Stadtpfarrfriedhof Baden
Map with all coordinates: The Stadtpfarrfriedhof Baden is the cemetery of the parish St. Stephan in the Lower Austrian city of Baden . It is also used by the St. Josef parish, which was split off in 1990, and by the Protestant community. The cemetery, built in 1812, now has an area of 62,300 m² and around 10,000 grave sites after several extensions. Around 250 funerals take place every year. Immediately to the south is the Baden Jewish Cemetery .
history
The old cemetery next to the parish church had become too small over the centuries and was increasingly perceived as a nuisance in the middle of the spa town. Initial efforts to relocate the cemetery are documented from 1806, but it was not until August 18, 1812 that the cemetery at the Halser Hütten , around half an hour outside the city, could be consecrated. This part is still called the old cemetery today . In the period that followed, cholera was rampant in Baden, and there was a separate cholera cemetery on the grounds of the parish cemetery. The cemetery soon became too small and had to be expanded in 1865 and 1885 ( middle cemetery ). The cemetery was surrounded by a 1.90 meter high wall until 1887. A third expansion took place in 1932 and was consecrated in 1939 ( new cemetery ), part of which was dedicated as a heroes' cemetery and immediately handed over to its destination with the burial of six injured airmen.
Cemetery chapel
In the middle of the old cemetery is a small chapel built in 1841 ( Lage ). The simple, massive classicist building is crowned with a bell tower.
Turnvater-Jahn monument
On the cemetery wall there is a memorial for the gymnast Jahn , erected in 1862 ( location (± 20 m) ). A marble inscription plaque is emblazoned on a structure made of natural stones:
German. Gymnastics Club Baden N.Ö. 1862.
His deceased in German loyalty. Members.
A bronze medallion shows the portrait of Jahn: "FL Jahn 1852" and is signed with "Vock". In 1924, Baden's gymnastics father Anton Wagensonner was buried here. The grave lid with the Turner Cross is with
Oberturnwart
Ehren-
Gauturnwart
Anton
Wagensonner
1862 - 1924
labeled. On both sides of the memorial plaque there are six stone pillars with the names of the deceased members of the association.
Cemetery cross
The cemetery cross at the Schiestl crypt ( location ) (group 07, row 1) was financed in 1870 by Anton Schiestl , son of a Baden family of dyers and beneficiary of the curate at St. Peter in Vienna. The crucifix was made by the “Fürstlich Salm'schen Blansker Eisenfabrik” (in Blansko ). Two marble tablets are set in the high, Gothic-inspired stone base:
Christ is my life,
death is my gain
and
Anton Schiestl
Curat Beneficiat at St. Peter in Vienna had this image of our crucified Lord and Savior
built for the church in his native Baden
in 1870 .
Numerous priests chose their final resting place around the cemetery cross.
War Memorial First World War
The war memorial for the fallen of the First World War ( Lage ) was erected in 1923 by the sculptor Franz Vock according to plans by Josef Fischer . An avenue of six cut linden trees and four mighty stone benches leads to the actual war memorial. On a low plinth with a square floor plan stands a massive concrete cuboid with the inscription:
1914 - 1918
commemorates the sons of our city
who died as heroes for the fatherland
The other three sides of the cuboid and part of the base bear the names of the fallen. The gilded bronze eagle on the block holds a sword and a palm branch in its claws; on his chest he wears two shields with the coats of arms of the state of Lower Austria and the city of Baden. The avenue is accompanied on both sides by twelve long rows of simple black wrought iron crosses, they bear the names of the soldiers who died from their injuries in Baden hospitals from 1914 to 1919.
Russian cemetery
After the Second World War , the northwestern part of the cemetery ( location ) was ceded to the city of Baden for a Russian military cemetery, and adapted and equipped with an obelisk. The former Heroes 'Cemetery was closed and the soldiers' bodies reburied. The priest's crypt could be preserved. In 1948 the municipality took over the care of the Russian cemetery, at that time it comprised 35 " brother graves " and 151 individual graves, which were arranged around the obelisk that has survived to this day. 454 people were buried here: 34 officers, 306 soldiers and NCOs, 8 civilian Soviet members and 106 unknown members of the Soviet Army. In 1955, after the Soviet occupation forces had withdrawn, a military cemetery was discovered in the garden of the Pension Silvana (Helenenstrasse 88-90), which had served the Russians as a military hospital. The 150 or so people were reburied here by 1957 after lengthy negotiations.
