Line 28E of the Lisbon tram

28E: Martim Moniz – Campo Ourique (Prazeres)
Two railcars on line 28E meet on Rua da Conceição.
Gauge :	900 mm ( narrow gauge )
Legend Operating points served as end stops are shown in bold . Line 12E (ring line, clockwise only) Martim Moniz (28E / 12E) connection to Linha Verde Line 12E R. Palma Igreja Anjos connection to Linha Verde R. Maria Andrade R. Maria R. Forno Tijolo R. Maria Fonte R. Angelina Vidal Sapadores R. Graça Graça Voz Operário Cç. S. Vicente R. Escolas Gerais Line 12E Lg.Portas Sol (28E / 12E) Miradouro Sta. Luzia (28E / 12E) Limoeiro (28E / 12E) Sé (28E / 12E) Igreja Madalena (28E) Line 15E (direction south) R. Conceição / R. Fanqueiros (12E) Junction 12E, junction 15E (north direction) R. Conceição Lg. Belas Artes R. Vitor Cordon / R. Serpa Pinto R. Vitor Cordon Chiado connection to Linha Verde and Linha Azul Pç. Luis Camoes Calhariz (Bica) Connection to the Ascensor da Bica Sta. Catarina Cç. Combro R. Poço Negros R. Poiais S. Bento RS Bento / Cç. Estrela Torre Tombo Cç. Estrela / R. Borges Carneiro Cç. Estrela / R. Teófilo Braga Line 25E Estrela (Basílica) (28E / 25E) Estrela / R. Domingos Sequeira (28E / 25E) R. Domingos Sequeira (28E / 25E) R. Saraiva Carvalho (28E / 25E) Igreja Sto. Condestável (28E / 25E) Campo Ourique (Prazeres) (28E / 25E)

The line 28E of the Lisbon tram , Portuguese Carreira 28E dos Elétricos de Lisboa , is one of six lines of the Lisbon tram . It connects the differently shaped parts of Alfama , Baixa and Lapa of downtown Lisbon with the Prazeres district . The old wagons used on the line , the stretches that are extraordinarily steep for an adhesion railway - including one of the steepest sections in the world with a gradient of 13.5 percent -, tight curves and the route through narrow old town alleys have led to the line - like the ring line 12E, with which it shares part of the route - is particularly popular with tourists. The “famous line 28” is now one of the most famous sights of the Portuguese capital and the journey with it is a “must” of a visit.

history

No. 734 in 1977 in Rua das Escolas Gerais , the track looping, the security post on the left

The Rua das Escolas Gerais in Alfama is one of the narrowest sections of the Lisbon tram network

Line 28 - the "E" for "Eléctrico" or "Elétrico", like all other Lisbon tram lines, was only part of the line designation in 1994 - was introduced in 1928. It led from the Rossio to the Praça da Estrela and thus only covered the western half of today's route. While the section between Rossio and Praça Luís de Camões was rebuilt and opened on February 19, 1928, the line further west used an existing route. Originally a cable tram operated on this section between Chiado and Estrela since 1890 , which was converted into a normal (wheel-driven adhesion tram) in 1914 after being taken over by Carris . The extension from Praça da Estrela to the Prazeres cemetery took place in 1936. Line 28B between Estrela and Largo da Graça was temporarily set up as a reinforcement line . From 1973, the section between Rossio and Rua da Conceição , which had only been served in the evenings and on Sundays since 1961 , was no longer available . For this purpose, the starting point of the line was moved much further east to the previous end point of the amplifier line 28B at Largo da Graça in the Graça district of the same name . In this way, it was now possible to travel from the Alfama to Lapa without having to change trains and thus to travel through the entire old town of Lisbon with a continuous tram line in an east-west direction. The amplifier line 28B ran from then on between Martim Moniz and Rua Conceição . Repeater line 28A ran between Rua Conceição and Prazeres . In its entirety, this route already corresponded to the current line 28E, but with a change in Rua da Conceição .

Line 28 was given its current expansion as part of a major line network reform in 1984. At that time, ring line 10/11 (line 10 counterclockwise , line 11 clockwise ) and its section Martim Moniz - Graça , which had also previously been operated by the reinforcement line, were abandoned 28B was finally slammed into line 28. The amplifier lines 28A and 28B no longer existed. The route of the former line 10/11 was opened on July 17, 1906 between Graça and Rua da Conceição . The section between Anjos / Avenida Almirante Reis (today's Igreja Anjos stop ) and Graça followed in 1925. While the line network of the Lisbon tramway shrank, line 28 became longer and longer until 1984.

As part of the full conversion of the network to device operation center was the 1990s for the amplifiers courses of the line 28E establishing two Wendeschleifen necessary. At Largo da Graça , the track change used up to then and used for turning was replaced by a loop, at Praça Luís de Camões a corresponding curved track was installed between the tracks on the north and south side of the square. As a result, bidirectional vehicles are no longer required for the scheduled operation of the Lisbon tram since 1996 . The curved track at Praça Luís de Camões is currently not used in line operations. Instead, the reinforcement courses coming from Graça go through to Estrela (Basílica) and use the local loop.

