Synagogue (Niederemmel)

Niederemmel synagogue
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place	Niederemmel
Architectural style	Quarry stone construction
Construction year	1930
Coordinates	49 ° 52 '37 "  N , 6 ° 55' 25.2"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 52 '37 "  N , 6 ° 55' 25.2"  E

The synagogue in Niederemmel was built in 1930 on Am Römerbrunnen 4. The synagogue was devastated during the November pogroms in 1938 . In 1945, after the restitution proceedings were concluded, the building was sold to a private individual who converted the synagogue into a residential building that is still in use today.

synagogue

A prayer room had existed in Niederemmel since 1829. This was used by the Jewish residents of Niederemmel and Müstert , who formed a joint Jewish community. Due to the increased number of Jewish community members in the middle of the 19th century, a synagogue was built in Müstert at Karthäuserstraße 23 in 1855. In 1930 the board of directors of the Jewish community decided to sell the synagogue in Müstert and to build a new synagogue in Niederemmel at 4 Am Römerbrunnen. For this purpose, an existing building was bought and converted into a synagogue. The cost of the renovation and renovation measures amounted to 8,000 RM . On October 10, 1930, the synagogue was inaugurated with the participation of the mayor and the local population. The rituals were transferred in a procession from the old to the new synagogue. The synagogue had three arched windows on the ground floor where the prayer room was located. The synagogue was devastated during the November pogroms in 1938. In 1945, after the restitution proceedings had been concluded , the building was sold to a private person who converted the synagogue into a residential building that is still in use today.

Jewish community Niederemmel

The first Jews lived in the Niederemmel area as early as the 17th century. The Jewish inhabitants of Niederemmel and Müstert together formed the Müstert-Emmel synagogue community . Until about the middle of the 19th century, the Jewish inhabitants of Müstert made up the largest proportion of members of the Jewish community. From this point on, the number of Jewish residents in Müstert declined. In 1895 the highest number of parishioners was reached. Since there were no more Jews living in Müstert in 1890, the Jewish communities of Niederemmel and Neumagen were then merged into one Jewish community. In 1909, when the number of Jews living in Niederemmel exceeded the number of Jewish community members in Neumagen, efforts were made to establish an independent religious community in Niederemmel. However, the relevant application was rejected by the authorities. From this point on, the community called itself Synagogue Community Neumagen-Niederemmel . It can be assumed that the community had a mikveh and a classroom. The community did not have its own cemetery. The deceased were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Neumagen . From 1933, after the seizure of power of Adolf Hitler , the Jewish inhabitants were increasingly disenfranchised. In addition, there were repeated anti-Jewish actions that culminated in the November pogroms in 1938. As a result, more Jewish families left Niederemmel. The last inhabitants of the Jewish faith were deported in 1942

Development of the Jewish population

year	Jews	Jewish families	comment
1808	20th		Niederemmel 8 and Müstert 12
1843	61		Niederemmel 19 and Müstert 42
1858	58
1868	57
1895	73		6 percent of the population
1933		27
1935	55

Source: alemannia-judaica.de; jewische-gemeinden.de

Holocaust victim

In the memorial book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945 and in the Central Database of the Names of the Holocaust Victims of Yad Vashem , the following members of the Niederemmel Jewish community (who were born there or lived temporarily) are listed who were born during the time of Nazism were murdered:

Surname	First name	Time of death	Age	Place of death	comment	swell
heart	Jacob	unknown	unknown	Treblinka extermination camp	Deportation on July 15, 1942 from Hamburg to Ghetto Theresienstadt (Transport VI / 1 / Deportation number in Transport 334). Deportation on September 21, 1942 from Ghetto Theresienstadt to the Treblinka extermination camp (Transport VI / 1 / Deportation number in Transport 1335).	Yad Vashem (database, record no. 4831567, 11520414) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Boat	Johanna	October 14, 1942	76 years	Theresienstadt ghetto	Deported on September 25, 1942 from Cologne to Theresienstadt ghetto.	Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11534879) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
body	Alwine	August 13, 1942	71 years	Theresienstadt ghetto	Deportation on July 27, 1942 from Trier-Cologne to Ghetto Theresienstadt (transport III / 2, train Da 76 / deportation number in transport 535).	Yad Vashem (database, record no. 4848261 and 11572138) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
body	Amalie	December 1942	70 years	Theresienstadt ghetto	Deportation on July 27, 1942 from Trier-Cologne to Ghetto Theresienstadt (Transport III / 2, train Da 76 / deportation number in Transport 225).	Yad Vashem (database, record no. 4848172 and 11572139) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
body	Leopold	unknown	unknown	Treblinka extermination camp	Deportation on July 27, 1942 from Trier-Cologne to Ghetto Theresienstadt (Transport III / 2, train Da 76. Deportation number in transport 227). Deportation on September 19, 1942 from Ghetto Theresienstadt to the Treblinka extermination camp (Transport Bo, train Da 83 / deportation number in Transport 1701).	Yad Vashem (database, record no. 4865228 and 11572161) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
body	Raphael	unknown	unknown	Jungfernhof warehouse	Deported on December 6, 1941 from Hamburg to the Jungfernhof camp.	Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11572169) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
body	pink	unknown	unknown	Auschwitz concentration camp	Deportation on July 27, 1942 from Trier-Cologne to Ghetto Theresienstadt (Transport III / 2, train Da 76. Deportation number in transport 536). Deportation on May 15, 1944 from Ghetto Theresienstadt to Auschwitz concentration camp (Transport Transport Dz / deportation number in Transport 826).	Yad Vashem (database, record no. 4864450 and 11572171) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
body	Solomon	unknown	unknown	Litzmannstadt ghetto	Deported on October 16, 1941 from Luxembourg to the Litzmannstadt ghetto.	Yad Vashem (database, data set No. 1792064 and 11572172) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Levy	Regina	March 3, 1943	62 years	Auschwitz concentration camp	Deported on March 1, 1943 from Luxembourg to Auschwitz concentration camp.	Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11575625) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Mendel	David	November 27, 1938	71 years	Saarbrücken	Imprisoned in the Dachau concentration camp from November 15, 1938 to November 20, 1938	Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11592265) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Easter	Elise	unknown	unknown	Izbica Ghetto	Deported on March 22, 1942 from Koblenz to Ghetto Izbica.	Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11604003) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Easter	Meta	unknown	unknown	Izbica Ghetto	Deported on March 22, 1942 from Koblenz to Ghetto Izbica.	Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11604039) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Spira	Ilse	unknown	unknown	Kalevi-Liiva dunes and forest area	Deportation on September 24 or 26, 1942.	Yad Vashem (database, dataset No. 11638354 and 1744280) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
↑ Whether David Mendel died after his return from the consequences of imprisonment in Dachau or whether there were other circumstances that led to his death cannot be inferred from the sources. The memorial book gives Saarbrücken as the place of death and November 27, 1938 as the time of death. The Yad Vashem database gives neither the place nor the time of death, although it refers to the memorial book.

literature

• Stefan Fischbach, Ingrid Westerhoff: "... and this is the gate of heaven". Synagogues in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland . Published by the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate, State Conservatory Office of the Saarland, Synagogue Memorial Jerusalem. ( Memorial book of the synagogues in Germany , 2). Verlag Philipp von Zabern , Mainz 2005, ISBN 3-8053-3313-7 , pp. 310-311.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Müstert and Niederemmel . alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Niederemmel (Rhineland-Palatinate) . jewische-gemeinden.de. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
3. ↑ Commemorative Book Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Federal Archives. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
4. ^ Central database of the names of Holocaust victims . Yad Vashem - International Holocaust Memorial. Retrieved June 2, 2020.