Stiff milkweed

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Stiff milkweed
Stiff Spurge (Euphorbia stricta)

Stiff Spurge ( Euphorbia stricta )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family : Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae)
Genre : Spurge ( Euphorbia )
Type : Stiff milkweed
Scientific name
Euphorbia stricta
L.

The stiff spurge ( Euphorbia stricta ) is a species of plant that belongs to the genus spurge ( Euphorbia ) in the family of the spurge plants (Euphorbiaceae).

description

The stiff milkweed is an annual herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 15 to 45 cm. It contains white milky sap and forms a tap root . Usually there are several, often reddish stems . The alternate leaves are oblong-lanceolate, 2 to 4 cm long, turned down before and during the flowering period and often reddish.

It has a terminal, mostly three- to five-pointed umbel , the rays are often forked, and there are partial inflorescences on the side . The pseudo-flowers have four oval, yellow glands. Under each pseudo-flower are two non-overgrown, broadly triangular, yellow-green bracts .

The capsule fruit is about 2 mm wide, covered with short warts everywhere, and has no clear, wart-free longitudinal stripes. The smooth seeds are about 1 mm wide.

The species has chromosome number 2n = 14 or 28.

ecology

The stiff milkweed is a therophyte . It blooms in the first year. At the end of the year or in the following spring it can produce new shoots at the base of the shoot, but it does not get older than two years. The pollination is effected by insects ( Diptera ). The seeds are smooth, with one of the Caruncula hervorgegangenem Elaiosom . Therefore, spread by ants is also possible. Their milky juice is toxic.

Stiff Spurge ( Euphorbia stricta )

Occurrence and locations

The distribution area of ​​stiff milkweed stretches from Europe to Iran. The stiff milkweed occurs scattered in open alluvial forests or in damp mixed deciduous forests, on forest paths or forest edges and in gardens. It prefers nutrient-rich soils in slightly warmer locations, preferably in partial shade. According to Ellenberg , it is a penumbra plant, distributed sub-oceanic and growing in nitrogen-rich locations. It is a type of association of the leek-herb fringes (Alliarion) and especially of the Euphorbietum strictae.

In the Allgäu Alps, the species rises on the Gschwendwiesalpe near Balderschwang up to 1200 m above sea level.

literature

  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
  • Heinz Ellenberg : Vegetation of Central Europe with the Alps in an ecological, dynamic and historical perspective (=  UTB for science. Large series . Volume 8104 ). 5th, heavily changed and improved edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8252-8104-3 .
  • Margot Spohn, Marianne Golte-Bechtle: What is blooming there? The encyclopedia: over 1000 flowering plants from Central Europe , Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10326-9 .
  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen. Interactive flora of Germany. Seeing - determining - knowing. The key to the flora . CD-ROM, version 2.0. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2004, ISBN 3-494-01368-3 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 4 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Haloragaceae to Apiaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3315-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001, page 638, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
  2. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Degeneria. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 188.

Web links

Commons : Stiff Spurge ( Euphorbia stricta )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files