Unlike in the rest of the city, the streets of the Alfama, some of which are only four meters wide, cannot be served by buses . A switch to omnibuses has therefore, unlike most of the other lines of the Lisbon tram, no longer under discussion since the abandonment of all plans for an overall discontinuation in the mid-1970s.

Today's route

A 28E car before the start of the steepest section in the Calçada de São Francisco

A city tour car in the track loop in Rua Vítor Cordon

Routing of lines 12E and 28E (as of 2011)

On its route, the diameter line 28E passes numerous Lisbon attractions. The starting point is Praça Martim Moniz at the foot of the Castelo de São Jorge , where a turning loop leads around the entire square. At the northern end of the Praça, the train turns right into Rua da Palma . You follow this in a northerly direction and through the subsequent Avenida Almirante Reis until you turn right into Rua Maria Andrade , where the first uphill section begins , over the Largo da Graça . The subsequent descent is the Rua da Voz do Operário . From Largo de São Vicente , the journey begins through the narrow streets of the Alfama, where sections of the route are single-track . In the Rua do Limoeiro , the train passes the famous Miradouro de Santa Luzia viewpoint . Then it goes past the Catedral Sé Patriarcal before the lowest point of the route is reached in the Baixa. The Baixa is crossed on the Rua da Conceição in an east-west direction north of the Praça do Comércio .

The second half of the route has a predominantly rising profile. The ascent begins with the Calçada de São Francisco , where the maximum gradient of 13.5 percent is also reached. It continues on Rua Vítor Cordon and Rua dos Duques de Bragança . In the opposite direction, Rua António Maria Cardoso is used instead of the latter . The route then passes the Praça Luís de Camões . Via the Rua do Loreto and the Calçada da Estrela , the train first reaches the Parliament building Palácio de São Bento and then the Basílica da Estrela in the Lapa district . The Rua Domingos Sequeira and Rua Saraiva de Carvalho form the final ascent to the Prazeres cemetery, on whose forecourt there is also a turning loop.

While the western section of the route is double-tracked throughout, with the exception of a loop in the Rua Vítor Cordon , the section through the Alfama between the Largo da Graça and the Sé Patriarcal is through two short single-track sections in the area Calçada de São Vicente / Rua das Escolas Gerais and an the confluence of line 12E in Rua de São Tomé and a looping track, also in the Rua das Escolas Gerais , which is only four meters wide in sections . A single-track section of the route will also be passed in Rua Angelina Vidal beforehand . Until the end of the 1980s, traffic in the area of Calçada de São Vicente / Rua das Escolas Gerais was regulated by security guards due to tight curves and dense buildings. Since then, this has been done through traffic lights .

Cycle times and demand

The line 28E is the total distance on all weekdays in the 11-minute clock served. Between the turning loops at Largo da Graça and at Praça Luís de Camões , reinforcement courses run directly in front of the car that runs the entire route. In 1983, the previous line 10/11 was served every five to six minutes. Carris has so far refused to increase the cycle times of the line, which has been requested over and over again. The reasons for this are the lack of vehicles and the recurring delays , mainly due to the hindrances caused by individual motorized traffic . Including amplifiers, a maximum of 15 cycles are required.

Due to its popularity with tourists, the line is very popular. Overcrowding is a regular occurrence, and this and the hindrances caused by individual traffic often lead to crowds and lengthy service gaps. The comparatively low fares also contribute to the good demand. For this reason, too, the line is more attractive for price-sensitive tourists than the city tours, which are largely also guided over the route of the 28E, with railcars in historical colors and foreign-language travel guides.

Route length, operating times and timetable

To the west ( Martim Moniz - Campo Ourique (Prazeres) ) the route length of line 28E is 6.973 kilometers. It is served in this direction on weekdays from 5:40 a.m., on Saturdays from 6:15 a.m., on Sundays and public holidays from 6:45 a.m. The travel time is 40 minutes. In the late evening hours, they only run on the Graça - Estrela (Basílica) section , on weekdays from 9:40 p.m., on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays from 9:30 p.m. The last course starts at 11:10 p.m. on weekdays and at 10:30 p.m. on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays. The travel time on the shortened line is 26 minutes.

To the east ( Campo Ourique (Prazerers) - Martim Moniz ) the route is 7.551 kilometers. It is served in this direction on weekdays from 6:20 a.m., on Saturdays from 7:00 a.m., on Sundays and public holidays from 7:25 a.m. The travel time is 37 minutes. In the late evening hours, the courses only run on the Estrela (Basílica) - Graça section , every day from 10:10 p.m. The last course starts at 11:20 p.m. on weekdays and at 11:05 p.m. on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays. The travel time on the shortened line is 23 minutes.

vehicles

A remodelado on line 12E at Largo das Portas do Sol

Since 1995, only modernized railcars, so-called remodelados , have been used as planned on line 28E . Older vehicles are only available as a reserve. Due to the special route conditions with the inclines that are unusual for adhesive tracks and the very tight curves with radii of less than ten meters, only two-axle vehicles can be used on the line. Special braking equipment is also required for the vehicles used on the line. The use of sidecars , which existed on the Lisbon tram until 1989, was also prohibited.

