Stadwijk (ship, 1753)

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Stadwijk
VOC convoy in Table Bay 1762 [1]
VOC convoy in Table Bay 1762
Ship data
flag Republic of the Seven United ProvincesRepublic of the Seven United Provinces United Netherlands
Ship type Mirror return ship
Owner Dutch East India Company
Shipyard VOC Amsterdam
Launch 1753
Whereabouts Sunk in 1758 en route to Japan
Ship dimensions and crew
length
150 voet m ( Lüa )
displacement 1150  t
 
crew 347-356
Rigging and rigging
Number of masts 3

Stadwijk was the name of a VOC freighter who madetwo trips to the East Indies from 1754 and was lost in 1758 on a voyage from Batavia to Deshima off Japan.

In the shipyard

The Stadwijk (also: Stadtwijk ) was an East Indiaman built in 1753 for the Amsterdam Chamber of the Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie ; VOC) in the Amsterdam shipyards as a 1150-ton ship with a length of about 45 Meters was built.

Maiden voyage to Asia

Departure from Texel

The Stadwijk began her first trip to India as a freight and troop transport on November 2, 1754 from the island of Texel . Texel played an important role in the VOC's travels. Before departure, the ships were anchored in the Texel roadstead , where they were supplied with provisions and waited for favorable weather conditions. The Stadwijk was under the command of the unmarried captain Willem Vrucht (also: Vrugt ) from Amsterdam, who took up his first position on the ship as captain for the Amsterdam Chamber. On board were 194 seamen, 150 soldiers (including Fredrik August von Ramdohr from Hanover as a sergeant with command of the soldiers on board) and 12 craftsmen, for a total of 356 people. The Stadwijk sailed, together with the Amelisweert , first to England, and lay near Portsmouth from November 6th to 17th, 1754 , where two seamen and a soldier were pressed by the English , while at the Amelisweert one seaman was pressed and another was killed has been. Seven sailors died on board during the subsequent sea voyage across the Atlantic. The anchor was delayed on March 8, 1755 in Cape Town , where 20 seamen (such as the ship's carpenter Huijbert Gaasbeek from Bloemendaal , who asked for membership of the Cape Colony's citizenship), 13 soldiers (such as the ship 's baker Christian Ludolff from Spangenberg) and two craftsmen from Boarded the Stadwijk . Before continuing on April 2, 1755, 4 seamen, 2 soldiers, 1 craftsman and 1 passenger got on.

Dutch Colombo 1680

Continue to East India

The Stadwijk continued the voyage from Cape Town, combined with other ships, probably via Dutch Ceylon and the Coromandel coast , whereby on June 17, 1755 Sergeant von Ramdohr disappeared without a trace and was reported missing. He had not shown up at the muster that day . The reason was unknown and in the ship's pay book he is recorded as absent, not as deceased. They reached the Dutch East Indies and anchored in the Strait of Bantam , where the 103 surviving soldiers left the Stadwijk . On July 14, 1755, the Stadwijk and 't Huys ten Boede from home ( Patria ), together with the De Drie Papegaaien from Persia, finally arrived at the destination port of Batavia . The Stadwijk had arrived on board with 156 sailors, 11 craftsmen and the passenger in question. A total of 20 seamen, 34 soldiers and 1 craftsman died on this voyage with the Stadwijk .

Port of Galle in Ceylon 1754

Where the soldiers are after the first trip

When she arrived in Batavia on July 14, 1755, there were no more soldiers on board.
Soldiers boarded according to the numbers:

  • 150 on departure + 2 on board at the Cape (+ 152 approaches)

Soldiers departed according to the numbers:

  • 1 pressed in Portsmouth + 13 on the Cape + 34 dead + 103 landed in Bantam (- 151 departures)

The difference could be explained by the one Sergeant von Ramdohr who was missing on June 17, 1755. It is possible that he disembarked unannounced during a stopover at bases in Ceylon or the Coromandel coast .

