Synagogue (Niederemmel)
Niederemmel synagogue | ||
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place | Niederemmel | |
Architectural style | Quarry stone construction | |
Construction year | 1930 | |
Coordinates | 49 ° 52 '37 " N , 6 ° 55' 25.2" E | |
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The synagogue in Niederemmel was built in 1930 on Am Römerbrunnen 4. The synagogue was devastated during the November pogroms in 1938 . In 1945, after the restitution proceedings were concluded, the building was sold to a private individual who converted the synagogue into a residential building that is still in use today.
synagogue
A prayer room had existed in Niederemmel since 1829. This was used by the Jewish residents of Niederemmel and Müstert , who formed a joint Jewish community. Due to the increased number of Jewish community members in the middle of the 19th century, a synagogue was built in Müstert at Karthäuserstraße 23 in 1855. In 1930 the board of directors of the Jewish community decided to sell the synagogue in Müstert and to build a new synagogue in Niederemmel at 4 Am Römerbrunnen. For this purpose, an existing building was bought and converted into a synagogue. The cost of the renovation and renovation measures amounted to 8,000 RM . On October 10, 1930, the synagogue was inaugurated with the participation of the mayor and the local population. The rituals were transferred in a procession from the old to the new synagogue. The synagogue had three arched windows on the ground floor where the prayer room was located. The synagogue was devastated during the November pogroms in 1938. In 1945, after the restitution proceedings had been concluded , the building was sold to a private person who converted the synagogue into a residential building that is still in use today.
Jewish community Niederemmel
The first Jews lived in the Niederemmel area as early as the 17th century. The Jewish inhabitants of Niederemmel and Müstert together formed the Müstert-Emmel synagogue community . Until about the middle of the 19th century, the Jewish inhabitants of Müstert made up the largest proportion of members of the Jewish community. From this point on, the number of Jewish residents in Müstert declined. In 1895 the highest number of parishioners was reached. Since there were no more Jews living in Müstert in 1890, the Jewish communities of Niederemmel and Neumagen were then merged into one Jewish community. In 1909, when the number of Jews living in Niederemmel exceeded the number of Jewish community members in Neumagen, efforts were made to establish an independent religious community in Niederemmel. However, the relevant application was rejected by the authorities. From this point on, the community called itself Synagogue Community Neumagen-Niederemmel . It can be assumed that the community had a mikveh and a classroom. The community did not have its own cemetery. The deceased were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Neumagen . From 1933, after the seizure of power of Adolf Hitler , the Jewish inhabitants were increasingly disenfranchised. In addition, there were repeated anti-Jewish actions that culminated in the November pogroms in 1938. As a result, more Jewish families left Niederemmel. The last inhabitants of the Jewish faith were deported in 1942
Development of the Jewish population
year | Jews | Jewish families | comment |
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1808 | 20th | Niederemmel 8 and Müstert 12 | |
1843 | 61 | Niederemmel 19 and Müstert 42 | |
1858 | 58 | ||
1868 | 57 | ||
1895 | 73 | 6 percent of the population | |
1933 | 27 | ||
1935 | 55 |
Source: alemannia-judaica.de; jewische-gemeinden.de
Holocaust victim
In the memorial book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945 and in the Central Database of the Names of the Holocaust Victims of Yad Vashem , the following members of the Niederemmel Jewish community (who were born there or lived temporarily) are listed who were born during the time of Nazism were murdered:
Surname | First name | Time of death | Age | Place of death | comment | swell |
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heart | Jacob | unknown | unknown | Treblinka extermination camp | Deportation on July 15, 1942 from Hamburg to Ghetto Theresienstadt (Transport VI / 1 / Deportation number in Transport 334). Deportation on September 21, 1942 from Ghetto Theresienstadt to the Treblinka extermination camp (Transport VI / 1 / Deportation number in Transport 1335). | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 4831567, 11520414) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
Boat | Johanna | October 14, 1942 | 76 years | Theresienstadt ghetto | Deported on September 25, 1942 from Cologne to Theresienstadt ghetto. | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11534879) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
body | Alwine | August 13, 1942 | 71 years | Theresienstadt ghetto | Deportation on July 27, 1942 from Trier-Cologne to Ghetto Theresienstadt (transport III / 2, train Da 76 / deportation number in transport 535). | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 4848261 and 11572138) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
body | Amalie | December 1942 | 70 years | Theresienstadt ghetto | Deportation on July 27, 1942 from Trier-Cologne to Ghetto Theresienstadt (Transport III / 2, train Da 76 / deportation number in Transport 225). | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 4848172 and 11572139) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
body | Leopold | unknown | unknown | Treblinka extermination camp | Deportation on July 27, 1942 from Trier-Cologne to Ghetto Theresienstadt (Transport III / 2, train Da 76. Deportation number in transport 227). Deportation on September 19, 1942 from Ghetto Theresienstadt to the Treblinka extermination camp (Transport Bo, train Da 83 / deportation number in Transport 1701). | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 4865228 and 11572161) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
body | Raphael | unknown | unknown | Jungfernhof warehouse | Deported on December 6, 1941 from Hamburg to the Jungfernhof camp. | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11572169) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
body | pink | unknown | unknown | Auschwitz concentration camp | Deportation on July 27, 1942 from Trier-Cologne to Ghetto Theresienstadt (Transport III / 2, train Da 76. Deportation number in transport 536). Deportation on May 15, 1944 from Ghetto Theresienstadt to Auschwitz concentration camp (Transport Transport Dz / deportation number in Transport 826). | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 4864450 and 11572171) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
body | Solomon | unknown | unknown | Litzmannstadt ghetto | Deported on October 16, 1941 from Luxembourg to the Litzmannstadt ghetto. | Yad Vashem (database, data set No. 1792064 and 11572172) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
Levy | Regina | March 3, 1943 | 62 years | Auschwitz concentration camp | Deported on March 1, 1943 from Luxembourg to Auschwitz concentration camp. | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11575625) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
Mendel | David | November 27, 1938 | 71 years | Saarbrücken | Imprisoned in the Dachau concentration camp from November 15, 1938 to November 20, 1938 | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11592265) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
Easter | Elise | unknown | unknown | Izbica Ghetto | Deported on March 22, 1942 from Koblenz to Ghetto Izbica. | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11604003) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
Easter | Meta | unknown | unknown | Izbica Ghetto | Deported on March 22, 1942 from Koblenz to Ghetto Izbica. | Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11604039) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
Spira | Ilse | unknown | unknown | Kalevi-Liiva dunes and forest area | Deportation on September 24 or 26, 1942. | Yad Vashem (database, dataset No. 11638354 and 1744280) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany |
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literature
- Stefan Fischbach, Ingrid Westerhoff: "... and this is the gate of heaven". Synagogues in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland . Published by the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate, State Conservatory Office of the Saarland, Synagogue Memorial Jerusalem. ( Memorial book of the synagogues in Germany , 2). Verlag Philipp von Zabern , Mainz 2005, ISBN 3-8053-3313-7 , pp. 310-311.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Müstert and Niederemmel . alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
- ↑ a b c Niederemmel (Rhineland-Palatinate) . jewische-gemeinden.de. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
- ↑ Commemorative Book Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Federal Archives. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
- ^ Central database of the names of Holocaust victims . Yad Vashem - International Holocaust Memorial. Retrieved June 2, 2020.