Andel (grass)

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Andel
Beach salt plumes (Puccinellia maritima)

Beach salt plumes ( Puccinellia maritima )

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Genre : Clouds of Salt ( Puccinellia )
Type : Andel
Scientific name
Puccinellia maritima
( Huds. ) Parl.

The Andel , beach salt swaths or beach fescue ( Puccinellia maritima ) is a salt-bearing sweet grass . He is named for the plant community of frequently flooded salt marshes , the Andelrasen ( Puccinellietum maritimae ). It is well suited for grazing. Furthermore, the so-called Andelheu is very valuable due to its high mineral content . The beach salt plumes play an important role in the consolidation of the salt marshes foreland.

description

The beach salt swath is a perennial grass that can grow up to 60 cm and blooms between June and September. It grows upright to prostrate. Especially in autumn, the grass forms above-ground, runners-like elongated, rooted shoots. The entire plant is bare and smooth. The leaf blades are flat or runny, sometimes rolled. They are 1 to 3 millimeters wide and up to 20 centimeters long. They sometimes have the tips of the leaves drawn together like a hood or a boat bow. The ligule are short and blunt. The leaf sheaths are closed to the middle.

Andel, illustration

The one-sided panicles are open. The panicle branches are more or less smooth, stand upright during flowering and later contract. The narrow, elongated spikelets are usually 5- to 9-flowered and about 5 to 10 mm long. They appear rounded on the back, do not form awns and can be overflowing with purple. The glumes are shorter than the spikelets. The anthers are only about 2 to 2.8 mm long. The flowering period is between June and September.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 56, less often 60, 63 or 70.

Distribution and location

The beach salt swath is common on the Atlantic coasts of Europe and the Canary Islands. In North America he is a neophyte. It grows in periodically flooded, muddy salt marshes and prefers clay-rich soils. It is the characteristic of the plant society (association) of the Andel grass (Puccinellietum maritimae Christians. 1927). The plant is a salt and flood indicator.

Common names

The other German-language trivial names exist or existed for the Andel : Andel (Oldenburg, Hardingerland), Annel (Hardingerland, Wangerooge ), Quelder ( Ostfriesland ), Queller (Ostfriesland) and Twill-Andel (Butjaden).

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: Our grasses. 11th edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-440-07613-X .
  • Hans Joachim Conert: Parey's grass book. Parey, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 220.
  2. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Puccinellia maritima. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  3. ↑ E. Langlois, A. Bonis, JB Bouzillé: Sediment and plant dynamics in saltmarshes pioneer zone: Puccinellia maritima as a key species ?. In: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 56, 2003, pp. 239-249, doi : 10.1016 / S0272-7714 (02) 00185-3 .
  4. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 151. ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Andel ( Puccinellia maritima )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Andelheu  - explanations of meanings, word origins , synonyms, translations

Distribution maps