Tacht-e Rustam (Farah)

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تخت رستم
Tacht-e Rustam
Tacht-e Rustam (Afghanistan)
Tacht-e Rustam
Tacht-e Rustam
Coordinates 32 ° 8 ′  N , 61 ° 56 ′  E Coordinates: 32 ° 8 ′  N , 61 ° 56 ′  E
Basic data
Country Afghanistan

province

Farah
District Qala ye kah
ISO 3166-2 AF-FRA
height 609 m

Tacht-e Rostam ( Persian تخت رستم, 'Throne of Rostam ', also Tacht-e Rustam ) is in the district of Qala ye Kah (Qalkah-ye Chwadschah) near the Farah in the province of Farah in today's Afghanistan .

location

Tacht-e Rostam is a Zoroastrian fire temple with a citadel , which is about 15 km southeast of the city of Farah.

History and historical name changes

Apparently it is an approx. 1800 year old fortress that was built in the time of the Sassanids . Although this structure - which is also a place - is known as the Throne of Rostam , Afghan experts claim that this structure is Kak Kohzad ( Persian کک کهزاد; Kohzad Fortress ). Kak Kohzad ( mountain son ) is a figure of the mythology of the Iranian highlands and is mentioned several times in Shahnameh. Like Rostam, he was also a pahlawan, a wrestler who acted as Rostam's antagonist .

The fortress is also called Kafir Qala ( Persian کافر قلعه; Heiden-Burg or Castle Pagan ). Again the Afghan sides claim that this fortress was built by the Greek general Alexander. Although the Greek warlord and worldlord did not live at that time, the art-historical building turns out to be ancient Greek features in terms of the manner in which it was built. But this is about a cultural and art-historical syncretism of architecture from the Graeco-Sassanid or Bactrian times. The buildings or fortresses Bala Hissar of Herat , Balch , Bam , Bamiyan and Kabul are mixed forms in religious and cultural terms.

Almost all medidation temples in the Iranian highlands - with numerous combinations of Zoroastrian, Buddhist, Hindu and Hellenistic world views, even from the Islamic era, are located on hills or mountains that are up to 2000 m high in Alburz , Zagros and Hindu Kush . The Koh e Hindus z. B. in the Hindu Kush are all up to 2000 m high. The Islamic festivals are celebrated next to cemeteries on the slopes of the mountains. In addition, Farah also belonged to the Hindu tradition or culture of the Gandhara .

This fortress, also on a mountain hill, had been equipped with various apartments, sports rooms and a zurich . A deep well served as a water supply. The fortress was also of military importance. There was a fortress nearby that was or is named after Zal Zar , father of Rostam. Approx. 1000 Karez plants took care of the cultivation of the region underground. Hirmand or Helmand and Farahrud played a major role in agriculture. Only a ruin remains of the Kabah e Zaratuscht or Rostam's hat. The street or avenue that led to the fortress was called Kui e Chayaban .

Qala e Kafir or Qala e Kohzad are names of numerous other places or ruins in the Iranian highlands, in Herat , near Islam Qala in Khorasan (Iran), in Sistan and Baluchistan , in Nimruz , in the province of Balch and in Zabul and Zabol . Although most of the Zoroastrian fire temples, called Tacht-e Rostam or Tacht-e Rustam, are in these triangular countries (Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan), they are not among the seven famous fireplaces of antiquity.

A fortress named after Fereydūn ( Persian فریدون), lies in an area of ​​approx. 300 jrib (1 jrib = 2.5 hectares). In various cities of ancient Iran or Ariana (today Afghanistan , Iran and Tajikistan ), historical buildings have been erected in Rostam's honor. Most of the historical works of art have been named after him and after various figures from Iranian mythology. Farah belonged to the historical region of Zabulistan . This is also where Rostam e Dastan was born .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Habibo Brechna, The History of Afghanistan: Historical Events , Stories, and Memories, Zurich, 2011, p. 23