Ehrenfriedhof (Lübeck)
The Ehrenfriedhof is a central memorial in Lübeck for the civil and military victims of both world wars. It is about five hectares (50,000 m 2 ) in size, includes 1882 graves and around 500 memorial stones. It is located on Travemünder Allee at the intersection of Sandberg / Heiliger-Geist-Kamp and opposite the Burgtorfriedhof .
history
At the beginning of November 1914, the cemetery authorities applied to the "High Senate" to provide her with a place to set up a war cemetery in accordance with the instructions of the garden inspector Harry Maasz . According to the original plan, there should be a memorial stone inside the facility.
The Senate approved the project in January 1915 and assigned the facility a place north of the Burgtorfriedhof on Israelsdorfer Allee (today: Travemünder Allee). War graves, whose burials had taken place in the Vorwerk cemetery since October 1914 , were subsequently reburied.
Access was blocked after storm Herwart devastated the Ehrenfriedhof at the end of October 2017. Herwart had overturned around 50 beeches and oaks, some of which were 180 to 190 years old, and many gravestones were damaged. In January 2018, the repair of the damage began. At the beginning of July 2018, the cemetery was partially accessible again. The work with partial closure dragged on until the end of January 2019. In total, almost a hundred old trees had to be felled.
Architecture and horticulture
The cemetery is designed as a grove with many sculptures surrounded by wooded hills. The individual fields are laid out in a staircase. The cemetery is planted with beeches, oaks, yews and rhododendrons.
On the wrought-iron wings of the gate of the main portal and the portal to the burial ground of the cemetery, the Hanseatic Cross , order of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck during the First World War, was indicated in their centers .
A side portal is located on Sandberg Street. Opposite is the side portal of the Burgtorfriedhof. This enables (e) a quick transition between the cemeteries.
Another entrance to the cemetery of honor is opposite the side portal to a path along the rails.
War cemeteries
First World War
The Lübeck Cemetery of Honor was opened on June 6, 1915. The hour of edification with singing and sermon , which the Kücknitzer pastor Kurt Ziesenitz had based on verse 5 of the 3rd chapter of the 2nd book of Moses from the Luther Bible , took place in front of the actual "Heroes' Place". Then the gates of the grove opened . With the mayor, Johann Hermann Eschenburg , and the commander of the reserve battalion of the local regiment, Colonel von Kuenheim, at the head, members of the Senate and the officer corps , members of the citizenry and other guests of honor as well as the warriors' associations united in the National Warrior Association walked along the graves.
At the head of the dead, a wreath of blooming Alpine roses wound around the oval of the enclosure . They glowed red in one section of the cemetery and blue in the other. While the second half of the site, below the steps, was still unused, over 50 "heroes" were already buried in the first courtyard.
The complex consisted of an oval and a semicircular rectangular burial ground, surrounded by a grove of honor with memorial stones. In 1917 the fields were extended by an alley and another circular grave field. Due to the length of the war , an extension of the cemetery by two more fields on the other side of the avenue was planned, but no longer realized.
Second World War
The victims of the Second World War are buried in three separate grave fields. During the Second World War, it was decided to expand the existing one from the First World War instead of the one that was spatially separated from this cemetery. The building director Hans Pieper suggested that this be done by means of an axis of new grave fields, which intersected the original one in the so-called forecourt. According to the spatial conditions, a circular grave field was created on Travemünder Allee and another oval-shaped one on the other side, bordering on Sandberg Street. After the air raid on Lübeck on March 29, 1942, this was followed by a third circular, Palmarum 1942 victim , for their civilian victims. The Lord Mayor, Dr. Drechsler - as a soldier once with the Lübeck regiment in World War I - personally approved this.
Care of the war graves
The graves are cared for by the Hanseatic City of Lübeck. Theoretical knowledge about the Second World War was deepened by pupils of the Emil-Possehl-Schule by repairing gravestones and sidewalks and thus confronted with the fate of those buried here.
