Christian Reimpell

Paul Friedrich Christian Reimpell (* 23. October 1858 in Lübeck ; † 5. February 1926 ibid ) was senior pastor at the Lübeck Cathedral .

Life

origin

Like many Protestant clergymen of that time, Reimpell came from a teacher's house as the second of three sons with three sisters. He was the son of Heinrich Ehregott Reimpell (* 1812; † July 12, 1896 in Lübeck) and Maria Dorothea Wilhelmine. Trained at the Katharineum and the teachers 'seminar , he was appointed second teacher on September 25, 1839 and Michaelis first teacher at the cathedral boys' school in 1863. When school closed, he retired at Easter 1872. After he had already done voluntary work in the library as a pupil , he was hired there on March 2, 1837 as a library assistant and was retired here on October 1, 1893 at his request. As early as January 26, 1892, he resigned as their head and Paul Lütge had been appointed as his successor. Six years after he left the school, the school authorities recognized him for his 56 years in the position.

His older brother, Johannes Christian (born October 29, 1848, † 1914), studied theology and was one of the founders of Northern Albingia . After passing the exam and holding a trial sermon, he and Theodor Zietz were accepted as candidates in the E. Ehr on July 1, 1872. Min. Recorded. Since the beginning of the new school year, he has been working as an assistant teacher at the Katharineum.

On January 4, 1874, the election for the vacant sermons began pastorate in which belonging to the Lübeck countryside village Nusse . Senior teacher Satori had waived and the candidates Reimpell and Tischler did not answer. After Carl J. Amann and Mertens, Heinrich Lindenberg preached on the 18th , followed by Theodor Zietz and Holm. The election sermons for the completed parish in Behlendorf were held on October 4, 1876 in St. Mary's Church by the candidates Reimpell and the following Saturday by Fischer. After the Schlutup pastor had given his farewell sermon there on September 30, 1877 as a result of his retirement, candidate Reimpell held an election sermon for his successor. Even the election sermon in Genin was unsuccessful. Instead of Reimpell, Pastor Fuchs from Steinhude zu Wunstorf was chosen there. In March of that year he, meanwhile owner of a private school in Nusse, was appointed pastor of the patronage parish of St. Abundus Church in Lassahn am Schaalsee .

On the theological discussion of Sunday rest, Sunday healing and the prohibition of Sunday work, Reimpell wrote the essay Biblical Justification of Sunday , which appeared in the monthly magazine of the Inner Mission in 1883 . In this he tried to show that the view should not be based on a divine commandment, but that the requirement should be biblically substantiated. The essay by the Treptow high school teacher Erich Haupt, Der Sonntag and the Bible , which appeared there in 1878, was for him only a negative foil of an anthropological argument.

With the departure of Pastor v. Tilling, as the second pastor in Travemünde , the church council brought the candidate Hermann Gädecke, the vicar of St. Jakobi Paul Lütge and him from Lauenburg to the election essay for St. Lorenz . Among the candidates for the election of a main pastor at the city ​​church in Heiligenhafen were two people from Lübeck, him and Franz Hermberg, suppleant of the St. Anschar Church , from Münsterdorf .

In July 1894, the Schleswig-Holstein consistory appointed Reimpell as second pastor at the Peter-Paul-Kirche in Oldesloe .

career

Like his brothers, he first attended the cathedral school. This school was named not only because of its location close to the cathedral church , but the old parish school had already been that of the cathedral parish . Already in the 1860s, long before the enactment of the Education Act in 1887 and the reorganization of the “Lübeck primary school system”, the lifelong attachment to the cathedral and its community grew. At Easter 1870 he was accepted into the quinta of the Katharineum and was almost always the first in his class from the quarta to the prima. Even in the lower grades it was clear to him that he would devote himself to the study of theology .

After passing the Abitur exam at Easter 1879, he moved to the University of Erlangen together with Johannes Evers, who later became senior citizen from Lübeck . On their two-day journey, they left the Lübeck train station on March 27, 1879 and stayed at the Wartburg in Eisenach .

