Mocha (coffee)

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Pour mocha from the cezve into the cup
Accessories for a Turkish coffee

Under mocha , Turkish coffee or Greek spirit mocha means a coffee , the on original way by pouring water into a tank filled with dust finely ground coffee jug ( Ibrik , Briki is made) in the sand bed in the embers of a fire or to a hot cooking plate. It is the most original way of making coffee. Therefore, before the invention of filter coffee, every coffee was a mocha coffee. The coffee grounds that are poured into the cup when pouring it are characteristic of mocha .

The name Mocha is derived from the Yemeni port city of al-Muchā ( Mocha ) on the Red Sea , from where the coffee of the Coffea arabica variety, originally from Ethiopia, was shipped all over the world. The preparation of mocha and Turkish coffee culture have been part of the intangible Unesco world cultural heritage since 2013. Greek and Turkish mocha are identical, as this probably spread during the Ottoman rule .

In Austria , mocha is simply black coffee without sugar or milk .

Arabic, Turkish and Balkan mocha

Two traditional producers of Turkish coffee: Kurukahveci Mehmet Efendi, founded in Istanbul in 1871, and Kocatepe, founded in Ankara in 1949.
Preparation of a mocha with a typical repeated boiling process. In picture 7 of the picture you can see unground cardamom on the lower left and ground cinnamon on the right.

The Arabic mocha is usually seasoned with cardamom and unsweetened and served very hot. In addition to cardamom, cinnamon and cloves are also popular as a spice for mocha.

In contrast, Turkish mocha is always sweetened and rarely seasoned with rose water . There are the levels sade, az şekerli, orta şekerli and tam şekerli kahve (unsweetened, slightly sweetened, medium sweet and heavily sweetened). The same applies to the Greek mocha (levels: σκέτος skétos - unsweetened, με ολίγη me olígi - slightly sweetened, μέτριος métrios - medium sweet, γλυκός glykós - sweet and βαρύ γλυκός varý glykos - strong and very sweet). However, the Greeks hardly ever season their coffee (a little ouzo or mastic liqueur is rarely added). The mocha that is drunk in the former Yugoslavia - mostly called turska kafa (Bosnian, Serbian), turska kava (Croatian, Serbian) or turška kava (Slovenian), is also unseasoned and drunk with little to no sugar.

This type of coffee preparation is probably the oldest known type of coffee preparation. Originally, however, the jug was not heated directly (hotplate, gas flame), but slowly brought to boiling temperature in a bed of hot sand on a fireplace; an old method of preparation that has been making a comeback in Greece for several years (with specially made electric plates with a sand bed). This tradition of preparation is currently experiencing a comeback in the metropolis of Istanbul : In the course of the expansion of Turkish coffee houses and cafés, the old way is increasingly being used. This is not just done for nostalgic and aesthetic reasons. The Turkish coffee is heated particularly gently in this way and thus experiences a perfect development of its aroma.

The long-handled jug for preparing a mocha is called Ibrik (Greek briki , μπρίκι), depending on the language and country, also called cezve (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovenian džezva ). The picture shows a rather simple stainless steel Ibrik with a plastic handle. Bad steel can affect the taste. In the former Yugoslavia, enameled džezve are common. An Ibrik is made of tin-plated copper or brass in proper style. Usually, a number is stamped on the bottom of the Ibrik which indicates the number of cups for which it is intended.

The coffee for a mocha preferably comes from the growing regions of Ethiopia and Yemen , but other types of coffee can also be used without further ado as long as it has been ground to a fine powder. In the Balkans, this fine coffee is usually sold as "Minas kafa" (Bosn., Serb.) Or "Minas kava" (Croat., Slovene). The designation "Minas" stands for the coffee growing region of Minas in Brazil.

Viennese mocha

Mocha Cup (around 1955)

In the Viennese coffee house tradition, a mocha (also black ) describes a black coffee without sugar and milk. Originally such a coffee was filtered in a strainer ( Karlsbader Kanne ). Nowadays it comes from the espresso machine . So if you order a mocha in Vienna, you will receive a little black one .

Turek

In the Czech Republic and Slovakia, coffee is often served and drunk as turek or turecká káva . In contrast to the original Turkish variant, a teaspoon with commercially available coffee powder (compared to mocha or espresso coarsely ground) in a cup or glass is simply poured with boiling water, sugared if necessary and drunk three to four minutes after the coffee powder has settled.

This way of serving was also common in the gastronomy of the GDR. This variant is still common in Poland today, but mostly we are talking about kawa naturalna (“natural” powder, no instant coffee) or kawa parzona (brewed).

Mocha and chocolate

The taste of the coffee beans of the mocha variety is slightly reminiscent of chocolate , although it does not contain cocoa . During the economic miracle of the 1950s in Germany, the term was often used for sweet products with a coffee and cocoa flavor, such as mocha ice cream, mocha chocolate or mocha mixed milk drinks , but more fashionable names such as latte macchiato are usually used today. In the USA and Great Britain , in German-speaking countries also in coffee vending machines or coffee house chains based on the American model, the mocha describes a coffee with cocoa or chocolate, usually it also contains milk or cream.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Turkish coffee culture and tradition. UNESCO, 2013, accessed March 18, 2014 .
  2. ↑ Arzu Çakır MORİN: Türk kahvesi Unesco korumasında. Retrieved May 1, 2020 (Turkish).
  3. ↑ Kavárenské noviny: Česká Turecká káva. In: Kavárník. July 23, 2013, accessed May 1, 2020 (Czech).
  4. ↑ This is a different coffee! Retrieved May 1, 2020 .

Web links

Commons : Mocha (Coffee)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Mocha  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wikibooks: Making a Mocha / Turkish Coffee  - Learning and Teaching Materials