Carl Turk

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Grave in the Burgtorfriedhof

Carl Adolph Georg Hermann Türk (born September 28, 1838 in Rostock , † November 22, 1890 in Lübeck ) was a German doctor and city ​​physician .

Life

origin

Carl Türk was a son of the Rostock legal historian and professor Karl Türk of the same name and his (first) wife Emma Sophia, née Brandenburg. Because of his involvement in the 1848 revolution , his father was dismissed from the Mecklenburg service in 1852 after four years of pre-trial detention. After trying in vain in various places to create a new field of activity, he went to Lübeck in 1860, where he lived by journalistic work.

career

Carl first attended the large city school in Rostock, then the Katharineum in Lübeck until he graduated from high school Michaelis in 1856. Türk studied human medicine at the University of Rostock , did his doctorate in Breslau and received his license to practice medicine in Berlin after passing the exam on April 5, 1862 and settled in Lübeck low. He first lived in the King's Road 857 height Aegidienstraße , from there you moved into Jakobi Quartier in the Breite Straße 787 and then back to the King's Road 667 height Catherine's Church . In 1870, the middle Hüxstraße 290 was pulled and three years later the 331, which later became No. 36. One stayed here.

When the previous senior physician, Emil Cordes , of the Lübeck contingent of the Oldenburg-Hanseatic Brigade resigned from his position in 1866 , he entered the same position and held the post of staff and battalion doctor .

When they joined the North German Confederation , the federal contingents of the Free Hanseatic Cities were dissolved. On May 15, 1867, Hamburg lost its own defense sovereignty and had to take on two battalions as a peace garrison. On October 1, 1867, according to a convention of June 27, 1867, men and non-commissioned officers of the disbanded regiments of Hamburg (the city military in garrison) and Lübeck were transferred to the new regiment, the 76th Infantry Regiment formed in Bromberg in 1866 . The staff and the musketeer battalions were transferred to Hamburg in 1867, and that of the fusiliers to Lübeck. The soldiers of this standing army were given the option to continue their service in the Prussian army.

On November 7, 1867, the regiment in which Türk was now a battalion doctor was named 2nd Hanseatic Infantry Regiment No. 76 . According to Dr. Becker, senior physician of the garrison , taken place in February 1868 displacement occurred Türk in its functions. Construction of the barracks began on September 21, 1869 and the topping-out ceremony was celebrated on October 29, 1870 . A military hospital in the form of nine barracks for the sick was also built on the Waisenhofallee site. Shortly before the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War , Türk was a delegate of the Lübeck branch for the care of wounded warriors at the annual meeting of the main association on June 18, 1870 in Berlin. As a medical officer and personal physician to Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II of Mecklenburg-Schwerin , he went to war. After the coastal protection, they reached the field near Metz on September 1, 1870 . There the Grand Duke took over the leadership of the XIII. Army corps and besieged the fortress . From the end of October Paris was besieged and then fought as the Grand Duke's army group against the French Loire Army in the battle of Loigny and Poupry , Orléans , Beaugency and Le Mans . For his great services as a non-combatant in war, he was awarded the Iron Cross with a white ribbon . excellent. Only when he returned from France in June 1871 was he able to resume his medical practice. From 1872 he was chief physician in the garrison hospital at Mühlenbrücke 869 . At the end of 1879, when the Senate was to appoint Türk to the physics department in place of Johann Heinrich Christoph Pabst, who died on April 27, 1879, on January 1, 1880, his resignation was approved. Under the awarding of the character of a senior staff physician II. Class he was placed à la suite of the regiment with the statutory board for disposition .

Türk was a member of the animal welfare association . At the general assembly of the association in April 1872, however, he resigned from its board.

At the general assembly of the Lübeck branch of the Patriotic Women's Association founded by his wife , Türk was elected to one of its advisory boards in 1874.

On September 13, 1877, the Senate elected Dr. Carl Andr. Hinr. Mollwo and Türk became members of the Medical College. As such, however, he had to resign in 1880 when he was appointed physician and thus head of the city-state's health system . In the years 1880, 1883 and 1887 he was elected chairman of the Medical Association in Lübeck .

Since 1873, Türk was a member of the Society for the Promotion of Charitable Activities . Supported by Senator Thomas Johann Heinrich Mann and Dr. med. Joh. Carl Heinr. Friedr. Hinckeldeyn applied for an annual subsidy of 600 marks for the Gray Sisters, who are particularly valued in nursing, for the period of the next three years. At the meeting on November 9, 1880, it was approved.

