Streptokinase
| Streptokinase C | ||
|---|---|---|
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| Streptokinase C (yellow) and D (green) with plasmin (blue) according to PDB 1BML | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 414 amino acids | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene name (s) | SKC | |
| External IDs |
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| Drug information | ||
| ATC code |
B01 AD01 B06 AA55 |
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| DrugBank | DB00086 | |
| Occurrence | ||
| Homology family | Streptokinase | |
| Parent taxon | Streptococci | |
| Orthologue ( Streptococcus dysgalactiae ssp. Equisimilis ) | ||
| Entrez | 13902388 | |
| UniProt | P00779 | |
| Refseq (mRNA) | S46536 | |
| Refseq (protein) | AAC60418 | |
| PubMed search |
13902388
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The Streptokinase is an extracellular protein that of β-hemolytic streptococcus in the culture medium is discarded. Streptokinase is essential for hemolysis by streptococci, but by itself has no enzymatic activity. This is only achieved through the formation of an activator complex with plasminogen, which catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin, in turn, is an enzyme and dissolves blood clots. This property is used in medicine.
history
William Symth Tillett and William Edward Garner (1889–1960) found in 1933 a series of tests with hemolytic streptococci, a substance that can dissolve blood clots. Lauritz Royal Christensen isolated the substance and named it streptokinase.
Milstone had known since 1914 that the discovered compound itself had no fibrinolytic effect, but that the compound ensures that the plasminogen is converted into plasmin.
The first application in heart attacks took place in 1963 under Hubert Poliwoda (born 1927) and Wiktor Bross also used streptokinase in 1966 together with blood circulation-promoting agents in pulmonary embolism .
In connection with streptodornase , it has also been used since the 1950s for infectious inflammations with necrosis and pus formation. However, there were more allergic reactions here because foreign proteins were present. In 1962, the Hoechst company was able to bring the purified product onto the market.
Manufacturing
After the bacteria have been centrifuged off, the streptokinase can be purified from the used medium. Because of this simple cleaning method, streptokinase can be obtained inexpensively. During the first steps in the purification of streptokinase, the streptodornase is also precipitated . The mixture of both enzymes is marketed under the name Varidase .
use
- Streptokinase is used, among other things, for cleaning blood-soiled surgical material (e.g. catheters and endoscopes ), but also for treating wounds (breaking down scabs).
- Streptokinase is used in acute heart attacks. Streptokinase is injected in very high doses. Plasminogen is given as support by infusion (streptokinase + plasminogen = anistreplase ). Within a few minutes the triggers blood clots in heart on. Because of the antigenic properties of streptokinase, further therapy with urokinase of human origin takes place.
- Streptokinase is also used in severe thrombosis .
Follow-up therapy with streptokinase, even in lower doses, is not possible: Streptokinase is not a protein of human origin, i. H. Streptokinase is an antigen and the body makes antibodies against streptokinase . If streptokinase is then administered again, anaphylactic shock can occur. Similarly, an application of streptokinase has been by a streptococcus - infection be dangerous.
Trade names
Streptase (D, CH)
Varidase (D, A)
Individual evidence
- ↑ JD McArthur et al .: Allelic variants of streptokinase from Streptococcus pyogenes display functional differences in plasminogen activation. FASEB J . 22/9/ 2008 S. 3146-53. PMID 18511548
- ^ A b c d Wolf-Dieter Müller-Jahncke , Christoph Friedrich , Ulrich Meyer: Medicinal history . 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 978-3-8047-2113-5 , p. 117 .
- ↑ Red List Online, as of September 2009
- ↑ AM comp. d. Switzerland, as of September 2009
- ↑ AGES-PharmMed, as of September 2009