A total of 579 people rest in 230 graves at the Baden Russian Cemetery (42 group graves, 188 individual graves). According to Article 19 of the Austrian State Treaty , Austria is obliged to preserve the graves of Allied soldiers and prisoners of war: The Russian cemetery was renovated in 1984, the old grave borders removed and the inscriptions renewed.
The original facility was planned by the Baden architect Josef Fischer. The obelisk bears the Soviet star with hammer and sickle over crossed lances and guns and the inscription (in translation): Eternal glory to the heroes who fell in the struggle for the freedom and independence of our Soviet homeland. The tombstones are all designed in the same way and have a strictly military orientation. Almost all of those buried here died in April and May 1945. In addition to the soldiers, some of their wives and children are also buried here.
Victims of the last months of the Second World War
In the latest part there is a small garden ( location ) bordered by a living hedge in which the last victims of the Second World War from the period from the end of March to the end of June 1945 were buried in extremely small and modest tombs, after they were first makeshift on site and Buried and only reburied here in the following months. At that time, not counting the losses of the Soviet troops, a total of 494 people died, including 72 bomb victims, 58 suicides, 44 shootings and 22 cases of unknown death.
Memorial to the displaced persons
The monument to the expellees ( Lage ) was erected in 1945 on the northern wall of the cemetery. It is a simple artificial stone cross with the inscription: "The dead in their homeland and the victims of the expulsion in 1945".
Funeral hall
Plans for the construction of a modern consecration hall existed as early as 1939, but it was not until 1962 that the funeral and consecration hall ( location ) , built according to plans by Baden architects Kurt Bartak and Anton Wichtl, could be handed over to its intended purpose. The painter Florian Jakowitsch designed the windows made of thick French glass .
Gravesites
The cemetery houses many graves of art and cultural history, as well as graves of prominent personalities. Many of these interesting graves are located on the cemetery wall. In addition to Baden citizens, guests who died during the cures are also buried in the cemetery. Two grave monuments, those of Friedrich Freiherr von Mylius and Anton Ritter von Strassern, are under monument protection . Of the other gravesites, those of the playwright and composer Richard Genée , the politician Josef Kollmann , the poet and actor Anton von Klesheim , the chamber actress Hilde Wagener and the parents of Kurt Waldheim and the parents of Katharina Schratt should be mentioned.
Grave monument of Friedrich Freiherr von Mylius
The grave monument of Friedrich Freiherr von Mylius (1782-1852) is in group 01, row 1, no. M23 ( location ).
The tomb architecture includes an extraordinary monument from the Cast Iron Age . The inscription base is made of cast iron from Mariazell . From the outside it is kept in the form of the trophy , which is over 2000 years old , but on closer inspection, not only the material has been fundamentally modernized. The classic stake with helmet and armor of the defeated enemy is not flanked by the comparatively harmless standards and weapons of antiquity, but by war flags and cannon barrels, drum and trumpet, cannon balls and hand grenades, and the bundle of rods as a symbol of the high command is even equipped with a pioneer ax . The honored in this way had acquired high medals in Italy during the Napoleonic Wars and the turmoil of the beginning Risorgimento . In 1835 he became the commandant of all the troops with whom he was ordered to take a cure in Baden. On official occasions he had to act repeatedly as the emperor's deputy in Baden; he was therefore made an honorary citizen of the city in 1841.
Anton Ritter von Strassern grave monument
The grave monument of Anton Ritter von Strassern (1814–1869) is in group 18, row 1, no. M01 + 02 ( location ).
The goddess Badenia , the personified city of Baden, with the wall crown worn by all the city goddesses, sits in a pillar aedikula on a sella curulis at the monumental grave site, executed in Renaissance forms . In her right hand she is holding a gold pen with which she has just inscribed in the city of Baden's book of honor:
* 1814 † 1869
Anton Ritter v. Rhinestones
Leaning against the throne is a cartouche with the coat of arms of the city of Baden, with an oak branch at its feet. On the base of the monument it is written in epigrammatic brevity:
The city of Baden to
its benefactor
The coat of arms of the honoree, placed in the gable of the archway , shows three ears of wheat with a bar above.
