Old barracks (Lübeck)
The old barracks was an imperial barracks of the 19th and 20th centuries in Lübeck.
history
After Lübeck joined the North German Confederation as a result of the German War and its contingent had been dissolved, a new barracks had to be built to accommodate the fusilier battalion of Infantry Regiment No. 76 garrisoning in Lübeck at the federal expense.
For this, the city offered an approximately 13 3 / 4 Mg large land which the Plon-Kieler Chaussee tangent free pasture .
Already during the Franco-Prussian War , a military hospital was built not far from the future barracks in the Waisenhofallee branching off from the Chaussee across from the military firing range . Emmy Turk was here with her founded "Lübeck Women's Association for the care of wounded and sick in war warriors" in the nursing business. Her husband, Carl Türk , became chief physician of the garrison hospital after the war .
In December 1871 the barracks could be occupied.
Use until 1897
Due to the characteristics of the first new barracks in the area of today's Schleswig-Holstein, it played a special role in local architecture. The military played an outstanding social and societal role until the end of the Second World War, so that its buildings were given a representative character. Some like the former Viktoria barracks of the infantry regiment "Graf Bose" (1st Thuringian) No. 31 are therefore now under monument protection . This favor of fate was withheld from the barracks, which were still in good condition and through whose gate the soldiers marched in two world wars.
In March 1897, on the birthday of the deceased emperor, the last celebration of the now III. Battalion of the 76s converted former fusilier battalion.
Use by the Lübeck Regiment
On April 1st, Bismarck's emblematic birthday , the 3rd Hanseatic Infantry Regiment No. 162 (later the Lübeck Regiment) was founded. The corresponding AKO stated that each division had to form a new brigade of two infantry regiments by surrendering its IV (half) battalions. The 81st Infantry Brigade, based in Lübeck, was formed with the 162nd and 163rd Infantry Regiments . Since Lübeck already had its own battalion, it was converted to its 2nd battalion and its 1st battalion was formed from the regiments of the 34th (Grand Duke of Mecklenburg) brigade . This battalion initially had to camp on the so-called remaining open pasture between the Holsten Gate and the barracks.
The appeal of former artillerymen of the IX. Army Corps took place in Lübeck in June 1909. More than 1,000 alumni had come to town and bivouacked in the pasture at the foot of the barracks. During the roll call in the barracks yard, a telegram of homage was sent to the Kaiser, who was in Hamburg at the time. At the end of the roll call, the parade of the artillerymen, led by the Lübeck police captain Grünweller, left the yard. When he returned, the emperor's reply had already been received in the barracks.
On September 2, 1914, the regimental flags were brought in for mobilization before departure.
During the war the garrison administration was housed here. The Replacement Infantry Regiment No. 162 and the 2nd Replacement Machine Gun Department were in the Marli barracks .
All the associations of the National Warrior Association followed on the afternoon of January 17, 1915 from the market in the Schutzmannkapelle to the courtyard of the old barracks for the flag consecration of the Jungwehr . Under the leadership of Police Major Moritz Grünweller, the youth companies were positioned to the left and right of a lectern . The youth armed forces, which formed in Lübeck as in the whole of the German Empire immediately after the outbreak of war, served as a voluntary organization under the leadership of old soldiers and energetic men to provide military training for young people . Behind the speaker's pulpit the national war clubs gathered with their flags, the honorary chairman of the association Heinrich Kühne , the chairman of the printing house owner and publisher of the Lübeck association Julius Heise, the deputy colonel v. Kuenheim, Mayor Johann Hermann Eschenburg , Senate and City Council members, other guests of honor and a large crowd. The ceremonial handover of the flag donated by the National Warrior Association began with the Dutch prayer of thanks before Pastor Wilhelm Mildenstein stepped onto the desk and gave a speech that went from the Wars of Liberation of 1813 about the Franco-German War to the current war. After a chorale Julius Heise conveyed the greetings of the country Warriors Association, members of the youth military was the youngest comrades and brought an enthusiastic recorded " high " to the emperor from. The imperial anthem was sung. The Colonel then handed the stepped forward, who had been chosen to bear the standard, the flag in Luebsche colors bearing an eagle. They thanked them with the vow that they should be an incentive for all members to fulfill their duties as faithfully as possible. After the National Warrior Association in the person of the secretary , painter Wilhelm Siems, and the scout corps affiliated to the Boy Scout Association in the person of the main field master , teacher Wilhelm Groth, each decorated the flag with a flag nail, the ceremony ended with the singing of the Germany song . After the mayor, colonel and police major had paced the front of the clubs, the National Warrior Association and all the companies of the youth armed forces went to the market to the sounds of the protection team band. There the band gave concerts while collecting for the prisoners of war from Lübeck .
Use after the First World War
First the military disappeared from Lübeck to Eutin and the barracks became a police barracks . When the military returned, the barracks were given the name Hindenburg barracks , while other Lübeck barracks were named after victorious battles of the now former 162, Meesen barracks or Cambrais barracks .
After the First World War, there was a sports field in the courtyard of the barracks, on which the soccer players of the SV Police Lübeck (and at times also teams from VfR Lübeck and BSV Vorwärts Lübeck ) played their home games in the Oberliga Lübeck / Mecklenburg and until November 1934 also in the Gauliga Delivered Nordmark . Up to 5,000 spectators could watch the games here. After the Wehrmacht took over the facility , the police athletes moved to the Lohmühle .
During the period of National Socialism the barracks changed its name to Adolf Hitler army barracks and was after the Second World War by the British in Churchill -Baracks renamed.
After its function it was called Fackenburger-Allee-Kaserne or simply the old barracks . The proponents of the demolition disrespectfully called it the penitentiary or simply monster .