During the first two semesters, as one-year volunteers, they fulfilled their military service and were shaped in the following three semesters by the dogmatist Franz Hermann Reinhold Frank and the New Testament scholar Theodor Zahn . In autumn 1881 Reimpell went to the University of Leipzig to the theological triumvirate Christoph Ernst Luthardt , Franz Delitzsch and Karl Friedrich August Kahnis who shone in the academic sky of theologians. As a liaison brother of Ernst Troeltsch and Wilhelm Bousset in the association that his brother helped establish, he became a Philistine . Together with his friend, Eduard Harder , shortly after Easter 1883 he passed the (at that time only) official theological examination before the examination board of the Ministry of Spirituality in Lübeck . As a ministerial candidate , he now worked as a teacher , as was the custom at the time to earn a living . As such, he taught at Miss Amalie Dethloff's girls' school, which later became the head of Ina Freese. As a young pastor, he was to teach here for a few years in addition to his church office .

Lübeck Cathedral

In addition to the sensitive main pastor Eginhard Petersen , Pastor Friedrich Luger was archdeacon in the cathedral parish . This man, a lifelong sick man, had the ungrateful task of only being allowed to preach in early church services or in the afternoon. The main pastors had the undisputed right to the main worship services. As an early preacher, however, Luger had a small, devoted audience, including Reimpell's father, one of the most faithful churchgoers in the community. Luger had blessed all of his children , followed Christian's theological development and wanted him to be his successor in office. On April 20, 1884 Reimpell held his election sermon for the retired Peter Hermann Munzenberger in St. Mary's Church , but without success . In the summer his election sermon for the retiring Pastor Luger was more successful and he was elected as pastor at the cathedral on October 1, 1884 . Johann Carl Lindenberg , Senior of the Spiritual Ministry in Lübeck, ordained the newly elected pastor on October 5th . Soon afterwards he moved into the rectory in Effengrube 2, which Luger had previously lived in .

At that time there were no local pastoral care districts , so Reimpell had to serve the whole community. The baptisms alternated between the two younger pastors on a weekly basis. When he took office, he was the youngest pastor in the parish and took over pastoral care in the general hospital on the south side of the cathedral.

At the beginning of 1888, the management of the recently constituted Lübeck district association of the German association against the abuse of spirits, founded in Kassel in 1883, was appointed. The Presidency took over Heinrich Alphons Plessing , the Board formed Ludwig Trummer , Physikus Carl Türk , Theodor Eschenburg , Nicolaus Bernhard Joachim Jürss and Reimpell.

In 1889, Johannes Becker again took over the chairmanship of the board of the Lübeck main association of the Gustav Adolf Foundation , Reimpell the deputy chairman, businessman Carl Hinrich Buck the treasury and head teacher Rudolph Groth the secretary.

Former V. School for young children

At the meeting of the Society for the Promotion of Charitable Activities on March 17, 1891, the members of the previous select committee for founding the school, to which Reimpell also belonged, were appointed head of the school. According to the report of the "Fifth Toddler School" in the house of the St. Jürgen Foundation, Ratzeburger Allee 23 , Ms. Reimpell also joined the board that year. The pastor of the Aegidienkirche , Paul Lütge , was elected in 1896 to replace Reimpell, who left the board . The following year, Ms. Reimpell left the board at her own request. Reimpell was elected by the company in place of Lütge, who in 1903 regularly resigned from the chiefs. At the meeting of February 23, 1909, the chief pastor was re-elected head of the school. With the approval of the company, the retiring Reimpell was re-elected to the board of the school at the meeting on December 14, 1915.

The feminine arms club of the "Association for Nursing by Protestant deaconesses" in front of the Mill Gate was for the participation granted the right in the construction of the third home, two voting representatives Reimpell and Mathilde Lindenberg, in its Board of Directors to appoint. In the same year, Mr. Reimpell and Mr. Paul Ewald Hasse were elected to accept contribution registrations or one-off gifts for the association .

On October 18, 1897, Reimpell held the first of the missionary lectures held monthly from then on in the Evangelical Club House , Fischstrasse 17 .

