Lübeck Volksbote
The Lübecker Volksbote was a German daily newspaper published in the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck and its surroundings. Until 1933 it was a social democratic , then a national socialist daily newspaper.
The best-known editor-in-chief was Julius Leber . The future Chancellor and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Willy Brandt , born in Lübeck, wrote for the newspaper under his maiden name Herbert Frahm as a schoolboy before he emigrated to Norway.
history
The Lübecker Volksbote was founded in 1894. Otto Friedrich was the chief editor until 1904 . Since he was convicted of press offenses several times, he was removed from office in 1904. Lübeck workers gathered the start-up capital four years after the end of the Socialist Law , the law against the publicly dangerous endeavors of social democracy . The workers' associations and professional groups, such as those of the port and tobacco workers, held collections to raise funds for the establishment of the newspaper. The newspaper was run by the open trading company Friedrich Meyer & Co .; Friedrich Meyer acted as trustee. He was a member of the press commission , which was a partner and controlled both the technical and editorial operations. In 1904 the typesetter and later senator and first social democratic mayor Lübeck Paul Löwigt became editor. The newspaper, which was mainly financed by subscriptions, had a circulation of 7,000 copies as early as 1914; it had grown to 14,000 by 1932.
In 1896, Erich Mühsam's educational career was influenced by his work as a people's messenger. He was expelled from the Katharineum in Lübeck after he had informed the editors about what was going on at the school. From 1904 to 1919 Johannes Stelling was editor of the newspaper. Starting in 1923, contributions were made by Karl Albrecht . In 1919 Otto Friedrich returned to the post of editor-in-chief. Julius Leber became editor-in-chief of the newspaper in 1921. He headed the editorial department until March 1933. In 1928, the OHG Buchdruckerei Friedrich Meyer & Co. renamed Wullenwever Druckverlag GmbH . Max Blunck became managing director of the GmbH. The newspaper came into the possession of the SPD. The share capital, which until then was 20,000 Reichsmarks, was increased to 220,000.
In relation to the other three Lübeck newspapers, which were also published daily at the time, the Volksbote reported in only one issue on the VI, which took place in June 1911 in the Hanseatic city . German Esperanto Congress . The scribe was the only one to complain that a telegram had been sent to the emperor. He stated that the sense of purpose, since the emperor had never been interested in Esperanto with a preference , was questionable.
Towards the end of the First World War , a soldiers 'council and a workers' council were also formed in Lübeck. At the head of the workers' council was Johannes Stelling, an editor of the paper. All the resolutions passed in the council were printed here, as the other newspapers such as the Lübeckische Werbung let their readers know. On the evening of November 5, 1918 at 7 p.m., a meeting of the soldiers' council took place in the union building, chaired by Hans Zeitz and his deputy W. Rethfeldt. Then closed trains of soldiers and sailors left to occupy the post office, the train station and the barracks, to disarm the officers and to intern those higher in charge in the "Hotel International", Am Bahnhof 17 . The fact that the situation relaxed again in the course of the next day was evident from the fact that the rail traffic, which had been suspended due to the station occupation, was resumed.
From 1930 Paul Bromme was part of the editorial team . Politics editor was Fritz Solmitz , who was a college friend of Lebers and came to Lübeck in 1924. Solmitz took the young Herbert Frahm (better known as Willy Brandt ) under his journalistic care. The high school student wrote his first essay for the newspaper at the age of 13, later wrote political articles and edited political news under Solmitz's direction.
Leber and Solmitz attacked the conservative Hanseatic Volksbund and the Lübeck General-Anzeiger , which was close to it, with a pointed pen . From 1932, Leber and Solmitz fought journalistic battles with the NSDAP organ Lübeck Observer . The observer openly threatened them with violence several times.
In February 1933, Reich Minister of the Interior Wilhelm Frick , at the urging of local NSDAP members, demanded that the Lübeck Senate, the state government of the Free and Hanseatic City, ban the People's Newspaper, which the Senate rejected on February 14, 1933. The Reichstag Fire Ordinance of February 28, 1933 provided the excuse for a two-week ban. The next issue of the Volksbote came out on March 20, 1933. In addition to the Lübeck newspaper, only five social democratic newspapers were published in Germany on April 1, 1933. Leber, Solmitz and the editor Hermann Bauer were already in protective custody for the National Socialists at this point in time .
National Socialist People's Representative for the People's Messenger was August Glasmeier; the newspaper was brought into line in May 1933. In July 1933 it still had 7,000 subscribers. The Volksbote building on Dr.-Julius-Leber-Straße , which was then called Johannisstraße, was destroyed in the night of March 29, 1942 during an air raid on Lübeck . In October 1942, the Volksbote was forcibly merged with the Lübecker General-Anzeiger , in which the NSDAP had initially taken over 30 percent in 1936 and acquired a further 21 percent in 1942, to form the Lübecker Zeitung . The newspaper had the names Lübecker Volksbote and Lübecker General-Anzeiger in the subtitle. The last edition of the Lübecker Zeitung appeared on May 2, 1945.
Lübeck Free Press
After the end of the Second World War , the Lübeck Free Press was founded in Lübeck as a newspaper close to the SPD , which had a circulation of 83,000 newspapers until the currency reform in 1948 . Erwin Riegel was part of the editorial team from 1949 and Ingeborg Sommer from the 1950s ; The artist Curt Stoermer worked as a critic for the newspaper. Björn Engholm , who later became Prime Minister of Schleswig-Holstein, did his apprenticeship as a typesetter in the printing works from 1959 to 1962 . The Lübeck Free Press later appeared under the title Lübecker Morgen , and from 1965 onwards, Hans-Jürgen Wolter was employed . The last editor-in-chief was Wilhelm Geusendamm. The last issue appeared on March 31, 1969.
literature
Markus Oddey: A piece of social democratic lifestyle: The "Lübeck Volksbote" between Weimar Republic and "Third Reich" in Democratic History - Yearbook for Schleswig-Holstein Volume 16, Schleswig-Holsteinischer Geschichtsverlag / Society for Politics and Education eV (Ed.), Malente 2004, pp. 109-120, ISBN 3-933862-36-1
Web links
- Digital copies of all years up to 1933 at the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung
Footnotes and individual references
- ↑ see also the history of the Lübeck daily newspapers
- ↑ The company still exists today as Dräger + Wullenwever print + media Lübeck GmbH & Co. KG . In 1995 it was still a subsidiary of the printing company Deutz GmbH in Bonn as Wullenweber Druck GmbH and on October 1, 1995 took over the commercial printing company of Lübecker Nachrichten GmbH , which was spun off on January 1, 1995 under the name Print + Media Lübeck GmbH.
- ^ The 6th German Esperanto Congress in Lübeck. In: Lübecker Volksbote , Volume 18, No. 130, edition of June 7, 1911.
- ^ Upheaval in Lübeck. ; In: Lübecker Volksbote ; No. 261, issue of November 6, 1918
- ↑ On the merger of Volkszeitung and General-Anzeiger 1942 ( Memento of the original of September 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
