Synagogue (Brotdorf)

The synagogue was located in the Merzig district of Brotdorf at Hausbacherstrasse 52 to 54. It was inaugurated in 1854. It was burned down during the November pogroms in 1938 . Today there is a residential building at this point.

history

Since the Jewish community had grown rapidly until the middle of the 19th century and the existing prayer room was no longer sufficient, the decision was made to build a synagogue, which was inaugurated on December 15, 1854. The synagogue was on Hausbacherstrasse. 52 to 54. In addition to a prayer room, it had a school and a ritual bath . Already after the referendum in 1935 and the associated annexation of the Saar region to the German Reich , the synagogue was deliberately damaged, as can be seen from a letter from the chairman of the representation of the Merzig synagogue community, Leo Weil, to the Reich Commissioner for Saarland Josef Bürckel . During the November pogroms in 1938, the interior of the synagogue was destroyed and the building set on fire. In 1939 the community acquired the ruins, which were badly damaged in a bomb attack in 1944. After the war, the remains of the synagogue were demolished and a residential building was built on the property. In 1984 a memorial stone was erected at the corner of Hausbacherstraße and Helenenstraße by the city of Merzig and the Saar synagogue community to commemorate the synagogue.

Jewish community of Brotdorf

The small community was independent until 1868. In 1868 it was incorporated into the Merzig synagogue district, but still kept its facilities. The dead were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Merzig , since the community did not have its own cemetery until it was dissolved . As early as 1719, the Jewish community in Brotdorf had its own teacher.

Development of the Jewish population

The first evidence that Jews lived in Brotdorf go back to the first third of the 14th century. In 1768 three protective Jews are listed who were under the protection of the Electorate of Trier and who paid their dues to the electoral chamber. In 1895 about 80 residents of Brotdorf belonged to the Jewish community. At the time of the annexation of the Saar area to the German Reich in 1935, the number had already decreased to 30. Due to the repression that began in 1935, to which Jews were now increasingly exposed, many Jewish residents emigrated abroad. At the time of the November pogroms in 1938, 12 members of the Jewish community were still living in Brotdorf. The last six Jewish residents were deported in October 1940.

The following members of the Jewish community, born in Brotdorf, were murdered during the National Socialist era :

Surname	First name	Time of death	Age	Place of death	comment	swell
Albert	Leonie	probably 1944	48 years	Auschwitz concentration camp , Poland	Deportation from the Drancy assembly camp (France) to Auschwitz on February 3, 1944	A) Yad Vashem (database, record No. 11457190) B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Hanau	Elsa	unknown	unknown	Auschwitz concentration camp, Poland	Deportation from the Drancy assembly camp (France) to Auschwitz on August 11, 1942	A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.11515906) B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Hanau	Johannette	February 14, 1941	67 years	Hadamar Killing Center		A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.11515922) B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Hanau	Martha	February 7, 1941	45 years	Hadamar Killing Center		A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.11515933) B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Hanau	Cecile	probably 1944	48 years	Auschwitz concentration camp, Poland	Deportation from the Drancy assembly camp (France) to Auschwitz on April 10, 1944	Yad Vashem (database, record no.3183371)
Boat	Joseph	January 2, 1941	89 years	Internment camp Camp de Gurs	Deported on October 22, 1940 to the Camp de Gurs internment camp	Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Boat	Leopold	1941	89 years	Internment camp Camp de Gurs		Yad Vashem (database, record No. 3188839)
Boat	Ludwig	pronounced dead	unknown	Jungfernhof subcamp, Latvia	Imprisoned from November 15, 1938 to April 5, 1939 in the Dachau concentration camp . Deported on November 29, 1941 from Nuremberg to the Jungfernhof satellite camp.	A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.11535040) B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Boat	Therese Thea Mathilde	1942	21 years	Kulmhof extermination camp	Deported to the Litzmannstadt ghetto on October 22, 1941 . May 1942 Relocation to the Kulmhof extermination camp	A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.11535348) B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Lion	Herta Berta	pronounced dead	unknown	Litzmannstadt ghetto	Deported to the Litzmannstadt ghetto on October 16, 1941	A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.11581070) B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Salmon	Amanda	pronounced dead	unknown	Auschwitz concentration camp, Poland	Deportation with Transport No. 67 from the Drancy assembly camp (France) to Auschwitz on February 3, 1944	A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.3215429) B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Solomon	Amanda	unknown	unknown	Auschwitz concentration camp, Poland		Yad Vashem (database, record no.1673951)
Solomon	Ludwig	missing / murdered	unknown	Auschwitz concentration camp, Poland or Ghetto Riga		A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.4129873 and 11622167) B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Tykoschinsky	Amalie	unknown	unknown	Izbica Ghetto	Deported to the Izbica ghetto on April 22, 1942	A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.2039932) B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
↑ There are different details in the two databases regarding the first name: Berta, Bertha and Herta, Hertha. What is certain is that it is the same person. The reason why there are different spellings of the first name is no longer understandable. There are two further entries in the Yad Vashem database (data record no. 7194137 and 7194217). These both relate to the list of persecuted persons and were each submitted by different people ↑ The entry in the database is based on information provided by a relative. Since the date of birth is different from Amanda Salmon's, it can be ruled out that this is the same person. ↑ There is different information about the place of death in both databases. However, since the date of birth, place of birth and name are identical in all cases, it can be assumed that they are the same person. Eventually the deportation to Riga took place with Transport 25 and later a transfer to Auschwitz.