Memorials and memorials
On the grave fields there are three monuments commemorating the victims of the wars. At the memorial of the praying warrior, wreaths for all those who died during the wars are laid annually on the day of national mourning.
- Memorials
Helmet off to prayer
Dying warrior
The mother
Helmet off to prayer
In 1924, the artist Richard Kuöhl created the approx. 4 m high statue Helm ab zur Prayer as a central memorial for the infantry regiment "Lübeck" (3rd Hanseatic) No. 162 to commemorate the victims of this unit.
On 29 July 1919, the Senate approved the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck to the settlement agent of Infantry Regiment Lübeck using the funds from the regiment's own Loigny Foundation the establishment of the then developing the central memorial site of the cemetery memorial.
The inscription at the foot of the statue reads:
- 1914–1918 / the fallen heroes / the Inf. Regts. Lübeck / 3. Hanseatic No. 162/85 officers / 1755 NCOs and men.
framed in the opening movement from Ludwig Uhland's The Good Comrade
- I had a comrade you won't find a better one
The substructure of the figure and the wall surrounding it in a semicircle with the annual boards, on which the locations are noted, were produced according to a design by the senior building officer Friedrich Wilhelm Virck in collaboration with the architect Max Meyer. Harry Maasz created the garden design.
The original plan to place the monument in the forecourt or at the gate entrance itself was abandoned and the issue of space was resolved thanks to a suggestion from Maasz. The intended inauguration of the memorial was scheduled for July 29, 1923. However, out of consideration for the announced activities of the Communist Party , which had announced a demonstration Sunday for that day , it was omitted and, it was said, postponed to better times. The monument was unveiled in silence .
Dying warrior
At the entrance of the second field is the sculpture created by Fritz Behn for his fallen brother-in-law, captain and lawyer Hans Küstermann .
Inscription on the front of the base:
The one who was dearest to me, let it be a greeting of love to
all who fell like him, painful thanks once
The inscription on the back reminds of the occasion of the installation:
In memory of
Dr. jur. Hans Küstermann
fallen in the priest forest 1915.
The mother
The sculpture The Mother, created around 1960 by the Rheiner artist Joseph Krautwald from shell limestone, stands on the field of Sacrifice Palmarum 1942 .
Funerary monuments
- Graves
War volunteer , missing in 1916, killed in 1942
The graves and memorial stones are recorded by computer. In addition to monuments for individuals, there are also a number of them for groups of people, clubs and associations.
Harry Maasz
On August 29, 1946, Harry Maasz was the last person to be buried in the cemetery of honor at the exit of First Field . His is the only grave of the cemetery of honor that is still recognizable as such today.
The quote from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe is from his tombstone :
- Give everything / the gods the / infinite / your darlings / genes all / joys the / infinite / all pains the infinite / all
framed by
- The creator of the (right) Lübeck (above) Ehrenfriedhofs (left)
- Harry Maasz / * 1880 † 1946
Since the lettering on the edge is no longer there today, only the initiated know today that the deceased creator of the cemetery is lying there.
Memorial stones
Professional fire brigade Lübeck
Stone slab with the following inscription:
- The professional fire brigade Lübeck / honors the memory of their relatives who died for the / fatherland
Walter Boy-Ed
Georg Roemer created a column with a triangular shaft , the capital of which is adorned with a guard helmet .
- Inscription on the front: Walter Boy-Ed / Hauptmann Batteriechef / I. Garde Fuss-Artillerie-Regt. / Spandau / PS 31 V-16y / My time is / in your hands / save me from the / hand of my enemies / and from those who persecute / me.
- If we go around the column counterclockwise, we find on the second area: BORN / MAY 17, 1874 / LVBECK / VERWUNDET /. SEPTEMBER 1914 / NAUROY / DIED / SEPTEMBER 23, 1914 / REIMS
- The third area provides information about which medals he has received in the course of his life
It was the first memorial stone erected in the grove of honor.
Julius Leber
Natural stone with bronze plate - inscription:
- Julius Leber / born November 16, 1891 / executed January 5, 1945 / Upright is timely / o brothers
The last two lines are a quote from Friedrich Nietzsche's work Also sprach Zarathustra .