Anton Ritter von Strassern had been a silent benefactor throughout his life, who granted loans to the needy and never asked for repayment. He left his Baden house at 4 Strasserngasse and a huge fortune (300,000 guilders ) to the city of Baden , the annual interest of which he devoted (after 56 self-formulated proposals for use) to expanding the city's infrastructure. When his Viennese grave threatened to collapse in 1897 due to a lack of heirs, the city of Baden felt obliged to transfer him and his mother, Anna Edle von Strassern, to a grave of honor in the Baden city cemetery. Two days after the exhumation at the Schmelzer Friedhof , the remains were buried on September 13, 1897 in Baden in a newly built crypt. The tomb, erected in 1899, is the work of the Viennese sculptor Josef Beyer (1843–1917). The art historian Werner Kitlitschka interprets the seated figure, which is arranged in a round arch architecture, as a deliberate engagement with the facade allegories of his teacher Carl Kundmann (1838–1919) at the Vienna Art History Museum .
literature
- Rudolf Maurer: “To all of whom God Almighty would like to give a joyous resurrection!” A short guide through the cemetery of the parish of Baden St. Stephan. In: Rollettmuseum (Ed.): Catalog sheets of the Rollettmuseum Baden . tape 73 . Baden 2008, ISBN 978-3-901951-73-2 ( catalog sheet no. 73 [PDF; accessed on May 27, 2015]).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rudolf Maurer: “To whom God Almighty would like to give a joyous rise!” A small guide through the cemetery of the parish of Baden St. Stephan. In: Rollettmuseum (Ed.): Catalog sheets of the Rollettmuseum Baden . tape 73 . Baden 2008, ISBN 978-3-901951-73-2 , pp. 49–52 ( catalog sheet no. 73 [PDF; accessed on May 27, 2015]).
- ↑ War memorial in 2500 Baden b. Vienna cemetery / Lower Austria. Retrieved May 28, 2015 (images).
- ↑ Constantin von Wurzbach : Mylius, Friedrich Freiherr von . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 19th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1868, pp. 493–495 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Rudolf Maurer: “To whom God Almighty would like to give a joyous rise!” A small guide through the cemetery of the parish of Baden St. Stephan. In: Rollettmuseum (Ed.): Catalog sheets of the Rollettmuseum Baden . tape 73 . Baden 2008, ISBN 978-3-901951-73-2 , pp. 27 f . ( Catalog sheet No. 73 [PDF; accessed on May 27, 2015]).
- ^ Julius Böheimer: Streets and alleys in Baden near Vienna . Lexicon of streets, alleys, squares, paths, walkways, bridges. Grasl, Baden 1997, ISBN 3-85098-236-X , p. 112 .
- ↑ Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.): Dehio-Handbuch. The art monuments of Austria . Lower Austria south of the Danube. Part 1, A to L. Berger Verlag, Horn / Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-85028-364-X , p. 234 .
- ↑ Viktor Wallner: Kaiser, Kuren and Kommandos. Baden from 1804–1918 . Ed .: Society of Friends of Baden. Baden 1999, p. 39 .
- ↑ Local messages. (...) exhumation. In: Badener Zeitung , No. 74/1897 (17th year), September 15, 1897, p. 3 middle. (Online at ANNO ). .
- ↑ Rudolf Maurer: “To whom God Almighty would like to give a joyous rise!” A small guide through the cemetery of the parish of Baden St. Stephan. In: Rollettmuseum (Ed.): Catalog sheets of the Rollettmuseum Baden . tape 73 . Baden 2008, ISBN 978-3-901951-73-2 , pp. 53 ( catalog sheet no. 73 [PDF; accessed on May 27, 2015]).
- ↑ Rudolf Maurer: “To whom God Almighty would like to give a joyous rise!” A small guide through the cemetery of the parish of Baden St. Stephan. In: Rollettmuseum (Ed.): Catalog sheets of the Rollettmuseum Baden . tape 73 . Baden 2008, ISBN 978-3-901951-73-2 , pp. 54 ( catalog sheet no. 73 [PDF; accessed on May 27, 2015]).
Remarks
- ↑ The erection of a monumental grave memorial met with reservations in the Baden municipal council. As an alternative project, a monument in the city was proposed, including a monumental fountain on the square in front of the parish church , a project by the Viennese architect Eugen Fassbender (1854–1923), which was opposed to the unresolved water issue. - See: Municipal Committee of the City of Baden (public meeting on June 30, 1898). (...) Erection of a grave monument for the Knights of Strassern (...). In: Badener Zeitung , No. 53/1898 (XVIII year), July 2, 1898, p. 2, bottom center. (Online at ANNO ). .
Coordinates: 47 ° 59 ′ 48 ″ N , 16 ° 14 ′ 17 ″ E