At the meeting on May 31, 1881, the list of candidates for the upcoming mayor election in the III. Electoral district ( Marien Quartier and suburb of St. Lorenz ) set up on June 21. Türk has been nominated as one of the three possible substitutes for the citizenship candidates.

Navigation school with Kaisertor

When Friedrich Esmarch , surgeon and founder of the civil Samaritan system, gave a lecture in 1885 in the merchant class , he personally addressed the local chairman of the Red Cross and suggested that she receive instructions on Samaritan service . A corresponding association met on March 5, chaired by Louis Schütt and Türk. It was proposed to make this compulsory for the helmsmen at all seaman's schools on the German coast . At the instigation of Senator Johannes Fehling , who was responsible for the matter, the instructions in the Lübeck navigation school at the Kaisertor were the first to be mandatory in Germany. The Red Cross provided doctors and teaching equipment for this until 1892, after which the state took over.

On January 6, 1887, one day after he had celebrated his 25th anniversary in practice, Türk was appointed a member of the examination board for pharmacy assistants. From 1888 he was chairman of the authority, which was elected for two years. The other two members were CA Pfaff and Siegfried Mühsam .

At the beginning of 1888, the management of the recently constituted Lübeck district association of the German association against the abuse of spirits, founded in Kassel in 1883, was appointed. The Presidency took over Heinrich Alphons Plessing , the Board formed Türk, Ludwig Trummer , Theodor Eschenburg , Nicolaus Bernhard Joachim Jürss and Christian Reimpell . The latter question has preoccupied him for a long time, as can be seen from his lectures given at the trade association. Already in 1867 one acted "on alcoholic beverages".

In October 1889 Otto Riedel came from the Medicinisch-Surgical Friedrich Wilhelm Institute as a staff and battalion doctor for the Lübeck battalion. In 1891 the Senate appointed him as Turk's successor as city physician.

family

Türk became Emanuel Geibel's family doctor and counted him among his friends. Through him he met the writer Emmy Eschricht and married her in 1867. At number 36, the house of his apartment and practice, Carl and Emmy later had a literary man who, as the memories of the actor Max Grube passed down, were very open-minded for the time Salon . Titus and Eve were the couple's children.

Hospital on Waisenhofallee

Emmy was involved in nursing. On July 18, 1870, she founded the "Lübeck Women's Association for the Care of Wounded and Sick Warriors", which initially consisted of seven members. The statutes of the Lübeck branch were confirmed on October 21, 1871 by the main association of the Patriotic Women's Association , which was chaired by the Empress . At the suggestion of the Empress out who gave Emperor , Wilhelm I , Miss Jenny's Place Man, Woman Surgeon Emmy door, Miss Friederike Elder , Miss Clementine von Faber, Mrs. Consul Lütjens, madam Baroness von Seidlitz and Mrs. President Kierulff in recognition of their services the Cross of Merit for Women and Virgins for the care of the wounded in the last war and had it sent by the Royal General Order Commission . The following year, Emmy was appointed head of the club. After the storm surge of 1872, she arranged for a collection for the lost fishing families . With the purchase of new fishing equipment , it should be made employable again. At the general assembly on March 10, 1874, when the association had almost 180 members, Emmy was confirmed in the position of the above. It was also delegated to the board meeting of the patriotic women's associations on March 22nd and 23rd in Berlin . On March 22, 1874, the birthday of the Kaiser, Emmy was awarded the war memorial for her achievements in the war in caring for the wounded. Since she had taken part in the war as a non-combatant, her coin was on the band, unlike that of the combatants made of steel on the non-combatant band . As was the case after the storm surge in 1876, collections were also made for those in need as a result of the great flooding in Silesia . The board of directors - consisting of the chairperson, Miss Julie Kierulff and Ms. Hauptmann A. v. Rüdgisch - announced on May 24th 1879 that the association intended to fulfill their wish to establish a people's kitchen in Lübeck in the form of a foundation to celebrate the golden wedding of the imperial couple . In 1882 she founded the women's trade school and was to lead it until 1894. The school, which still exists today, was named after Dorothea Schlözer in 1970 .

When Esmarch personally recommended his big cause to her on the occasion of his lecture in 1885, she, as the daughter of a shipowner, had been familiar with the nautical circles from her earliest youth, immediately understood what blessing the seamanship would bring from the instructions. When she was at the general assembly of the main association in Berlin in April 1885, she submitted the proposal to the empress to make this instruction binding at all seaman schools on the German coast. The empress then took the initiative and sent the Lübeck branch association money to purchase the teaching equipment.