Following the adoption of church order of 8 December 1897, the establishment of pastoral districts in September 1898 significant turnaround occurred. The cathedral parish was divided into three pastoral care districts according to the number of its clergy, and Reimpell took over the so-called outer district. It soon became apparent that his rectory was too far from his district. The hospital also had to give way to the construction of the museum at the cathedral and was relocated in front of the mill gate. The parish council took this into account and in 1902 bought an almost completed house on St.-Jürgen-Ring (today part of the B 75 ) in the middle of the district, and turned it into a rectory, St. Jürgen-Ring, by adding a confirmation hall 8, um and 1903 it was to be obtained from Reimpell.

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  St. Jürgen Chapel

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  organ

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  Altar and pulpit

The Senate elected Reimpell at the beginning of 1900 as a civil deputy of the community orphan's council (Orphan Council).

Adlershorst

Reimpell's particular preference was, on the one hand, the children's church service and, on the other, the community evenings he set up in Adlershorst . Long before the First World War, hundreds of parishioners met regularly for them. The numerous helpers of the children's church service were his wife and came from the church evenings. The St. Jürgen Chapel , which had previously been used relatively much less frequently, was again to become a popular sermon site for the cathedral parish under him.

In addition to the congregation evenings, he held days once a week in the confirmation hall during the winters, where numerous congregation members gathered around him. He offered them spiritual stimulation, support and edification through vivid lectures from the most varied of areas.

In August 1908, Reimpell was elected as his successor in place of Petersen, who retired on August 1 as the main pastor at the cathedral.

Soldiers take the coffins coming from the main chapel

The war management of the IX. Army Corps of Altona was built at the beginning of the war one as Barack hospital designated military hospital , which was Germany's largest hospital in the war, on the castle field . For those who died there, the cemetery authorities had provisionally made the most beautiful place available behind the main chapel of the Vorwerk cemetery , for which the cemetery inspector August Langenbuch was responsible , as the construction of a grove was planned. The first burials took place in unadorned circumstances. There were already eight Germans in the trenches on one side and six, three Russian and three French, dead there when this changed on November 23, 1914 with great sympathy among the people of Lübeck. Soldiers carried the three coffins followed by a veiled banner carrying Marine club from like an old Vicelinkirche acting morgue in 1909 completed the main chapel. The second pastor of the garrison church was the military chaplain Carl Aereboe. This was there for the living, as when new recruits were sworn in, while the main pastor spoke at the soldiers' coffins at funeral services. On the way out wearing out of the chapel was playing policeman chapel mourning ways and from local regiment Asked honor accompanied presented . When the coffins were left in the brick-lined crypt , Reimpell prayed, mourning mages sounded and when they were silenced, three salvos of honor were given over the crypt.

Contacts between the regional church and the Jewish community were rare. On one of these incidents, Senior Pastor Reimpell and Senior Evers appeared in March 1919 as their representatives at the funeral of long-time rabbi Salomon Carlebach .

Five of the ten children and 13 of their grandchildren were still alive when his mother-in-law , Minna Rüdiger , died in February 1920. Reimpell conducted the funeral service on the afternoon of March 3rd in “his” chapel. His brother-in-law Hans Rüdiger , senior pastor at St. Laurentius in Schönberg (Mecklenburg) , gave the funeral speech . He concluded this with the words that formed the motto of life for his mother from 1 John 5 : 4  LUT : Our faith is the victory that has overcome the world .

Reimpell lived through the 750th anniversary of the cathedral in 1923 in full freshness. The main focus of the celebrations was his sermon on June 24th, which honored the importance of the day, followed by the actual speech of Pastor Balcke.

Soon after, the first signs of serious illness appeared. Shortly before the completion of his 40th year in office, this forced him to give up his office. The board of the Cathedral parish enabled him to 15 April 1925 in the retirement and appointed the second Pastor Herrmann Balcke under article 36 of the constitution of the church on 15 December 1924 to take the senior pastor of his new office at the end of the 15th April.