Return journey with passengers

In the preparatory phase, the officers, passengers and convicts as well as discharged soldiers were designated for the journey home to Europe. Vrucht was appointed commander of the return fleet and made declarations on the Stadwijk to travel home to Europe on October 18, 1755, and to use the hold of his ship on October 27. On October 29, the return ships left the inland roadstead, and Captain Vrucht was introduced to the roadstead on October 30th as commander of the return fleet after the usual ceremony. Captain Vrucht now had to command not only his own ship, but an entire convoy in which, as was customary at the time, several ships were grouped together, including the 't Huijs te Manpad , Toornvliet , Delft and the Langewijk . When it departed on October 30, 1755, 112 seamen, 16 soldiers, 13 craftsmen and 27 passengers were on board the Stadwijk , including the qualified gentlemen Jan Cornelis Convert, Rudolph Muntz, Hendrik van Homoet, Hermanus Hacko van der Veen and Gualter van der Beets , a female slave and five convicts, whose transport had already been ordered in the resolutions of the Batavia fort of March 24, July 7, September 19, 1755 and February 2, 1755. After the death of seven sailors from the Stadwijk on the crossing, 20 sailors disembarked in Cape Town on December 28, 1755, and on March 3, 1756 they sailed back to Texel, which was reached on July 26, 1756. Commander Willem Vrucht gave up his command shortly afterwards and initially stayed (repatriated) at home. Some time later, until his death in 1765, he was the superintendent (elected provincial head) of Cape Town , a coveted post regularly given to a former VOC commander.

Second trip to Asia

Under a new captain, Pieter de Roode, the Stadwijk sailed with 182 sailors, 158 soldiers, 6 craftsmen and 6 passengers on December 7th, 1756 from Texel in convoy together with six other ships, the Amelisweert , Bronstede , de vrouwe Petronella Maria , Leimuiden , Lekkerlust and Ruiskenstein . After a short voyage, ships in the convoy at Cape Finisterre were inspected again by English warships for war-relevant cargo and, after some delay, allowed to pass. The formation of the convoy loosened considerably due to the wind conditions. The Stadwijk was first, and about a day later the Amelisweert had arrived at "de Caepsche Rede" in Cape Town on April 4, 1757 . 33 sailors and 40 soldiers left the ship here. 5 sailors and 11 soldiers got on and after 23 days the journey was continued in a newly formed convoy, together with Amelisweert and de vrouwe Petronella Maria . Given the time of year, the three ships took the official route for southeast trade along the fortieth parallel. According to Iman Wilhelm Falck's notes on board the Amelisweert , the Javanese coast came into view around July 1st. On July 4th 1757 the Stadwijk reached Bantam and on July 7th they arrived in Batavia.

A good year later, on June 27, 1758, the Stadwijk , together with the Leimuiden , set out from Batavia to Deshima. Both ships got caught in a storm. The Stadwijk was badly damaged and did not reach Japan. The Leimuiden arrived in Deshima on August 1, 1758, and drove back to Batavia, where after arriving around January 1759 the Stadwijk was reported as lost.