After Carl's death, she was only to start writing again. Short stories, novels and short stories appeared under the pseudonym of her maiden name. She published other articles under her married name .

As a war veteran , Emmy was awarded the so-called centenary medal donated by the incumbent emperor for this purpose on the 100th anniversary of the birth of his grandfather in 1897 .

The Emperor founded in October 1898, the Red Cross Medal in three classes. On the occasion of his birthday, January 27, she was at the Lübeck citizens in 2nd class Miss Julie Kierulff, Mrs. Consul Behncke (born Fehling), senior physician woman Türk and Mr Landrichter a. D. Priess and in 3rd grade to Consul Possehl , Dr. Wichmann , Attorney Priess, Consul Rehder, Consul Marty, Dr. Hammerich, Dr. Hofstaetter, Physikus Riedel, Dr. Schorer and the businessman Schetelig .

Chair in the auditorium

As chairman of the association, Emmy attended the IV. Association Day of the Red Cross. from June 9th to 11th, 1899 in Heidelberg under the chairmanship of the Karlsruhe privy councilor Otto Sachs and the Munich major general a. D. v. Spull participated as his deputy. The greeting took place in the Alterthümerhalle , in which there were still traces of the singing festival held shortly before. The next day the lectures followed by discussions took place in the auditorium of Heidelberg University . It was debated whether the organ of the "Women's Association", which had been found in Lübeck for some time in the reading room of Niederegger , should be made more entertaining through fiction . Gustav Hauser spoke about “Nursing in the Country”. In the Academic Hospital , the medical team demonstrated their work on the battlefield after the battle. In the following lecture, Professor Szerny spoke, among other things, of the progress that the treatment of abdominal injuries had made in relation to the previous war. A final tableau in Heidelberg Castle concluded the conference.

A short time later, Emmy announced as chairwoman of the board that the board of the patriotic women's associations in Lübeck had agreed to train and lead nurses. In the future, you should not only be able to provide first aid in emergencies, but also to support the doctor according to his orders. In this way, following the Baden model, nursing in the countryside should be improved. The instruction in Samaritan service was nothing new in the Hanseatic city.

Physikus Riedel and Ms. Türk wrote messages about the history of the departments of the Lübeck Red Cross. In December 1899, after the Spanish-American War , they received diplomas of thanks from the Spanish government in recognition of their writing .

in the Kremlin

The last article by Emmy to appear in Lübeck, "Letter from Moscow" on September 9, 1900, came from her trip from Russia . At the beginning, they reported that a glance at the pass saw her though that she was old and the rigors of travel with the railway to Moscow would have grown no more, in the week published on August 25 article "On the borders to the best of our knowledge ”by Paul Schellhas , however, had encouraged them to carry out their project. In Moscow they were overwhelmed by the splendor of goldsmithing that was on display there, and the goldsmithing work of the Kremlin proved to be the crowning glory. Of these, ten goldsmiths were mentioned in the article, seven from Rostock and three from Lübeck. At the end of her article, she summed up her overall impression by quoting a Russian proverb . “ Only the Kremlin passes over Moscow, only the sky passes over the Kremlin. "

Emmy had apparently overestimated herself, contrary to her assumption at the beginning of the Moscow letter. On her way home, she fell ill with pneumonia . Emmy passed away during her unsuccessful recovery at her daughter's home in Libau .

Web links

Commons : Familiengrab Türk  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