The festive service for the dedication of the memorial , based on a design by Asmus Jessen , had red clay tablets with over 800 names of the fallen in black, the cathedral parish on the Sunday of the dead , November 23, 1924, has not been held by him. The sermon was held by Pastor Balcke and Wilhelm Stahl accompanied the event on the organ . After the sermon, Pastor Franz Linde awaited the congregation at the entrance of the ambulatory where the panels were located. After its unveiling , he handed it over to the church council in the person of Hermann Julius Hartwig, whereupon the choir of the high school sang to the cathedral . Afterwards , Pastor Linde blessed the memorial.

On February 10, 1926, his funeral service took place in the cathedral at 10 a.m.

Old Testament research

In addition to his practical work, he continued to be involved in scientific research, where he was at home in the field of Old Testament research. As he was particularly encouraged by Delitzsch during his student years there, he took an active part in the progress of Old Testament research. At a time when the work of Julius Wellhausen had been rejected many times by a part of the scholarly world, Reimpell already recognized its far-reaching importance and tried to stay up to date by spending hours over the books tomorrow before the day's work began . Whenever a problem of Hebrew or even oriental literary history arose among his colleagues in office, they would say "We just want to ask Reimpell, he'll know."

Even with his son Walter, history and antiquity , especially the history and art of the ancient oriental peoples, found fertile ground early on and so he became a regular visitor to the nearby museum. In 1904 he went to the University of Marburg , where he began studying the Assyrian language under the direction of Peter Jensen, alongside the theological studies . He continued this under Fritz Hommel in Munich and also immersed himself in art treasures. In Berlin he was impressed by the theology lectures by Adolf von Harnack and Julius Kaftan . He continued his historical and Assyriological studies at lectures by Eduard Meyer and Delitzsch. In Göttingen , where he was impressed by Max Lehmann and where he studied the Arabic language under Wellhausen's guidance , he temporarily finished his studies with a thesis on Immanuel Kant and by taking the senior teacher examination . From Michaelmas in 1908, as a one-year volunteer , he fulfilled his military service in the infantry of the Prussian Army of the Grand Ducal Mecklenburg Fusilier Regiment "Kaiser Wilhelm" No. 90 in Rostock . Then he came back to Göttingen to work on Arabic manuscripts from the Old Testament . At that time, a scientific assignment took him to Paris for four weeks and, on Easter 1911, prompted him to travel to Milan , Florence, Rome and Venice . At Easter 1912 he went back to Berlin to study the Assyrian-Babylonian language, history, religion and art. Michaelis of the year he became a scientific assistant at the Near Eastern Department of the Royal Museums and continued his historical and linguistic studies under Delitzsch and Meyer. Scientific trips took him to London and for several weeks to Constantinople . His work on the result of his studies in the field of Assyrian art archeology, he completed shortly before the outbreak of war. In the mobilization he came as sergeant and warrant officer to his regiment to the West and took on to Brussels invasion part. Awarded the Iron Cross in September and promoted to lieutenant in the reserve, at the end of October he was transferred to another regiment to the east . During an attack on a Russian trench on December 11, 1914, he was hit first in the arm and then by three more bullets. Eduard Meyer published his posthumous work on the history of Babylonian and Assyrian clothing with an appreciative foreword in 1921.

In the house of the non-profit Reimpell gave the lectures “Struggle between Judaism and Greece in the Old Testament.” On February 13, 1912, “Job, a struggle for God and the real thing.” On February 11, 1913, “From ancient Israelite poetry. "On February 10, 1914," "on December 7, 1915," Mithras and Christ, a struggle for world domination. "On February 29, 1916," Palestine 3000 years ago. "On March 13, 1917," The Reformation of King Josiah and its significance for the history of religion. ”On February 26, 1918 as well as“ Paul and the religious life in the Greco-Roman world of his time. ”On December 3, 1918 in winter about the religious imaginations and the religious figures of the Old Testament .

family

In spring 1885 Reimpell married Magdalena, a daughter of Pastor Rüdiger zu Hinrichshagen in Mecklenburg-Strelitz . Her mother Minna, née Waack, was a well-known writer from Lübeck .

