St. Vitus (Český Krumlov)

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St. Vitus

The parish church of St. Vitus ( kostel svatého Víta ) in Český Krumlov was built in the 14th century in Gothic style and is the most striking building in town after the Český Krumlov Castle . The church has been a listed building since May 3, 1958 and has been listed as a national cultural monument of the Czech Republic since November 15, 1995 .

location

The church is located on the ridge of the peninsula, which is formed by a loop of the Vltava . Krumlov Castle is 300 meters further north on the other side of the Vltava. Castle and church symbolize the secular and spiritual power in historical Krumau. In the vicinity of the church are the chaplain house, the prelature , the old parish school and the former Hieronymus chapel, in which the German-language services were held from 1379 to 1602.

history

The history of the church is inextricably linked with the rule of Rosenberg and Schwarzenberg . After Henry I of Rosenberg in 1302 its headquarters from Rožmberk to Krumlov castle had moved, his son founded Peter I. von Rosenberg shortly before 1317, the parish Krumlov, which was first mentioned in the 1329th Since the old church, built in 1309, became too small for the growing population of the Rosenberg residence city, Peter I began building a larger church. In 1407 the Krumlov pastor Hostislav z Bílska concluded a detailed, preserved contract with the builder Jan Staněk for the continued construction of the church. The church of St. Giles in Milevsko served as a model for the nave , while the reticulated vault was to be based on the model of St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague . Jan Staněk built the presbytery from 1407-1410. The church building itself was not completed until after the Hussite Wars by the German master builder Linhart von Aldenberg (in Bohemian Linhart z Aldenberku ) and was re-consecrated in 1439.

The choir was built just before 1500 by Hans Getzinger from Haslach an der Mühl . After the takeover of Krumau by the Schwarzenbergs, the church was converted to Baroque style in 1725–1726. The adjoining cemetery was finally removed in 1885.

building

Church vault based on the model in St. Vitus Cathedral and with the inscription of Linhart von Aldenberg in the coat of arms stone

The St. Vitus Church is a three-aisled hall church. The inscription on the coat of arms in the vault of the main nave is reminiscent of the builder Linhart von Aldenberg. Two rectangular sacristies are built onto the pentagonal presbytery on both sides. On the northern side are the vestibule, the Chapel of the Resurrection and the Chapel of St. John Nepomuk.

The octagonal tower, which is provided with Romanesque prism windows on the ground floor, adjoins the western gable end of the church. The last floor of the tower is neo-Gothic and dates from 1893-1894.

Furnishing

Fresco (1781) by Jan Vaclav Tschöpper

The main altar, built between 1673 and 1683 , was designed by Johann Worath and was completed by A. Freitag and M. Hübel after his death. 1725-1726 parts of the church were baroque. The large fresco depicting a scene from the life of St. Vitus was created in 1781 by Jan Vaclav Tschöpper, who in the same year also painted the chapel of St. Wolfgang in the Krumlov Minorite Monastery . The neo-Gothic side altars date from the end of the 19th century.

Curious disputes arose after the death of Wilhelm von Rosenberg in 1592 in the middle of the presbytery in the Rosenberg mausoleum, which hindered the services. The Rosenberger Reiter placed on the main altar was removed as early as 1621; the mausoleum was not finally removed until 1783 in the course of the Josephine reforms .

The Krumlov Madonna , created around 1390 , which came from Krumlov to the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna in 1913 , may not have been in the Church of St. Vitus for centuries, but in the Zlatá Koruna Monastery .

Chapels

The Gothic Chapel of the Resurrection was built in the 15th century. The archdeans of Český Krumlov were buried in it.

The chapel of St. John Nepomuk was donated by the couple Adam Franz zu Schwarzenberg and Eleonore von Schwarzenberg in gratitude for the birth of their son Joseph and built in 1725. The hearts of the founding couple and a few other Schwarzenbergers are buried in a niche in this chapel. In the entrance area of ​​the chapel there are two large grave slabs made of red marble, which come from the former Rosenberg mausoleum in the chancel.

literature

  • Pavel Vlček: Český Krumlov. Historické center. Series České dědictí UNESCO. 2016, pp. 123–128.

Web links

Commons : St. Vitus (Český Krumlov)  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Kostel sv. Víta ÚSKP 190 in the monument catalog pamatkovykatalog.cz (Czech).
  2. ↑ Kaplanka ÚSKP 25510 / 3-1176 in the monument catalog pamatkovykatalog.cz (Czech).
  3. ↑ Prelatura ÚSKP 40286 / 3-1175 in the monument catalog pamatkovykatalog.cz (Czech).
  4. ↑ Měšťanský dům ÚSKP 37777 / 3-976, č. p. 162 in the monument catalog pamatkovykatalog.cz (Czech).
  5. ↑ Měšťanský dům ÚSKP 40286 / 3-1175, č. p. 161 in the monument catalog pamatkovykatalog.cz (Czech).
  6. ^ Rožmberk nad Vltavou Castle . In: Online encyclopedia encyklopedie.ckrumlov.cz about Krummau .
  7. ↑ a b c d e Church of St. Vitus in the town of Český Krumlov . In: Online encyclopedia encyklopedie.ckrumlov.cz about Krummau . With organ rehearsal (MP3).
  8. ↑ Vlček 2016, p. 126.
  9. ↑ Moments, Objects and Stories. No. 26. Beautiful Madonna. In: khm.at. Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, accessed on April 9, 2020 .
  10. ↑ Vlček 2016, p. 128.
  11. ↑ Old tombstones in the town of Český Krumlov . In: Online encyclopedia encyklopedie.ckrumlov.cz about Krummau .

Coordinates: 48 ° 48 ′ 36.5 ″  N , 14 ° 18 ′ 58 ″  E