literature

  • Frederik JL van Dulm (Universiteit Leiden 2012): 'Zonder eigen win en glorie' Mr. Iman Wilhelm Falck (1736–1785), governor en directeur van Ceylon en Onderhorigheden dissertation as PDF. Accessed May 15, 2020
  • Brujin JR: Commanders of Dutch East India Ships in the Eighteenth Century. Boydell Press, 2011, ISBN 978-1-84383-622-3 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Noord-Nieuwland built in 1749 was with 265 men, 880 tons and 110 voet cf. Entry vocsite.nl significantly smaller than the Stadwijk, but still gives a good example of the appearance of a Dutch mirror return ship at the time
  2. ↑ www.vocsite.nl. . Retrieved May 14, 2020.
  3. ↑ texel.net inspection May 14, 2020
  4. ↑ Period: 1699, 1794: VOC: Opvarenden, Voornaam opvarende: Willem. Retrieved May 15, 2020 (Dutch).
  5. ↑ Later, after returning from Asia, he retired from work in Amsterdam in 1756
  6. ↑ including Cornelis de Cock (* 1735 in Emden; † 1810 Groningen) as Konstabelmaat (NA, VOC Inv. No. 6317 Grootboek Stadwijk)
  7. ↑ entry on operarch.nl ; accessed May 18, 2020
  8. ^ Dutch-Asiatic Shipping in the 17th and 18th centuries. February 2, 2015, accessed April 9, 2020 .
  9. ↑ Entry in PDF from ceylondatabase, accessed May 15, 2020
  10. ↑ The Amelisweert (Captain Jakob Wiebe, cf. vocsite.nl ) had already arrived at the Cape on February 6, 1755; stayed there until March 9, 1755 and arrived in Batavia on May 31, 1755; continue with new commander Herbert Vermeulen, to Deshima June 26th 1755, arrival August 3rd 1755.
  11. ^ HCV Leibbrandt: Precis of the Archives of The Cape of Good Hope. Requesten (Memorials) 1715-1806 Volume II. (CAPE TOWN and LONDON, CAPE TIMES LIMITED, GOVERNMENT PRINTERS, 1906); No. 4., No. 35. Online at archive.org ; Accessed with the keyword Stadwijk May 15, 2020
  12. ↑ The stopover could be very pleasant. From the correspondence of Iman Wilhelm Falck , who came from an East Frisian family, some conclusions could be drawn about the stay of the young onderkoopman Jan Wittewaal at the Cape at that time.The onderkoopman appeared before the governor, was served with prominent families for dinner with highly praised Cape wine, mostly from the country estate Constantia , and invited to balls (see van Dulm 2012; page 81)
  13. ↑ In the notes of Iman Willem Falck about the arrival before Bantam on a later voyage on July 12, 1757 on board the Amelisweert , in convoy with the Stadwijk , it is reported that the respective captain of a ship (there: Pieter Huisman or schipper Huijsman ) received a premium for the smooth completion of the crossing in accordance with the applicable agreements. When arriving at Bantam, the Equipagemeester , who was also in command of the roadstead, usually came on board. He was responsible for all of the VOC's maritime affairs in Asia. A tax officer, the Waterfiskaal, also came on board to inspect the crew, ship and cargo. These officials regulated the possible transfer of crew members to other ships or their departure ashore. The traveler Iman Wilhelm Falck was allowed to transfer from the Amelisweert to a smaller ship on July 13th, which finally landed in Batavia ".
  14. ^ Indonesian archive entry on Arsip Nasional Republic of Indonesia , accessed May 14, 2020
  15. ↑ Jan Wttewaal left the ship Stadwijk here. (NA, Collection Wttewaal van Staveren, inv. No. 42) Jan Wttewaal (born 1734 in Utrecht as a member of a mayor's family; 1804 Utrecht) was the son of Hendrik Assuerus Wttewaal, Lord of Stoetwegen, and Margaretha van Suchtelen, nephew of the general manager ( Directeur-generaal ) Breton; In 1754 Jan Wttewaal sailed with the Stadwijk together with Cornelis de Cock (NA, VOC Inv. No. 6317 Grootboek Stadwijk). With the quality and rank of a negotiator ( Onderkoopman ) he arrived in Batavia on July 14, 1755 and initially served the VOC in lower administrative positions (1755 external worker in Batavia; 1756 promoted to inspector in the sugar packing house by the director van der Parra; 1759 chief merchant ( opperkoopman ) of the Amsterdam Chamber). On December 14, 1759, by decision of the Hooge government, he was appointed resident of the Comptoirs Gorontalo in Celebes, which was under the governor of Ternate at that time . He took up this service in 1760. After he had received an honorable dismissal from the governor general and the council on December 14, 1771 to return to Europe, he handed over his office on December 5, 1772 to his successor Reinier Houque. Left in autumn 1774 on board the Alkemade from Batavia, he returned to Utrecht in the Netherlands on June 23, 1775; see archival materials Natinaalarchief and Collectie Wttewaal van Staveren at ganetha.nl (accessed May 15, 2020)
  16. ↑ The missing person mentioned, Fredrik August von Ramdohr from Hanover, sergeant in command of the VOC soldiers, must have been born around 1730, for example the son of Friedrich August von Ramdohr (born October 6, 1695 in Celle), Russian and ducal prince -Holstein budget council, possibly in the Oldenburg area near the Netherlands or through Ascanian allod in the Russian area around Jever .
  17. ↑ databases.tanap.net search term Stadwijk . Accessed May 14, 2020
  18. ↑ cf. Arsip Nasional Republic of Indonesia NAlösungen 2845 Batavia 160
  19. ↑ sejarah-nusantara.anri.go.id file 2585, folio 154-155; Indonesian archive entry in the marginalia for the daily journals of Batavia 1659-1807; Inspection on May 19, 2020
  20. ^ Scan of the page on Willem Vrucht in the original Groetbuch der Stadwijk ; Archive pad of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) inventory number 6317
  21. ↑ analogous to the rank designation in British colonies, see Superintendent (New Zealand)
  22. ↑ see Brujin JR (2011) page 64
  23. ↑ probably the father of the auxiliary sailor (hooploper) Jan de Roode from Amsterdam, who was on board the Amelisweert on the first convoy voyage described above on November 2, 1754 and who had disembarked in Amsterdam on July 28, 1756 (Online -Entry nationaalarchief.nl) ; Captain Pieter de Roode very likely died on the Stadwijk off Japan in 1758
  24. ↑ Frits JL van Dulm (Amersfoort 2012) p. 80
  25. ↑ The smaller Bronstede with 142 men under Willem Klump (125 voet length, 600 tons) did not arrive until April 24th and then sailed to Bengal from May 16 to August 28, 1757. It was lost in 1763 between Batavia and the Cape of Good Hope.