Albin Möbusz

Albin Möbusz

Albin Friedrich Richard Möbusz ( pseudonym : Amo) (born January 8, 1871 in Dresden ; † September 21, 1934 in Lübeck ) was a German pedagogue , director of the Lübeck school teacher seminar , second president of the Germana Esperanto-Asocio (GEA) and organizer of the “VI. German Esperanto Congress ".

Life

career

In his hometown Möbusz had attended the Freiherrlich von Fletcher seminar for teachers . After passing the exams, he worked as an assistant teacher at the elementary school in Zitzschewig for three years . After a short teaching activity in Chemnitz , he taught at the 13th public school in Plagwitz in 1897 . From Easter 1897 he was a member of the teaching staff of the Second Realschule in Leipzig-Reudnitz . In the summer of 1897 he received his theoretical and practical scientific training in Plön ( Schleswig-Holstein ) at the Biological Station and received his doctorate “About the intestinal canal of the Anthrenus larva and remarks on epithelial regeneration”. At the Thomas-Gymnasium he made up his matriculation examination in 1899 and passed both the pedagogical and the senior teacher examination . On the basis of the Matura certificate , he passed his exam pro facultate docendi (precursor to the state examination ) in April 1901 .

House with the Möbusz apartment

The Lübeck Senate entrusted Möbusz on 24 May 1902 the lübeckischen Ernestine School to organize the task of pedagogical training in their newly constructed seminar. On the basis of his varied educational background and his work at the Ernestin School, the Senate appointed him on October 1, 1903 as the first full-time director of the Lübeck teachers' college . There he replaced the previously honorary director of the Ernestine School. The position of senior teacher remained vacant for the time being, as it could not be started until 1904.

This had previously been a private institute of the Society for the Promotion of Charitable Activities and has now been nationalized . Möbusz should also "build up" this teachers' seminar .

His first employees as a seminar teacher were Mr. Stahl, the head of the practice school and the head of the preparation institute. The introduction of the teachers into their new office took place on October 13, 1903, on which the first school teacher seminar house of the seminar at Langen Lohberg No. 24 was inaugurated.

The work incumbent on Möbusz was aimed at bringing teacher training in Lübeck up to the level of Prussian. At first, the task was more difficult for him because, in addition to his office as director, he also had to take the first class of the seminar at the Ernestine School for exams. The changeover of the seminars from Michaelis to the beginning of Easter of the courses meant that a double class had to be added in the summer semester in the three following years.

Teaching staff (1907), Möbusz sits in the middle of the table

After this had been overcome, Möbusz presented the high school authorities with a comprehensive plan to further improve teacher education. Analogous to the “Saxon seminar facility ”, this envisaged that the preparatory institute and the seminar would be combined into a six-class institute, the number of academic teaching staff would be increased significantly and the demands on the students to be admitted would be increased. After lengthy debates, these proposals were approved by a council and citizens' resolution of February 6, 1907 and came into force at Easter. The “new school constitution ”, which falls in the year of the seminar's centenary , created the basis, which was first established by the new curriculum of 1909, for the final expansion of teacher training. With it, the seminar was the first of the German teacher training institutions to achieve a complete separation of general and specialist training. That curriculum became the model for a number of teacher education laws in other countries . The aim was to gradually raise the general education of the seminarians so that the final examination of the course would be equivalent to that of the higher boys' school .

Thanks to the direction of development chosen by Möbusz, the Lübeck teacher training system at the beginning of the First World War had reached almost the same position that the "new Prussian teacher training" took in 1928. The upper classes emptied themselves because the seminarians joined the army as volunteers . Frequent emergency exams, substitutions and ancillary work disrupted teaching. Möbusz did in his spare time at first service as a volunteer nurse in the medical column in Barack hospital , drove several times with the hospital train to the East , took part in the Wounded care and led the Laubheu- , Bucheneckern- and weave plant collections of Lübeck schools.

After the end of the war, several special courses were necessary in order to quickly and sufficiently lead the returning war seminarists to the completion of their professional training. At the same time, as teacher training was to be put on a new basis, negotiations began to terminate the seminar. The Weimar Constitution stipulated that all teachers had to have an academic education. After the Lübeck Teachers' Training Institute was dissolved in 1924, female students were also admitted to the seminar and co-education was introduced. With the dismissal of the last seminar course at Easter 1925, the seminar was dissolved after 118 years of existence. There should no longer be a possible conversion of the substructure of the seminar into an advanced school and that of the superstructure into a teacher academy.

When an adult education center was to be founded in Lübeck after the end of the war , Möbusz put his organizational talent into service. Appointed as its director, he gave it the design, led it through the years of inflation and led a large number of courses there. However, the steadily increasing requirements in his compulsory area forced him to resign. He was succeeded by Willy Pieth .

He had meanwhile been given another office. With the management of the 1923 nationalized v. He was to convert Großheim'sche Realschule again from a private to a state school. As early as Easter 1924 she acquired the right to attend a recognized secondary school. The reduction in the upper classes caused by the loss of births during the war years influenced the expansion of the secondary school into an upper secondary school . In order to enable the continuation of the Katharineum , the access to the v. Großheim'schen Realschule closed for a number of years. When the teachers' college was closed, the school moved into its building. Probably the most famous student to this day, Herbert Frahm , attended that school in the 1927/28 class before moving to the Johanneum . To his 25-year anniversary as director Möbusz became the director of studies promoted . At the end of the school year in 1931, the v. Großheim'schen Realschule to exist.