Magdalena was an active member of the St. Jürgen women's association . As a member of the board, she was re-elected as one of the four board members elected for three years at the ordinary meeting of the St. Jürgen women's association on May 9, 1902. She was also part of the board of directors of the 5th school for young children.

When he died he had already survived two of his sons who had died in the war. In addition to his wife, he left Elisabeth Reimpell in Kiel , his son Jürgen, who lives with his wife in Berlin, his second daughter Klara Reimpell and three grandchildren.

literature

• Senior Pastor Christian Reimpell. by D. Johannes Evers In: Lübeckische Blätter , 68th year, no. 9, edition of February 28, 1926, pp. 134-136.
• Senior Pastor Christian Reimpell †. In: Vaterstädtische Blätter , year 1925/26, No. 11, edition of February 28, 1926, p. 41.

Web links

Commons : Christian Reimpell  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Working hours and Sunday rest

Individual evidence

1. ^ Society for the promotion of charitable activities. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 34, No. 8, edition of January 27, 1892, p. 48.
2. ↑ Heinrich Ehregott Reimpell †. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 38, No. 41, edition of July 19, 1896, p. 316.
3. ^ The Christian-German student union Nordalbingia "Fest und Treu"
4. ↑ Theodor Zietz was the son of Pastor Zietz, later became chief pastor of the Petrikirche and died one morning in December 1912 a few hours before he was supposed to marry a couple.
5. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 14, No. 53, edition of July 3, 1872, p. 296.
6. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 14, No. 29, Edition of April 4, 1872, p. 160.
7. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 16, No. 1, edition of January 4, 1874, p. 8.
8. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 18, No. 80, edition of October 4, 1876, p. 482.
9. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 19, No. 79, Edition of October 3, 1877, p. 448.
10. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 20, No. 9, Edition of January 29, 1878, p. 48.
11. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 20, No. 19, edition of March 5, 1878, p. 108.
12. ^ Friedrich Heckmann (theologian) : Working hours and Sunday rest: statements on Sunday work as a contribution to church social criticism in the 19th century. , Verlag Die Blaue Eule, Essen 1986, ISBN 3-924368-90-2
13. ↑ Working hours and Sunday rest
14. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 31, No. 36, May 5, 1889 edition, p. 208.
15. ^ Pastor Franz Hermberg was the father of the economist Paul Hermberg .
16. ↑ Local and mixed notes. with reference to the Hamburg Correspondents In: Lübeckische Blätter , 35th year, No. 64, edition of August 9, 1893, p. 376.
17. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 36, No. 57, edition of July 18, 1894, p. 394.
18. ↑ Eduard Harder later became a pastor in Nusse and contributed significantly to the financing of the “new” church there .
19. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 26, No. 33, Edition of April 23, 1884, p. 208.
20. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 26, No. 67, Edition August 20, 1884, p. 411.
21. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 26, No. 79, Edition October 1, 1884, p. 484.
22. ↑ The Museum am Dom was built on the site of the General Hospital when it was demolished.
23. ↑ Jürss was as owner of the company JJ Jürss merchant of groceries - action .
24. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 30, No. 9, edition of January 29, 1888, p. 56.
25. ↑ Carl Hinrich Buck was a partner in the company Wm. Stiehl & Co.
26. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 31, No. 96, Edition of December 1, 1889, p. 562.
27. ^ Society z. Convey. charitable work. In: Lübeckische Blätter , 33rd volume, No. 22, edition of March 18, 1891, p. 127.
28. ^ Society for the promotion of charitable activities. In: Lübeckische Blätter , 34th volume, No. 60, edition of July 30, 1892, pp. 350–351.
29. ^ Society for the promotion of charitable activities. In: Lübeckische Blätter , 38th volume, no. 64, edition of December 25, 1896, pp. 567-568.
30. ^ Society for the promotion of charitable activities. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 39, No. 28, edition of July 11, 1897, pp. 345–346.