literature

  • Friedrich von Rohden: The medical association of Lübeck: 150 years of medical history. 1809-1959. Lübeck 1959.
  • Physicist Dr. med. Turk †. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 32, No. 94, edition of November 23, 1890, pp. 557–558.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hermann Genzken: The Abitur graduates of the Katharineum in Lübeck (grammar school and secondary school) from Easter 1807 to 1907. Borchers, Lübeck 1907 ( digitized version ), no. 540
  2. ↑ Entry in the Rostock matriculation portal
  3. ^ Military weekly paper . 1867, p. 738.
  4. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 10, No. 10, edition of February 5, 1868, p. 64.
  5. ^ Elke P. Brandenburg: St. Lorenz: Chronicle of the suburb in front of the Holstentor , Verlag Schmidt-Römhild , Lübeck 2001, p. 58.
  6. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 12, No. 52, edition of June 29, 1870, p. 292.
  7. ^ Franz Brümmer : Türk, Emmy. in: Anton Bettelheim : Biographical Yearbook and German Nekrolog. Pp. 174-176.
  8. ↑ Hermann de Boor recorded the battle of Loigny on a painting for the 2nd Hanseatic Regiment No. 76 . This battle should be in the later for the III. Bataillon developing Lübeck 3rd Hanseatic Regiment will create identity.
  9. ^ List of rankings and quarters of the Royal Prussian Army. 1875, p. 217.
  10. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 13, No. 49, edition of June 28, 1871, p. 280.
  11. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 22, No. 1, edition of January 4, 1880, p. 8.
  12. ↑ Official supplement to the German military medical journal. 9 (1880), p. 12.
  13. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 14, No. 31, Edition of April 17, 1872, p. 172.
  14. ↑ a b c Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 16, No. 25, Edition of March 29, 1874, pp. 154–155.
  15. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 19, No. 77, Edition of September 26, 1877, p. 440.
  16. ^ Rohden (lit.), p. 221
  17. ↑ Society for Cmd. Gemeinnütz. Activity. In: Lübeckische Blätter , 22nd volume, No. 90, edition from November 10th 1880, p. 518.
  18. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In Lübeckische Blätter ; Volume 23, number 44, edition of June 1, 1881, p. 300.
  19. ↑ a b c Nurses in the Country. by Emmy Türk in: Lübeckische Blätter , 41st volume, no. 32, edition of August 2, 1889, pp. 399–400.
  20. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In Lübeckische Blätter ; Volume 29, number 103, edition of December 25, 1887, pp. 559-560.
  21. ↑ Jürss was as owner of the company JJ Jürss merchant of groceries - action .
  22. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter. Volume 30, No. 9, edition of January 29, 1888, p. 56.
  23. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , 33rd volume, No. 30, edition of March 11, 1891, p. 116.
  24. ^ Walter Hagenström: 60 years of medical readiness from the Red Cross in Lübeck. In: Lübeckische Blätter. 94th year, No. 88, pp. 195–198, here p. 198.
  25. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 13, No. 83, Edition October 15, 1871, p. 460.
  26. ↑ a b c From the annual report of the Patriotic Women's Association of the Rothen Kreuz. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 43, No. 5, edition of February 3, 1901, pp. 58–59.
  27. ↑ a b Women in Lübeck History
  28. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , 33rd volume, No. 30, edition of March 11, 1891, p. 191.
  29. ^ Dorothea Schlözer School
  30. ↑ Joach. Ludo. Albr. sen. Priess
  31. ↑ Georg Albr. jr. Priess
  32. ↑ James Carl Rehder
  33. ^ Wilhelm Marty
  34. ↑ Ad. Joh. Carl Hammerich
  35. ↑ Ed. Carl. Gust. Hofstaetter
  36. ↑ Local Notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 41, No. 6, edition of February 5, 1899, p. 67.
  37. ^ From the IV. Association days of the Rothen Kreuz in Heidelberg. by Emmy Türk in: Lübeckische Blätter , 41st volume, no. 25, edition of June 18, 1899, pp. 308-310.
  38. ^ From the IV. Association days of the Rothen Kreuz in Heidelberg. (End.) By Emmy Türk in: Lübeckische Blätter , 41st volume, no. 26, edition of June 25, 1899, pp. 319-320.
  39. ↑ Local Notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , 41st volume, No. 49, edition of December 3, 1899, p. 637.
  40. ↑ Paul Schellhas published the book in 1908 in Hartleben Verlag in Vienna : “At the limits of our knowledge. Dark Areas of Human History "
  41. ^ Letter from Moscow. by Emmy Tuerk in: Lübeckische Blätter , 42nd year, no. 38, edition of September 16, 1900, pp. 509-510.
  42. ↑ At this point the story is inconsistent. Her page on Wikipedia indicates that she only had one daughter. Eva's side shows that she was married to Wolf Ernst Hugo Emil von Baudissin at that time. He lived as an officer in Schleswig until 1899 and then in Dresden until 1906. Nowhere is there any evidence that she ever lived in the Courland. Titus is also out.
personal data
SURNAME Turk, Carl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Türk, Carl Adolph Georg Hermann (full name); Türk, Karl; Türck, Carl; Tuerk, Carl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor and city physician
DATE OF BIRTH September 28, 1838
PLACE OF BIRTH Rostock
DATE OF DEATH November 22, 1890
Place of death Lübeck