Guard Corps Lübeck
Inscription:
- The ones who died in the / battle of 1914–1918 for the / homeland / association of former comrades / of the Lübeck Guard Corps
Lübeck-Büchener railway company
At the inauguration ceremony on March 6, 1921, pastor Wilhelm Mildenstein from the Luther Church unveiled the memorial stone for the civil servants and workers of the Lübeck-Büchener railway company who died in the war .
This is a granite stone, which in its obelisk shape with massive interruption by a protruding, architecturally articulated cornice , rising in counter effect, abruptly interrupting the emerging, on a massive base. The foundation should embody defiant tenacity.
On the front, under the winged wheel , the symbol of the railway , is the dedication to the fallen:
- The memory / of those in the fight / for the fatherland / fallen / officials and / workers of the / Lübeck-Büchener / railway
- (and later supplemented by)
- and / Bundesbahn / in the two / world wars
On the other three pages there are 118 names sorted by year.
The inscriptions are no longer legible today.
At the instigation of the employees' committee of the Lübeck-Büchener railway company, the Lübeck architects Schürer & Siebert made the design . It was carried out by Ludwig Bruhn vorm's Lübeck Granite and Marble Works . Plettner & Bruhn .
Lübeck medical column
Memorial stone with an inscription in memory of the fallen members of the Lübeck medical column :
- SK v. RK (Medical Column of the Red Cross) / DEM GEDÄCHTNIS / OUR DEAD / 1914 1918
- (added after the Second World War)
- DRC
- 1939-1945
Gardening
Stone slab in natural stone wall - inscription:
- The Lübeck gardening partnership honors / the memory of their relatives who have died for the fatherland /
Male choir
Stone slab in brick column - inscription:
- 1914–1918 / The Lübeck Men's Choir its fallen soldiers
Reserve Infantry Regiment 215
The Lübeck children's regiment belonged to the 46th Reserve Division . In September 1918 it came close to Ligny-en-Cambrésis for Infantry Regiment "Lübeck" and went on as a substitute in this.
On May 26th and 27th, 1923, the division held its division day in Lübeck and on the morning of the 27th consecrated the stone slab memorial with the inscription:
- Our dead / Res. Inf. Rgt. 215 / 1914-1918
a. After the ceremony, a roll call should be held on the Burgfeld . A demonstration organized by the Social Democrats impaired and the Communists disturbed it. There was a riot , which was pushed back by the green police.
Municipal building authority
On September 17, 1922, the memorial for the fallen of the building authorities was unveiled.
This is a simple, towering granite column on which the names of all the fallen above the inscription that is still legible today
- 1914–1918 / the fallen of the building authority
were listed. The names of the fallen are no longer legible today.
A steel helmet resting on oak leaves on the base indicates the importance of the stone.
The pillar was the dominant moment in the middle of a green space next to a single tree in the middle of the space. Since the shape of the column adapted to the tree trunk, its place was considered to be favorable at the time. The memorial was built by the company Rechtglaub according to the design of the senior building officer Friedrich Wilhelm Virck . His ornamental jewelry was made by the sculptor Emil Köhne .
During the Second World War, the green space became burial ground I. The effect of the column, before the war only low stones surrounded the space, has been preserved.
- Memorial stones
Memorial stone of the Lübeck men's choir
Bearer of the Lübeck Hanseatic Cross
Karl Capell
Eduard Kulenkamp
unknown as it can no longer be deciphered
Asmus Krickhuhn
Paul Friedrich Brattström
Funerary monuments that originally stood elsewhere
Katharineum
The monument was originally on the Katharineumswiese in Israelsdorf . However, since this did not offer a worthy framework for this in the eyes of the Katharineer , negotiations with the cemetery administration were carried out with their approval.
