑ Red brick hood for Saint Ursula
  4. ↑ Süddeutsche Zeitung: Under the hood. Retrieved October 27, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Anette Krauss: Munich cribs . Ed .: Münchner Krippenfreunde eV Munich, p. 1-35 .
  6. ↑ The crib in St. Ursula. Retrieved January 4, 2017 .
  7. ^ Munich / Schwabing, St. Ursula (Albiez organ) . www.organindex.de. Accessed November 4, 2018.
  8. ↑ Beat on Principale 8 '.
  9. ↑ From c 1 .
  10. ↑ In the prospectus.
  11. ↑ Georg Brenninger: Organs in Old Bavaria . Bruckmann, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-7654-1859-5 . P. 114.

Coordinates: 48 ° 9 ′ 41 ″  N , 11 ° 34 ′ 50 ″  E