Stencil

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A contemporary anarchist stencil

Stencil ( engl. For template ) or stencil art is a term for graffiti or street art , with the help of templates are attached. The French term pochoir is used rather seldom , although the technique, initiated by Blek le Rat, found artistic use for the first time in France on a larger scale.

Procedure

In contrast to freehand graffito, the stencil requires the creation of the stencils. These are usually made from cardboard , but also from plastic or laminated paper and - more rarely - from metal or wood and are then suitable for frequent repetition of a motif. Complicated and extensive artifacts are mounted on thin wire mesh . The combination of different templates allows multi-colored motifs.

In addition to the spray can, nudging brushes, oil pastels and airbrushes can also be used to apply the paint . In reverse graffiti , paint is not applied through the gaps in the stencil. B. selectively cleaned the wall of dirt with a high-pressure cleaner.

history

The technique of creating motifs using a stencil is as old as the artistic creation of mankind itself. Even the Stone Age people, for example, splashed paint on their hands that they held against a wall, creating a negative image in this way. Stencil painting has also been used to decorate walls, furniture, and other items for centuries.

In the 1920s and 30s, the stencil application process for books and prints reached new heights. Printing presses provided poor quality color reproduction in publishing. New experimental techniques using stencils and multiple layers of paint applications refined the process for a single print. The combination of pochoir with lithographs, woodcuts, wood engravings, drawings or etchings transformed the decoration technique into fine art . Jean Saudé, a French printmaker in Paris , published Traité d'enluminure d'art au pochoir , a guide to the pochoir technique , in 1925 .

Stenciling as an art form emerged in the late 1970s in punk culture a . a. in Amsterdam , was best known through the artist Blek le Rat and had its first heyday in Paris in the 1980s. Blek le Rat said it took over the idea from Italy, where this type of spreading motifs for political propaganda purposes had been used for a long time. As a teenager, he saw a stencil left over from World War II with Mussolini's head. In Spain, General Franco was celebrated with the stencil technique during the Spanish Civil War .

Stencil work by EVOL on a distribution box in Lüneburg ; created in 2009 as part of ARTotale
Stencil work by Boxi , in Lüneburg ; created in 2009 as part of ARTotale

Blek le Rats quite simple stencil graffiti inspired later street art greats such as the British Banksy , Evol, Boxi , or the French graffiti artist Nemo . John Fekner (* 1950 in New York) is another street artist.

Web links

Commons : Stencils  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bernhard van Treeck : Pochoir - the art of stencil graffiti , 2000
  2. ↑ Wolfsonian: Jean Saude
  3. ↑ Ulrich Blanché: Something to s (pr) ay: The Street Artivist Banksy: An art-historical investigation . P. 31.
  4. ↑ Michael Kloft, interior views: Germany 1937. Documentary film, Germany 2011. The film documents the film report of the US reporter Julien Bryan. The recording of the spraying action can be seen in minute 46.
  5. ^ Leuphana University of Lüneburg. Leuphana Urban Art Project. Leuphana University of Lüneburg, October 5, 2009, accessed on July 21, 2013 : “Evol is one of the founders of the stencil art. Images are applied in many different layers using stencils and ultimately look as real as a photo. "
  6. ^ Leuphana University of Lüneburg. Leuphana Urban Art Project. Leuphana University Lüneburg, October 5, 2009, accessed on July 21, 2013 : “The British artist Boxi always manages to cast a spell over the viewer. With his photorealistic pictures, he amazes at the technique and depth of his works. With stencils, so-called stencils, Boxi brings life to the wall. "