This memorial stone of the Katharineum was placed somewhat hidden in the cemetery of honor. A designation of origin is missing; however, the symbol of the school (sword and wheel) can be clearly identified. The inscription reads:
- Our dead / in memory / the youth / for reflection and warning / AD 1950
Memorial stone for the 162 who fell in German South West Africa
Plaque of the memorial stone donated to the regiment by the Comradeship Association of 76 and 162 in Lübeck for the tenth anniversary of the regiment for the former members of the regiment who fell in German South West Africa .
It originally stood in the barracks yard of the barracks (renamed Meesen barracks in the Third Reich ) of the former 1st Battalion.
The whereabouts of the stone is unknown.
MGK of the 162nd
Memorial stone for the fallen soldiers of the machine gun company of the “Lübeck” infantry regiment (3rd Hanseatic) No. 162
Unknown aviator
Pilot who crashed in the last days of the war near Niendorf.
The memorial stone erected there was moved to the Ehrenfriedhof in 1999.
Funerary monuments that originally stood here
Groszheim'sche Realschule
On December 17, 1922, the association of former von Groszheim'scher Realschüler e. V. the memorial stone for the schoolmates who stayed in the field.
A warrior who has fallen on his knees has thrust the sword into the ground, be it for support or as a sign of defenselessness. But he holds the victory wreath firmly in his right hand, trusting in a better future for his fatherland.
A grave field for war dead from the Second World War was later built at the site of the monument. The field cut off a path to various other monuments. In order to reach it today, the visitor to the cemetery is forced to cut through the bushes surrounding the field. However, the monument was spared this fate. It was moved to the end of the soldiers avenue in the Vorwerker cemetery .
The monument comes from the sculptor Max Preibisch zu Hamburg und Boizenburg , a student of the Viennese professor Baron Edmund von Hellmer . The chosen material, shell limestone , gives the whole thing a warm expression that increases over time due to the weather.
The type of memorial differed from the most common ones, and it was an ornament of the time when the honor grove was becoming ever richer .
Ludwig Ewers set the school in his grandfather town , which appeared in 1926, as a literary monument as the von Hohenstein School .
Further war cemeteries in Lübeck
- German war cemetery Vorwerker Friedhof
- Vorwerker cemetery with war cemeteries from different nations from the First and Second World War
- Waldhusen cemetery with war graves of soldiers and refugees from the Second World War
See also
literature
- Wilfried Fick: Lübeck cemeteries. Cemetery of honor. Hanseatic City of Lübeck - Department of Planning and Building, Lübeck 2010 ( Lübeck plans and builds 103, ISSN 0933-193X ).
- Carl Rissom: A rune stone in the Lübeck cemetery of honor. In: The home. Monthly publication of the association for the care of natural and regional studies in Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Lübeck and the Principality of Lübeck. 32 (1922), issue 3
- Harry Maasz: Lübeck's Ehrenfriedhof and Ehrenhain. In: Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung No. 61, 42nd year, edition from July 29, 1922. Document server of the Central and State Library Berlin
Web links
- Ehrenfriedhof , information from the Hanseatic City of Lübeck
- Plan of the cemetery of honor at stadtentwicklung.luebeck.de
- War graves Ehrenfriedhof at stadtentwicklung.luebeck.de
- Website of the Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge (work of the Volksbund and description of the war cemetery in Lübeck, Travemünder Allee)
- Cemetery of honor on garden routes between the seas
Remarks
- ↑ Sabine Risch: Ehrenfriedhof: Now is being tidied up, Lübecker Nachrichten, January 9, 2018, p. 11
- ↑ Ehrenfriedhof partially accessible , Lübecker Nachrichten, 11./12. July 2018, p. 11
- ↑ Ehrenfriedhof reopened. In: Lübecker Nachrichten, February 1, 2019, p. 12.
- ↑ Ehrenfriedhof. In: Hanseatic City of Lübeck: The cemetery guide. Mammut-Verlag Leipzig, 2nd edition, pp. 52 to 55.
