Synagogue (Spiesen)

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The house on the site of the synagogue

The synagogue of Spiesen was located at Butterberg 6a in the Spiesen district of the Spiesen-Elversberg community . It was in the immediate vicinity of the Catholic parish church of St. Ludwig . Today there is a residential building at this point.

history

As early as 1819 there was a building in Spiesen that was used by the Jewish community as a school and synagogue. The new synagogue was inaugurated on May 5, 1861. The synagogue had a mikvah and a simple rectangular prayer hall in the basement. After the synagogue was abandoned in 1935, it was sold to a merchant who converted the synagogue into a residential and commercial building. It is no longer possible to determine whether and how much of the synagogue's building fabric is present in the residential building on the site today. The only reference to the synagogue is a cast-iron sign that is located on the front, under a circumferential canopy, at a height of about 2 meters and bears the following inscription: " The synagogue stood here from 1861-1935 "

Jewish community of Spiesen

As early as 1790 there were three Jewish families living in Spiesen, who had been under the protection of Prince Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken since 1788 . There was a Jewish private school in Spiesen until the 1870s. After it was closed, the children attended the local Protestant school. In 1908 the community was still looking for a religious teacher, cantor and schochet . Until 1830 the deceased of the community were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Illingen . From 1831, the burials took place in today's Jewish cemetery in Neunkirchen on the Spieser Höhe. This was created together with the Jewish community of Neunkirchen. Around 1900 the Jewish community had 66 members. By 1927 the number of parishioners had decreased to 22 due to emigration.

In the period from 1920 to 1935, the Saar area was under the administration of the League of Nations due to the Treaty of Versailles . Since the government commission of the Saar area feared riots similar to those in the German Reich after Hitler came to power in 1933 , the police authorities issued a decree to protect Jewish citizens, their property and their facilities. After the referendum in 1935, the Saar area was annexed to the German Reich. The persecution of the Jewish population began here too. As early as 1935, part of the synagogue's inventory was destroyed. The last 14 members of the Jewish community then left the place by the end of 1936.

The following members of the Jewish community known by name were murdered or committed suicide during the time of National Socialism :

Surname First name Time of death Age Place of death comment swell
Baumgarten Emma November 11, 1942 85 Theresienstadt ghetto Deported from Cologne to the Theresienstadt ghetto on September 25, 1942. A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.11469883).

B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany.

Feis Leopold February 17, 1942 70 Hamburg Voted suicide in Hamburg. A) Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11495433).

B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany.

Feis Edmund September 9, 1942 46 Auschwitz concentration camp Deportation from the Drancy assembly camp . A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.5576595).

B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany.

Siber Emma unknown unknown Sobibor extermination camp After emigrating to France on March 25, 1943, deported with Transport 53 from the Drancy camp to the Sobibor extermination camp and murdered there. Yad Vashem (database, record no.3219012).
Jacob Oskar Isidor unknown unknown unknown Deported from his dormitory to an unknown location in 1942. A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.11531664).

B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany.

Kallmann Sophie (Sofie or Sophy or Fanny) unknown unknown unknown Deported to the Izbica ghetto on April 24, 1942 . Declared dead. A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.11535915).

B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany.

Mayer Adalbert unknown unknown Auschwitz concentration camp After emigrating to the Netherlands, deported to Auschwitz on September 24, 1943. Declared dead. A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.11590605).

B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany.

Mayer Elias unknown unknown Treblinka extermination camp Deported from Hamburg to the Theresienstadt ghetto on July 15, 1942. From there deposited on September 21, 1942 to Treblinka and murdered there. A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.11590767).

B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany.

Mayer flora unknown unknown Auschwitz concentration camp Deported from Dortmund to the Theresienstadt ghetto on July 29, 1942. Deported to Auschwitz concentration camp on December 18, 1943 and murdered there. A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.11590860).

B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany.

Mayer Hans March 31, 1944 25th Auschwitz concentration camp After emigrating to the Netherlands in 1942, deported from Westerbork to the Auschwitz concentration camp. A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.11590927).

B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany.

Mayer Rebekah unknown unknown Auschwitz concentration camp Deported from Dortmund to the Theresienstadt ghetto on July 29, 1942. Deported to Auschwitz concentration camp on December 18, 1943 and murdered there. A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.11591405).

B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany.

Meyer Dolphins unknown unknown Auschwitz concentration camp Deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto via Luxembourg on July 29, 1942. Deported to Auschwitz concentration camp on September 6, 1943, where he was murdered. A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.11593549).

B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany.

wolf Hedwig unknown unknown unknown Deported from Trier in 1943. The destination of the deportation is unknown. Declared dead. A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.11656646).

B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany.

Zondervan Gertrude Tanny September 7, 1942 36 Auschwitz concentration camp After emigrating to the Netherlands in 1942, deported from Westerbork to the Auschwitz concentration camp. A) Yad Vashem (database, record no.11660823).

B) Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany.

  1. ↑ In the Yad Vashem database he is listed as Edmund Feis as well as Edmond Feiss. It cannot be verified whether he got the name himself when he fled to Belgium and France or whether he received it from the French or Belgian authorities.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Spiesen (Spiesen-Elversberg community, Neunkirchen district, Saarland) Jewish history / prayer hall / synagogue On: www.alemannia-judaica.de, accessed on November 9, 2018
  2. ↑ Der Israelit: a central organ for orthodox Judaism, complete edition, issue 14 of April 2, 1908 (PDF download) - advert on page 18 - at: sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de, accessed on November 10, 2018
  3. ↑ From the history of the Jewish community in the German-speaking area - Spiesen . From: www.jüdische-gemeinden.de, accessed on November 11, 2018
  4. ↑ From the history of the Jewish community in the German-speaking area - Blieskastel . From: www.jüdische-gemeinden.de, accessed on November 9, 2018
  5. ^ Directory of names of the online version of the memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews . From: www.bundesarchiv.de, accessed on November 9, 2018
  6. ↑ Yad Vashem - Central database of the names of the Holocaust victims . From: yvng.yadvashem.org, accessed November 9, 2018