From 1970 negotiations took place between the city of Lübeck and the Bundespost. This planned to set up a telecommunications office on the site. After the citizens' approval, the negotiations were concluded in spring 1972. The site was sold for 1.6 million DM. The application for its demolition was made on March 13, 1974 and was approved by the interior minister of the country on August 13, 1975. Intensive efforts by the planning office and monument protection to preserve it failed.
After the frost disappeared from the ground in 1976, the structure was demolished except for a bunker from the Second World War. Since the plans of the new owner were still far from being completed, there was now a vacant lot on Fackenburger Allee for two years.
building
investment
The execution of the project was carried out by the War Ministry under the technical direction of the builder Leopold von Nehus . He was later appointed Garrison Construction Director of Metz .
The commission requested the erection of a barracks building for a peace strength of:
- 575 men ,
- 20 unmarried NCOs resp. Volunteers,
- 12 married sergeants resp. NCOs,
- 4 officials and
- 9 unmarried officers
The following were deemed necessary as ancillary buildings:
- a parade house with an area of 160 * 40 = 6400 m 2
- a wagon shed of 34 * 31 = 1054 m 2
- a stable for 8 horses
- two latrines with 16 seats each for teams
- two three-seater departures for married couples
- four ash and garbage pits
Taking into account the tall trees on the Chaussee at that time, the barracks were moved around HUF 100 to the rear.
Construction of the main building began in 1868, and that of the auxiliary buildings three years later.
The construction of the main building cost 200,000 thalers and was therefore below the originally estimated sum of 224,500 thalers. The costs for the outbuildings amounted to 9,000 thalers.
Inside
One-sided corridor systems separated the apartments of civil servants and married people from the crew rooms and officers' quarters. a hall-like passage in the middle of the building was the only entrance at the front of the building. The longitudinal wings were used to accommodate the teams in rooms of 10, 20 and 30 men. Officers' apartments and casino rooms were in the south wing , civil servants and married couples in the north wing .
Cooking and laundry rooms , dining rooms, the gunsmith's apartment , workshop and cleaning rooms, holding cells , storage and firing rooms were all in the basement . The assembly rooms , laundry and storage rooms of the administration and the rooms for drying the laundry were in the attic .
The vaults were made of bricks using strong cross and diagonal anchors. The sideshift of the front walls was countered by the front walling of the buttresses and the anchoring of the front walls by the beam systems.
Outside
The architectural structure was carried out in an execution corresponding to the city style with Gothic detail forms. The interplay between the building's horizontal lines was brought into harmony by the protruding towers , buttresses and stepped gables . The small windows caused by the structure, instead of the large ones in keeping with the style, impaired the overall effect, but were just as inevitable as the inconsistent placement of the gutters on instead of behind the battlements .
Red sandstone was used for the cornices . The bricks of the facing masonry were interrupted by bands of black glazed bricks. The slate roof was bluish in color.
The pointed arches of the entrance hall were painted al fresco in 1871 , depicting trophies of arms from different eras. Both of the middle fields were adorned with the names and dates of the victorious battles in which the battalion took part in the Franco-German War . The high skylight of the portal was decorated with stained glass depicting the imperial and city coats of arms, and the gable opposite the imperial eagle.
Addendum
In October 2009, during civil engineering work on the supermarket located on the site, underground containers were discovered and partially damaged, causing irritant gas to escape. The containers were removed in a deployment by the fire brigade, police and the ordnance disposal service, and the residents were temporarily evacuated.
The irritant with a sweet, aromatic, pungent odor was used during the First World War to train soldiers from the replacement battalion of the Lübeck regiment. After a laboratory test, it turned out to be harmless to health.
literature
- Journal of construction : Vol. 22, 1872, article: Casernement in Lübeck
- Lübeck News ; Born 1976, No. 35, edition of February 11, 1976, article: The last days of the old barracks have now dawned
- Lübeck sheets ; Issue of March 6, 1976, article: One word for the "monster"
- Otto Dziobek : History of the Infantry Regiment Lübeck (3rd Hanseatic) No. 162 ; Verlag Gerhard Stalling, 1922 Oldenburg i. D., first edition, officers' association, formerly 162
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Your Majesty send reverential greetings to more than a thousand former artillerymen from the 9th Army Corps district who have joined the artillery roll call in Lübeck and renew their vow of unchangeable loyalty: Always faithfully ready for the glory of the empire!
- ↑ His Majesty the Emperor and King thank the former artillerymen gathered there for their expressions of faithful devotion. The secret cabinet council 'von Valentin'
- ↑ Various Lübeck advertisements and father-city sheets from June 1909.
- ↑ Julius Heise (ed.): Between home and front. War journeys with gifts of love from the Lübeck State Warrior Association. Lübeck Vlg Landeskrieger-Verband, Lübeck 1916.
- ↑ Consecration of the flags of the youth armed forces , year 1914/15, No. 17, edition of January 24, 1915, p. 71.
- ↑ a b A word for the "monster" In: Lübeckische Blätter , year 1976, edition of March 6, 1976.
- ^ Christian Jessen: VfB Lübeck. A century of football history in the Hanseatic city. Verlag Die Werkstatt, Göttingen 2019, ISBN 978-3-7307-0460-8 , p. 13 ff., 280 f .
- ↑ cf. with the Lübeck town hall
- ↑ among them the battle of Logny , which was to become the founding myth for the later 162nd regiment.
- ↑ see also Hugo von Kottwitz
- ↑ Meeting of the Lübeck Environmental Committee, November 19, 2009 (PDF file; 1.8 MB)