Syncarpia glomulifera
| Syncarpia glomulifera | ||||||||||||
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Syncarpia glomulifera |
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| Syncarpia glomulifera | ||||||||||||
| ( Sm. ) Nied. |
Syncarpia glomulifera, or turpentine tree , is a large tree in the myrtle family from eastern Australia . It was also introduced in South and East Africa .
description
Syncarpia glomulifera grows as a large evergreen tree up to 40–50 meters or more, but in exposed locations it can also be only 3 meters high. The trunk diameter can reach 100-150 centimeters. The grayish, thick bark is fibrous, fibrous and longitudinally fissured, furrowed and in fringes, tearing off strips. The tree has an aromatic, reddish resin .
The entire, short stalked and simple, leathery, somewhat stiff leaves are ovate to elliptical, lanceolate. They are arranged at the branch ends in dummy whorls or opposite on the branches. The short petiole is 0.7-1.5 inches long, the blade is about 6-12 inches long and 2.5-4.5 inches wide. The tip is rounded to pointed, the base is pointed to blunt and the underside of the leaves are sometimes short white felt. The nerve is pinnate. The young leaves are hairy and purple in color. The leaves have oil glands. There are no stipules.
The hairy inflorescences are axillary small, stalked heads with up to 7 flowers that stand together in small groups. The inflorescence stalk is 2.5–5 inches long. The four- to five-fold flowers with a double flower cover are sessile. There are two to four small, hairy and pointed bracts . The cylindrical flower cup is fine-haired and has a short staminophore (a tissue band around the tip of the hypanthium ). The short, felty sepals are triangular and 1.5–2.2 millimeters long. The free, small and spreading, egg-shaped to rounded petals are hairy, up to 2.5-3.5 millimeters long and whitish.
The many, long and free stamens with white stamens are arranged in two circles on the staminophore. The mostly three-chamber ovary is underneath with a long stylus with a small, heady and lobed stigma .
The individual woody, brown capsule fruits with persistent sepals stand together in an approximately 1.6–2 centimeter, somewhat flattened and rounded, more or less hairy, fruit association with persistent bracts. There may also be remains of the stylus on the capsules. The capsules open at the top with usually three small, sunken flaps and they contain many small, elongated, narrow and brownish, about 1.5-3 millimeters long seeds. The fruit dressings often hang unopened for years.
Systematics
The first description of Basionyms Metrosideros glomulifera was made in 1797 by James Edward Smith in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 3: 269. The new combination to Syncarpia glomulifera in 1893 by Franz Josef Niedenzu in the natural plant families 3 (7): 88. Various synonyms known.
There are two subspecies:
- Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glomerulifera : leaves and branches bare, and fruit associations almost bare
- Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. glabra (Benth.) ARBean : leaves and twigs and fruit associations hairy
use
The heavy, very durable and flame-retardant wood is in great demand. The resin is also used.
literature
- AR Bean : A Revision of Syncarpia Ten. (Myrtaceae). In: Austrobaileya. Vol. 4, No. 3, 1995, pp. 337-344, JSTOR 41738869 .
- DJ Boland, MIH Brooker, MW McDonald and others: Forest Trees of Australia. Fifth Edition, CSIRO, 2006, ISBN 0-643-06969-0 , pp. 628 f.
- JH Maiden : The Forest Flora of New South Wales. Vol. 1, Gullick, 1904, pp. 15 f, Pl. 3, online at biodiversitylibrary.org.
Web links
- Syncarpia glomulifera at Useful Tropical Plants.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Syncarpia glomulifera - Turpentine (PDF), from Hornsby Shire Council, accessed May 18, 2019.
- ^ The Plant List
- ^ Syncarpia glomulifera at KEW Science.