Wanne-Eickel synagogue community
The synagogue community Wanne-Eickel was a unified Jewish community in the Ruhr area . It was founded on October 1, 1907. With the political incorporation of Wanne-Eickel into Herne (January 1, 1975), the respective synagogue communities were also united. Since 1953 the Herner is part of the Jewish community Bochum-Herne-Hattingen .
history
The first verifiable Jewish family in the area of the former town of Wanne-Eickel is recorded in the butcher Abraham Leeser , who had lived in Eickel since 1806 and moved from Sobernheim . The butcher's shop he founded was later at Bahnhofstrasse 7 and, in the first half of the 20th century, at Hauptstrasse 177 . Ultimately, however, his family was atypical for the high fluctuation of the Jewish population in Wanne-Eickel.
“In contrast to Soest and Anröchte, the Jewish community in Wanne-Eickel cannot look back on a great past or long tradition. … In Wanne-Eickel there were only a few long-established Jews. Only one colleague had worked before me. When I took office in 1924, however, there was a firmly established community with a synagogue, school, cemetery and clubs. The community, including the Eastern Jewish members, was consistently liberal, and despite some contradictions there were no religious or political battles during my tenure. …. "
In 1897 a »Provisional Committee« was formed in Wanne-Eickel with the primary aim of establishing a burial brotherhood . At the same time, he was the driving force behind the separation from the Bochum synagogue community. The fact that Eickel received a tram connection to Bochum in 1896 made the merger with Wanne more difficult , so that the Arnsberg government's rejection in 1898 - to form an independent synagogue community - was the result due to a lack of financial resources. With the decision to build a synagogue immediately south of the Wanne-Eickel train station , however, the way to the foundation was paved. The Jews from Holsterhausen and Röhlinghausen also belonged to the community. While the Jewish population in Wanne-Eickel was around 170 to 195 inhabitants at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 1930s, it peaked in the 1920s at 276. In 1937, 124 Jews lived in Wanne-Eickel, After the Reichspogromnacht in 1938 it fell to 59 in 1939. As a result of murder and displacement during the Holocaust , it fell to only 6 by 1946. The synagogue was destroyed. From now on the dead were buried in Gelsenkirchen-Bulmke .
On the main street in Wanne, the former Hindenburgstrasse, numerous residential and commercial buildings still remind of the Jewish families who once lived here. They ran butchers, textile, food and furniture shops here. Particularly noteworthy is the Kaiserpassage in Mozart Street, following the department store of Abraham Weinberg . The glass roof that was built between 1904 and 1912 had to be removed as early as the 1920s due to the heavy air pollution . So-called ghetto or Jewish houses for the concentrated accommodation of Jews before their deportation to the extermination camps were the previous poorhouse at Auf der Wilbe 31 in Röhlinghausen and the house on Emscherstraße 142 from 1941 .
See also
literature
- Ralf Piorr (ed. On behalf of the city of Herne): "Seams felt here ..." On the history of the Jews in Herne and Wanne-Eickel. Klartext Verlag , Essen 2002, ISBN 3-89861-101-9 .
- Elfi Pracht-Jörns : Jewish cultural heritage in North Rhine-Westphalia. Part V: Arnsberg district. (= Contributions to the architectural and art monuments of Westphalia, Volume 1.3 ) JP Bachem Verlag , Cologne 2005, ISBN 3-7616-1449-7 , pp. 188–193 and Figure 129–133.
Web links
- Wanne-Eickel synagogue. accessed on synagogen.net on October 27, 2013.