During his first 20 years Möbusz belonged to Department 3, then Department 1 of the high school authorities. Until 1923 he was a member of the examination committee for the second teacher examination and was then a member of the committee for the secondary school teacher examination .

As a member of the non-profit organization, Möbusz often gave lectures and was a member of the board of directors of the Natural History Museum several times . He has written chemistry textbooks and co-authored a number of educational publications.

His great-grandson Rüdiger Möbusz was a member of the Lübeck state parliament from 1979 to 1993 .

Volapük and Esperanto

First Möbusz learned the planned language Volapük . Since 1901 he was an Esperanto speaker .

After Möbusz had already founded Esperanto groups in Lübeck , Flensburg , Schleswig , Kiel and Eutin , he closed Lübeck and Hamburg with effect from January 24, 1909 , these two member states formed the Esperanto centers in northern Germany, as well as the province of Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg to form the North Albingian Esperanto League . The League was the German Esperanto Association ( Germana Esperanto Association , GEA) connected Bundesverband . In 1909 the "Esperanto Group of the Lübeck Teachers' Seminar", "Esperanto Group Lübeck Technicians" and "Ni laboru" existed in Lübeck.

He had been chairman of the Lübeck Esperanto Society since 1908, and should remain so until at least 1933 .

At the 4th German Esperanto Congress of the German Esperantist Society in Gotha in 1909 , Möbusz was elected deputy chairman of the GEA. At the end of the congress, the association had a constitution with a foundation from which to act and received its current name. An advisory board spread across Germany was under its executive board .

Advertising stamp

Participant in the German Esperanto Congress (press photos from VI.DEC, 1911)

At the 5th German Esperanto Congress in Augsburg from July 28 to August 3, 1910, Danzig-Sopot , Frankfurt am Main and Magdeburg also invited the congress for the following year. However, it was thanks to Möbusz's advertising that Lübeck was awarded the contract for 1911.

With the constitution that now exists, the parliamentary representation of the groups that have grown to around 200 in the federal government and the division of work due to the creation of the advisory board, the "internal organization" was up to VI. German Esperanto Congress in Lübeck almost completed and its task now consisted of general "propaganda" and the promotion of "Esperanto". For this purpose, the GEA traveled with its most important external department , the VIII. Congresses and Exhibitions.

The Belgian and English Esperanto Congresses also met at the same time as the German one .

Möbusz was one of the representatives of GEA at the “Internacis Konsilantario” in Paris.

At the VII German Esperanto Congress in Gdansk and Sopot Möbusz resigned from the position of the deputy board member of GEA. From then until 1921 he was President of the North Albing Esperanto League .

Publications

On the occasion of the Lübeck Congress in 1911, Möbusz wrote the commemorative publication under the title “Esperanto - a cultural factor” on behalf of the German Esperanto Association . In Esperanto he published the following books, among others

• Demonstraciaj tabeloj, 1912
• Catalogo de Esperanto-sigelmarkoj, 1912
• Esperantaj Instruleteroj, 1918–1920
• Documentary de Esperanto 1921
• Esperanto-lernolibro por Germano, (5th edition 1924)
• Universala Esperanto Learning Library, 1926

In addition to Esperanto books, he has also published several speeches and numerous articles in national German-language newspapers in and about Esperanto

Works (selection)

• Festschrift for the centenary of the Lübeck teachers' seminar. , 1907
• Memorandum for the development and restructuring of the Lübeck teacher training system. , 1907
• One hundred years of teacher training. , 1907
• The pedagogy of the present. , 1912
• Textbook of chemistry and mineralogy including geology: Inorgan u. organ. Chemistry, Volume 1 , 1914

literature

• The new building for the school teacher seminar in Lübeck. In: Vaterstädtische Blätter , year 1903, No. 41, issue of October 11, 1903, pp. 321–327.
• Images from the city's school system. IV. In: Von Lübeck's Towers , Volume 15, 1905, No. 5, Edition of February 4, 1905, p. 39.
• For the secular celebration of the Lübeck teachers' seminar. In: Von Lübeck's Towers , Volume 17, No. 40, Issue of October 5, 1907, pp. 313-318.
• For the secular celebration of the Lübeck teachers' seminar. In: Von Lübeck's Towers , Volume 17, No. 41, Edition of October 12, 1907, pp. 321–326.
• For the secular celebration of the Lübeck teachers' seminar. In: Von Lübeck's Towers , Volume 17, No. 42, Issue of October 19, 1907, pp. 329-330.
• August Bahrs' director in the Lübeck school service for 25 years , In: Lübeckische Blätter , 70th year, number 41, edition of October 14, 1928, pp. 684–686.

Web links

Commons : Albin Möbusz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Léon Courtinat: Historio de Esperanto (Courtinat) , Vol. III, p. 857
2. ↑ 25 years director in the Lübeck school service of August Bahrs, In: Lübeckische Blätter , 70th year, number 41, edition of October 14, 1928, p. 684.
3. ↑ Abram B. Enns : Art and Citizenship: d. controversial twenties in Lübeck , Christians / Weiland, Hamburg / Lübeck 1978, ISBN 3-7672-0571-8
4. ↑ ^{a b} Enciklopedio de Esperanto. Budapest. 1979 (reprint of the 1933 edition), p. 374, archive page of the Enciklopedio
5. ^ Lübeck and Hamburg formed the Esperanto centers in the north of Germany. Lübeck was once the second city in the entire fatherland to have founded an Esperanto group before the Esperanto movement was even considered.
6. ^ Enciklopedio de Esperanto. Budapest. 1979 (reprint of 1933 edition), p. 374, archive page of the Enciklopedio