Lübeck tram
The Lübeck tram in the Hanseatic City of Lübeck existed from 1881 to 1959. The gauge of the Lübeck tram was from the beginning - as with the trams in Kiel and Braunschweig - 1100 mm.
history
In the town with a population of just over 50,000 at the time, Hermann Wilhelm Fehling initiated the construction of a horse-drawn tram in the service of the general public . The route led from the Colosseum on Kronsford Allee via Mühlenstraße , Breite Straße , Koberg , Große Burgstraße to Tannenhof on Israelsdorfer Allee , with a branch to Roeckstraße , where a stable was built. On April 30, 1881, traffic was started on the first section, the entire route was officially opened a short time later after the construction work was completed on May 15. On June 7th, a branch line followed from Markt over Holstentorbrücke and Lindenplatz to Fackenburger Allee ( near Waisenhof ) and Moislinger Allee (near Lachswehrallee) at the V. St. Lorenz School . The Lübeck-Büchener railway was crossed at the same level on Possehlstrasse . By assuming interest guarantees, the citizens were able to ensure that the latter route could not only be maintained, but even extended to Finkenstrasse. The operation was only profitable at the beginning. After the route network was expanded, no dividends could be paid out after 1882 . In 1893 the Lübeck Horse Railway Company was taken over by a Berlin company to operate as an electric tram . For this purpose, the management of the " Allgemeine Lokal- und Straßenbahn AG" (ALSAG) in Berlin was transferred, which electrified the routes and carried out the traffic. On May 12, 1894, operations began on the first line. The cars ran in one-man operation with payment boxes . A new depot was built for the electric vehicles opposite the previous hall on Roeckstraße .
For the German-Nordic trade and industry exhibition , an "exhibition track" was built in 1895 on the Marlier field, which was operated from June 21 to mid-October.
ALSAG offered the tram licensed to it for sale in 1902 after negotiations with the city of Lübeck. However, no agreement was reached. So that the construction of a route from the train station to Marli, which ALSAG considered unprofitable, could be carried out, the building officer Ferdinand Wallbrecht, as the owner of several building plots located there, received the concession to build and operate the "Marli Railway" from Untertrave via Beckergrube , Königstraße , Hüxstraße , Moltkestraße to the barracks on Marli . In the later Goebenstrasse, at the final stop on Marli, there was another wagon hall from 1905 to 1925. On June 9, 1905, operations were opened on the 4.2 km long route, which was known as the "Lübeck Tram". One-man cars ran here, too, but with a kind of machine that issued the tickets. Contrary to ALSAG's expectations, this route was profitable. The new railway was bought in 1908 by the city of Lübeck for 380,000 marks.
After further negotiations between ALSAG and the city of Lübeck, an agreement was reached in 1909 to buy the ALSAG tram for 3.6 million marks. From April 1, 1909, the entire tram operation was run as the municipal "Lübeck tram". Lindner developed into your "home supplier".
Further lines have now been opened: in 1911 to Moislinger Baum , Vorwerker Friedhof , Ratzeburger Allee and Hansastraße, which opened up the inner city area well. In 1912, overland lines to Kücknitz with branch lines to Schlutup (1914) and (Bad) Schwartau were opened. The number of inhabitants had risen to over 100,000 due to industrialization. By 1914, the route network grew to 15 lines. The already planned extension from Kücknitz to Travemünde did not take place due to the First World War and the times of emergency that followed. A new depot with workshop was built on Finkenstraße .
In 1924 a line to Herrenwyk opened , in 1925 there were line extensions in Ratzeburger Allee , Kronsford Allee, Fackenburger Allee and in 1926 to Moisling. This was the greatest expansion of the network.
The fleet received its first self-built carriages in the form of two sidecars in 1914. To transport the Schlutuper fish women and their fish baskets, two cars (166, 167) were constructed with central entry and longitudinal benches. Colloquially these wagons were called "Zeppelin wagons", in official parlance they were called "Fish wagons". A third was built in 1916. At the beginning of the World War, the first two cars were converted into hospital cars. All three cars were retired in 1949.