31. ^ Report on the Fifth. In: Lübeckische Blätter , 45th volume, no. 25, edition of July 21, 1903, pp. 345–346.
32. ^ Society for the promotion of charitable activities. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 51, No. 9, edition of February 28, 1909, pp. 117–118.
33. ^ Society for the promotion of charitable activities. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 57, No. 51, Edition of December 19, 1915, pp. 117–118.
34. ^ Mathilde Lindenberg was the widow of the economist Carl Wilhelm Lindenberg, who had died a year earlier .
35. ↑ First supplement. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 38, No. 57, Edition of November 8, 1896, p. 437.
36. ↑ Annual report of the female poor association in front of the mill gate. In: Lübeckische Blätter , 38th volume, no. 61, edition of December 6, 1896, pp. 522–523.
37. ↑ Local and mixed notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 39, No. 42, edition of October 17, 1897, p. 565.
38. ↑ Local Notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 42, No. 2, edition of January 7, 1900, p. 30.
39. ↑ Local Notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 50, No. 33, edition of August 16, 1908, p. 479.
40. ↑ War cemetery for the German dead of the First World War
41. ↑ War cemetery of the Russian dead of the First World War
42. ↑ The Lübeck Navy Association had found the previous type of burial unworthy and implemented corresponding changes, such as the decoration of the coffins, as a so-called honorary task.
43. ↑ In the graveyard of the fallen warriors. In: Lübeck advertisements . 166th vol., No. 595, edition of November 24, 1914.
44. ↑ Hansjörg Buss: "Entjudete" Church. The Lübeck regional church between Christian anti-Judaism and ethnic anti-Semitism (1918-1950) . Schöningh, Paderborn 2011, ISBN 978-3-506-77014-1 , p. 172
45. ↑ To the cathedral jubilee. In: Lübeckische Blätter , 65th year, no. 25, edition of June 24, 1923, pp. 281–308.
46. ↑ The cathedral jubilee. In: Lübeckische Blätter , 65th volume, no. 26, edition of July 1, 1923, pp. 313–314.
47. ^ Cathedral parish. In: Lübecker Volksbote , Volume 31, No. 295, issue of December 17, 1924, 1st supplement.
48. ^ Under On Sunday of the Dead. Section at the cathedral. In: Lübecker General-Anzeiger , Volume 43, 2nd Supplement, No. 276, edition of November 25, 1924.
49. ↑ Walter Reimpell: History of the Babylonian and Assyrian clothing . Ed .: Eduard Meyer . Publishing house K. Curtius, Berlin 1921.
50. ^ Society for the promotion of charitable activities. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 54, No. 8, edition of February 18, 1912, p. 102.
51. ^ Society for the promotion of charitable activities. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 55, No. 7, edition of February 16, 1913, p. 106.
52. ^ Society for the promotion of charitable activities. In: Lübeckische Blätter , 56th volume, no. 7, edition of February 15, 1914, pp. 117–118.
53. ^ Society for the promotion of charitable activities. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 57, No. 50, edition of December 12, 1915, p. 734.
54. ^ Society for the promotion of charitable activities. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 58, No. 10, edition of March 5, 1916, p. 149.
55. ^ Society for the promotion of charitable activities. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 59, No. 11, edition of March 18, 1917, p. 162.
56. ^ Society for the promotion of charitable activities. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 60, No. 9, edition of March 3, 1918, pp. 101-102.
57. ^ Society for the promotion of charitable activities. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 60, No. 49, Edition of December 8, 1918, p. 610.
58. ↑ Local Notes. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 44, No. 20, edition of May 18, 1902, p. 261.
59. ↑ In the cemetery of honor in their hometown, a memorial stone, which is now heavily weathered, was erected for Walter and Herrmann, the sons of the main pastor who remained during the war.
60. ↑ At the time of his death, his daughter Elisabeth was a schoolteacher . Later she went to Hamburg, where she was later accused by the director of studies, Lüth, of not being able to convert her to the National Socialist worldview.
61. ^ State Center for Political Education Hamburg - Richard Lüth