- ↑ Schleswig-Holstein Chamber of Agriculture (ed.): Garden routes between the seas. Route 5: Lübeck. 2nd revised edition, Kiel, May 2010
- ↑ Exodus - Chapter 3
- ↑ Kurt Ziesenitz: Memorial speech in honor of the fallen on June 6, 1915 at the opening of the Association Day of the National Warrior Association at the cemetery of honor in Lübeck. Lübeck: Lübeck publishing house Otto Waelde Komm.-Ges. 1915
- ↑ Memorial service in the Ehrenfriedhof. ; In: Father-city sheets. Born 1915, No. 37, edition of June 13, 1915, pp. 149–151.
- ↑ Raking and scrubbing against oblivion. In: Lübecker Nachrichten of November 15, 2014, p. 15. Author abbreviation han.
- ↑ Memory of the victims of the wars. In: Lübecker Nachrichten of November 18, 2014, p. 14. Author abbreviation mg.
- ↑ Richard Kuöhl, after training in his home town of Meissen, he studied in Dresden. K. is based in Hamburg from 1912 and is known for his incredible creative power. In the 1920s and 1930s, for example, he created around 50 war memorials and a large number of design elements on buildings in Hamburg (including a terracotta sculpture on the front of the famous Davidswache in Hamburg-S.Pauli)
- ^ Otto Dziobek : History of the Infantry Regiment Lübeck (3rd Hanseatic) No. 162, 1st edition 1922.
- ↑ The memorial of the Lübeck regiment. , in: Von Lübeck's Towers , Volume 33, No. 16, Issue of August 11, 1923, p. 64.
- ↑ Category: Newsreel. In: Vaterstädtische Blätter , year 1922/23, No. 23, edition of August 12, 1923, p. 92.
- ↑ Fritz Behn, after attending school in Lübeck Katharineum and receiving artistic training, Behn becomes a volunteer in the First World War. Then advocate of nationalist ideas. Behn is known for a number of animal sculptures ( antelope in front of Lübeck's Holstentor ; panther in Lübeck's school garden )
- ↑ In memory of the fallen. New brochure on the Ehrenfriedhof in the series “Lübecks Friedhöfe” has been published. In: Lübecker Stadtzeitung from May 4, 2010, p. 3
- ↑ Wilfried Fick: Lübeck cemeteries. Cemetery of honor. Hanseatic City of Lübeck - Department of Planning and Building, Lübeck 2010 ( Lübeck plans and builds 103, ISSN 0933-193X ), page 26.
- ↑ A comparison with the texts shows that the reference refers to the Luther Bible (1545) .
- ↑ Father-city sheets ; Lübeck, November 21, 1915, article: Memorial stones in the Ehrenhain
- ↑ Lübecker General-Anzeiger , edition of October 22, 1915, No. 248a.
- ↑ Julius Leber neither fought for the Lübeck people in the war, nor was he born in Lübeck or died in Lübeck due to the war. Accordingly, his memorial stone, which undoubtedly has its justification to stand in the cemetery of honor, would actually not have any authorization.
- ↑ The foundation was supposed to symbolize the defiant tenacity with which the railway workers would have done their duty to the end during the World War.
- ↑ The memorial stone for civil servants and workers of the Lübeck-Büchener railway company who died in the war. , in: Vaterstädtische Blätter ; Vol. 1920/21, No. 13, edition of March 13, 1921, p. 51.
- ↑ The writer Werner Beumelburg was to later coined the term children's regiments. In his books, he referred to the new regiments deployed in Flanders , consisting of inexperienced volunteers , and whose crews he had also belonged to at the time, as children's regiments because of the age of their soldiers .
- ↑ See in this context also the memorial stone of the war volunteer "Paul Burmeister".
- ↑ Weekly Chronicle. In: Vaterstädtische Blätter , year 1922/23, No. 18, edition of June 3, 1923, p. 72.
- ↑ Cenotaph for the dead of the building authorities. , in: Von Lübeck's Towers , Volume 33, No. 23, Edition of November 18, 1922, p. 92.
Coordinates: 53 ° 53 ′ 10 " N , 10 ° 42 ′ 34" E