Together with line 12E, line 28E, in contrast to the other lines of the Lisbon tram, can only be used by vehicles with pantographs . The replacement by scissors or single-arm pantographs was not possible due to the narrow alleys, so the vehicles used have both systems.

Line 12E

Tw 701 in 1977 on line 12

Line 12E also passes very narrow streets in Alfama and, as it reinforces line 28E on a section, is also popular with tourists. Like the western section of the 28E, the line was originally built as a cable tram in 1890, and it was converted to normal electrical operation in 1915. Until 1997, it only operated as a 600-meter-long shuttle line between Martim Moniz and São Tomé , usually with one car. With the decommissioning of most of the older vehicles and the conversion of the planned operation to the remodelados converted as one-way wagons , this management had to be abandoned and the line became a clockwise circular line with lines from Praça da Figueira via Martim Moniz and São Tomé back to Praça da Figueira converted. Previously, it was necessary to build two arches from Rua da Conceição to Rua da Prata and from Rua Martim Moniz to Rua Fernandes da Fonseca .

On the section between Rua de São Tomé and Rua da Conceição , it uses the route of line 28E. Another link with line 28E is at its end point, Martim Moniz. The route through the Calçada de Santo André, which is served by line 12E alone, is single-track throughout, the three switches on this section can no longer be used.

Line 12E runs every 12 minutes on weekdays and only every 24 minutes on weekends. A maximum of two railcars are required for the line. The travel time to and from Praça da Figueira is 19 minutes. Carris plans to market line 12E to a greater extent for tourism, as line 28E has now reached its capacity limit and can no longer adequately meet the strong tourist demand.

literature

• Wolfgang Kaiser: Tourism as an Opportunity. About the location of the tram in Lisbon. in: Tram Magazine 9/08, pp. 14–21
• Rick Steves' Snapshot Lisbon, p. 13 online

Web links

• Website of the operating company Carris (Portuguese / English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Note in a travel guide ( Memento of the original from June 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on June 19, 2011) 
2. ↑ Information from an online travel guide (accessed on July 19, 2011)
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Wolfgang Kaiser: Tourism as an opportunity. About the location of the tram in Lisbon. in: Tram Magazine 9/08, pp. 14–21
4. ↑ Julia Stanek: City tip Lisbon: Weltschmerz mit Witz Interview with travel guide author Johannes Beck, spiegel.de, July 14, 2011, last accessed on October 12, 2017.
5. ↑ ^{a b} A Rede de Eléctricos, História dos eléctricos (accessed on July 10, 2011)
6. ↑ ^{a b} J.H. Price: The Tramways of Portugal. A visitor's guide. , Light Railway Transport League, London, 1964, p. 33 f.
7. ^ JH Price: The Tramways of Portugal. A visitor's guide. , Light Railway Transport League, London, 1964, p. 6
8. ^ A Rede de Eléctricos, História dos eléctricos , accessed on February 3, 2016
9. ↑ Pages on the Lisbon tram by Ernst Kers: Network , accessed on February 3, 2016
10. ↑ ^{a b} Historic Trams Lisbon at www.vossloh-kiepe.com , accessed on February 3, 2016
11. ^ ^{A b} Wolfgang Kaiser: Old, older, Lisbon. Lisbon's tram in 1988. In: Straßenbahn-Magazin 1/09, pp. 68–71
12. ↑ thelisbonconnection.com
13. ↑ Guido Korff: Europe's largest tram museum, or: The tram companies in Portugal today in: Tram magazine, issue 50, November 1983, Franck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, p. 298
14. ↑ Single ticket EUR 2.85, 24-hour day ticket EUR 6.00 (as of 02/2015)
15. ↑ Website of the line operator, viewed on October 23, 2011
16. ↑ Website of the line operator, viewed on October 23, 2011
17. ↑ Website of the line operator, viewed on October 23, 2011
18. ↑ Website of the line operator, viewed on October 23, 2011
19. ↑ Website of the line operator, viewed on October 23, 2011
20. ↑ Website of the line operator, viewed on October 23, 2011
21. ↑ Ulrich Theurer: Oldtimers still run in Portugal. A situation report on the Portuguese trams. in: Straßenbahn-Magazin, Issue 3, May 1971, Franck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 46–59
22. ↑ Website of the line operator, viewed on November 5, 2011
23. ^ Johannes Bouchain, Luis N. Filipe: In the shadow of the financial crisis: Current information on local transport in the Lisbon area ; in: Der Stadtverkehr, 7–8 / 12, pp. 24–30

Coordinates: 38 ° 42 ′ 55 "  N , 9 ° 8 ′ 10"  W.