Barracks hospital (Lübeck)
As Barack hospital in 1914 by the was Kriegsintendantur the IX. Army Corps from Altona built a military hospital in the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck .
The building erected on the Burgfelde at the beginning of the First World War was the largest hospital in the corps and became the largest in Germany during this war.
hospital
The spacious Burgfeld, where sporting events were held at times of peace on Sedan Day or on the Emperor's birthday and where there was lively hustle and bustle at popular festivals, offered a suitable place for the construction of a hospital. At that time, the area of the Burgfeld comprised today's square and extended up Israelsdorfer Allee to Adolfstrasse.
His postal address was: Reserve-Lazarett III
The Lübeck senior medical officer R., Eugen Plessing , was entrusted with the organization and management of the "barracks hospital". He lived in the immediate vicinity of the hospital at the beginning of Roeckstrasse . Members of the Lübeck medical column who were not in the field assisted the doctors. The wounded inside the barracks were looked after by sisters of the German Red Cross .
As Carl Theodor Plessing wrote in an article from the beginning of 1915, the average occupancy rate of the barrack camp was around 800 wounded. According to an article by Paul Kessels, a soldier from Dortmund who was wounded in Russia , it was already around 1000 in November.
About a quarter of the hospital was occupied by wounded British , French and Russians . They were completely isolated and were in the front barracks next to the administration building and the police station at the castle gate . They were followed by the equally isolated part of the camp in which the infectious patients were housed. This was followed by further barracks and kitchens in front of the workshops and the five - later four - barracks and a barracks for about 50 patients from the pulmonary treatment ward . The physical care of the wounded by the Lübeck Red Cross ladies was considered exemplary.
The operating barrack was furnished according to the most modern requirements. For example, an X-ray facility or the medico-mechanical institute of Dr. Meyer present.
Barrack
38 barracks and various outbuildings were built. The outbuildings were five kitchens , an administration building , latrines and a mortuary barrack .
The barracks were made of wood and had a series of windows . The walls were double wooden walls that had a peat filling as insulation . On the roofs there were ridge turrets with ventilation flaps for good ventilation . Each barrack contained 15 iron beds on each side. In addition, each barrack had side rooms for bathing facilities. The iron stoves kept the barracks cozy and warm.
Laundry barrack
Everywhere in the camp was scrupulously clean. As soon as they were admitted, every wounded person was disinfected in their own disinfection system and completely dressed in clean clothing. These had to be changed frequently. As a result, there was a "big wash" every day. Around the clock, the laundry boards were “rubbed”. Sewing and darning needles were also used to keep everything in good working order.
The extensive laundry department was led by Dr. Görtz and Consul General Goßmann.
Day room
Those who had progressed so far in their recovery that they were allowed to leave their barracks with a doctor's approval were offered a cozy and comfortable place to stay in the common day room . The convalescents of all the barracks came together here. In response to an appeal in the Lübeck advertisements , donations from numerous Lübeck families turned the barracks into a “very friendly and comfortable” lounge. Sofas and chairs of all kinds, such as armchairs or rocking chairs , offered comfortable seating . The room was with carpets occupied floors , as well as images awarded, bunting and small flags a homely character. When darkness fell, lamps hanging from the ceiling served to illuminate the room. This also contained a number of tables and writing facilities. Several cupboards with books and magazines were also placed. Even a piano and a harmonium as well as a gramophone and self-playing musical apparatus were not missing to offer the wounded entertainment and variety. The wounded received cigars , cigarettes and tobacco for the pipe as gifts of love .
entertainment
There was plenty of diversion outside the barracks. He could sit in the garden laid out by the wounded, listen to the sounds of the military band performing in the camp or take part in exercise games. On several evenings a week there were musical or recitation performances or lectures by members of the Lübeck Society.
The wounded could visit the theater free of charge or take part in the sightseeing excursions led by the tourist association under the direction of Wilhelm Dahms , which went to Travemünde in the summer .
Gymnastics exercises and military marches through Lübeck's surroundings, led by the Lübeck men's gymnastics club , were used for fitness purposes.
Work barracks
In order to counteract the physical deterioration of the wounded craftsmen, the Lübeck “State Committee for War Injured ” had blacksmiths , locksmiths , carpenters and plumbers' workshops built in the hospital . Initially, these only served as a so-called exercise.
In addition to the benefit of the informal employment for the wounded, there was an economic gain for the hospital and its residents . Therefore, the workshops were expanded to include a bookbinding , tailoring and shoemaking shop .
Based on the positive experience that the regional committee had had with the workshops, in 1916 it had a workshop built primarily for carving in the lung ward .
Connection
In 1914, the Lübeck tram had its own workshops for the first time to manufacture its own sidecars for its fleet . The two wagons had been developed to carry the Schlutuper fish women and their fish baskets into town . For this purpose they had a central entry and long benches. In the official language of the tram they were also called “fish scales”. At the beginning of the war, the two cars were converted to hospital cars and from then on ran between the main train station and the barrack hospital . The hospital got its own connection from the tram on the site.
Post-war use
When they no longer fulfilled their function as a military hospital from 1919, the barracks were transferred from the imperial property to the city's property.
As planned when they were built, the barracks were demolished in order to restore the castle field as open space. However, this did not happen entirely. Due to the prevailing housing shortage, the barracks that remained on the edge were converted into 107 temporary apartments. They were mainly given to refugees from Poland and Silesia . Your postal address after 1920 was: "Auf dem Burgfeld (Barracks)"
Little by little, barracks that were no longer needed were demolished and the last buildings were to be removed in 1939. However, because of the outbreak of World War II , this was no longer carried out. Because of the renewed housing shortage after the end of the war, these remained standing until they were finally superfluous and removed as part of the barrack evacuation program.
literature
- The barrack camp on the Burgfeld. , In: Vaterstädtische Blätter , year 1914/15, No. 2, edition of October 11, 1914.
- Wounded in Lübeck , In: Vaterstädtische Blätter , year 1914/15, No. 3, edition of October 18, 1914.
- From the barracks of the Burgfeld. , In: Vaterstädtische Blätter , year 1914/15, No. 16, edition of January 17, 1915.
- The largest barracks hospital in northern Germany on the Burgfelde in Lübeck. , In: Vaterstädtische Blätter , year 1915/16, No. 9, edition of November 28, 1915.
- Handicraft work in the barracks hospital on the Burgfeld. , In: Vaterstädtische Blätter , year 1915/16, No. 15, edition of January 9, 1916.
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ Wolf-Rüdiger Saager: 100 years of local traffic in Lübeck , Lübeck 1981, graphic workshops
- ↑ Jan Zimmermann: St. Gertrud 1860-1945. A photographic foray. Bremen 2007 ISBN 978-3-86108-891-2
Coordinates: 53 ° 52 ′ 52 ″ N , 10 ° 41 ′ 10 ″ E