From 1925 the tram also operated bus routes. In the 1930s, as in many other cities, a complete replacement of the tram with omnibuses was planned, also due to the narrow streets in the old town. The lines towards Marli , Vorwerker Friedhof , Landgraben , Hansering and Ostkrankenhaus have been closed. The worsening political situation forbade further recruitment, and tram traffic had to be resumed in some cases due to the surrender of buses to the Wehrmacht. As a result of the air raid on Lübeck in March 1942, tram traffic was interrupted until the end of the war in 1945. After the Second World War , a new route was opened in Hirtenstrasse and the route to Landgraben was reactivated.
With the increase in private transport , the tram lost more and more passengers. The buses of today's Lübeck city transport , which are smaller and more flexible in terms of capacity, gradually replaced the tram. From the mid-1950s, further lines were closed. In 1955 operations on the line to Moisling were stopped, and in 1957 the branches in the direction of Landgraben and Hirtenstraße . The rest of the network remained operational until November 15, 1959. The newer cars were handed over to the neighboring tram company in Kiel and the tram in Braunschweig . The local tram companies had / have the same gauge.
In the past, following the international trend since the 1990s, debates about the reintroduction of a tram system in Lübeck have been held again and again. So far, however, they have not produced any results, as the political will on the subject is also inconsistent. In 2010, 120,000 euros were approved for an expert opinion on the problem.
Open track remains of the former tram can only be found very rarely, including at Schlutuper Markt. There are still tracks under some road surfaces , some of which become visible during renovation work or can be recognized by characteristic ruts in the asphalt. In the inner city area there are still numerous catenary rosettes on old buildings. Outside of the old town there is also the transformer house, built in 1938 on Travemünder Allee , whose carved gable decorations in the style of the National Socialist era have largely been preserved.
Line network
In 1910, after the introduction of line numbers, the following lines existed:
| line | route |
|---|---|
| 1 | Market - Moislinger Allee |
| 2 | Schwartauer Allee - train station - market - Mühlentorplatz - Ratzeburger Allee |
| 3 | Israelsdorfer Allee - Markt - Mühlentorplatz - Cronsford Allee |
| 4th | Depot Roeckstraße - Burgtor - Breite Straße - Mühlentorplatz - Cronsford Allee |
| 5 | Marlistraße - Moltkeplatz - Hüxstraße - Markt - Fackenburger Allee - Krempelsdorf |
| 6th | Moltkeplatz - Hüxstraße - Beckergrube - train station |
| 7th | Fackenburger Allee - Vorwerker Friedhof |
literature
- 75 years of Lübeck transport company . Stadtwerke Lübeck (ed.), Lübeck, May 1956
- Wolf-Rüdiger Saager: 100 years of local transport in Lübeck . Stadtwerke Lübeck (publisher) in cooperation with the Lübecker Verkehrsfreunde eV (VLV), Lübeck 1981
- Wolf-Rüdiger Saager, Lutz Bartoschek, Thomas Saager: 125 years of local transport in Lübeck: a journey through history . Stadtverkehr Lübeck GmbH, Lübeck 2006 (without ISBN)
- Dieter Waltking: Trams in Germany . Alba-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1969
- Jan Zimmermann: St. Gertrud. A photographic foray 1860–1945 . Bremen 2007
- Tram magazine : Issue 11/2009, For half a century of history: The tram in Lübeck
- Tram magazine : Issue 12/2009, Lübeck tram history: When the outer lines came
- Tram magazine : issue 01/2010, history: shrinking rate from 1935
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Hermann Wilhelm Fehling. , In: Lübeckische Blätter , 49th vol., Number 50, edition of December 15, 1907, p. 709.
- ↑ When this later became too small, it served the fire department as a building.
- ↑ Luther School
- ↑ Wolf-Rüdiger Saager: 100 years of local transport in Lübeck . Stadtwerke Lübeck (ed.) In cooperation with the Lübecker Verkehrsfreunde eV (VLV), Lübeck 1981, p. 60