Individual evidence

↑ Doc.01-313: The Merzig Jewish Community writes to the Reich Commissioner for Saarland on November 29, 1937 about the repair of the damaged synagogue . In: The Sources Speak . Bavarian Radio and Institute for Contemporary History. Retrieved November 23, 2019.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Brotdorf (City of Merzig, Merzig-Wadern district) Jewish history / prayer room / synagogue . Alemannia Judaica. Retrieved November 23, 2019.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Merzig (Saarland) . jewische-gemeinden.de. Retrieved November 23, 2019.
^ Wilhelm Laubenthal : The synagogue communities of the Merzig district. Saarbrücker Druckerei und Verlag, 1984, ISBN 978-3921646731 , p. 9.
↑ Cilli Kasper-Holtkatte: Jews on the move. On the social history of a minority in the Saar-Mosel area around 1800. In: Helmut Castritius (Ed.), Alfred Haverkamp (Ed.), Franz Irsigler (Ed.), Stefi Jersch-Wenzel (Ed.): Research on the history of the Jews (= Research on the history of the Jews. Volume 3). Hahnsche Buchhandlung Verlag, Hanover 1996, ISBN 978-3775256124 , pp. 32-44. ( Digitized version )
↑ Commemorative Book Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Federal Archives. Retrieved November 23, 2019.
^ Central database of the names of Holocaust victims . Yad Vashem - International Holocaust Memorial. Retrieved November 23, 2019.

[Berta-8] There are different details in the two databases regarding the first name: Berta, Bertha and Herta, Hertha. What is certain is that it is the same person. The reason why there are different spellings of the first name is no longer understandable. There are two further entries in the Yad Vashem database (data record no. 7194137 and 7194217). These both relate to the list of persecuted persons and were each submitted by different people

[Amanda-9] The entry in the database is based on information provided by a relative. Since the date of birth is different from Amanda Salmon's, it can be ruled out that this is the same person.

[Ludwig-10] There is different information about the place of death in both databases. However, since the date of birth, place of birth and name are identical in all cases, it can be assumed that they are the same person. Eventually the deportation to Riga took place with Transport 25 and later a transfer to Auschwitz.

[1] Doc.01-313: The Merzig Jewish Community writes to the Reich Commissioner for Saarland on November 29, 1937 about the repair of the damaged synagogue . In: The Sources Speak . Bavarian Radio and Institute for Contemporary History. Retrieved November 23, 2019.

[alju-2] Brotdorf (City of Merzig, Merzig-Wadern district) Jewish history / prayer room / synagogue . Alemannia Judaica. Retrieved November 23, 2019.

[jüge-3] Merzig (Saarland) . jewische-gemeinden.de. Retrieved November 23, 2019.

[4] Wilhelm Laubenthal : The synagogue communities of the Merzig district. Saarbrücker Druckerei und Verlag, 1984, ISBN 978-3921646731 , p. 9.

[5] Cilli Kasper-Holtkatte: Jews on the move. On the social history of a minority in the Saar-Mosel area around 1800. In: Helmut Castritius (Ed.), Alfred Haverkamp (Ed.), Franz Irsigler (Ed.), Stefi Jersch-Wenzel (Ed.): Research on the history of the Jews (= Research on the history of the Jews. Volume 3). Hahnsche Buchhandlung Verlag, Hanover 1996, ISBN 978-3775256124 , pp. 32-44. ( Digitized version )

[6] Commemorative Book Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Federal Archives. Retrieved November 23, 2019.

[7] Central database of the names of Holocaust victims . Yad Vashem - International Holocaust Memorial. Retrieved November 23, 2019.