Rigging

This article deals with the classification of sailing ships, for all standing and running rigging, see rigging .

The rigging is a way of describing sailing vehicles through the arrangement of masts and their equipment with sails . This alone can be used to designate ship types , but these are often refined by combining rigging and other properties such as the description of the hull . Even in the area of ​​rigging, some boats or ships can be assigned to two groups, so the optimist is both spritz- and cat-rigged. Using certain words in this context sometimes creates new definitions in the sense of a technical language . So fully rigged means that a mast is equipped with square sails along its entire length.

	designation	Number of masts	possible sail types	more detailed description	Category in Wikipedia
	Cat rigging	1 ≥	Schratsegel	without headsail .
	Sloop	1	Schratsegel	A mast with a mainsail and foresail . Most common type of rigging of modern leisure yachts.	Category: sloop
	Cutter rigging	1	Schratsegel	A mast with mainsail and possibly topsail as well as two or three headsails
	Spray rigging	1 ≥	Spritsail
	Ketch	2	Schratsegel	The front mast is higher than the rear mast, the rear mast is within the construction waterline	Category: Ketch rigged ship
	Galeas	2	Schratsegel	another name for a ketch	Category: Ketch rigged ship
	Yawl	2	Schratsegel	front mast higher than rear mast. the rear mast is outside the construction waterline	Category: Yawl
	Half brig	2	Forage and square sails	another name for a schooner brig	Category: Brigantine
	Brigantine	2	Forage and square sails	Square sail on foremast; a gaff sail on the rear main mast and a square sail above	Category: Brigantine
	Schoonerbrigg	2	Forage and square sails	On foremast with full square sail rigging; on the rear mainmast only sling sails	Category: Brigantine
	brig	2	Forage and square sails	all masts are fully rigged	Category: Brigg
	Lugger rigging	2 ≥	Lug sail	front masts can be folded down, the small mizzen mast is set extremely far back.
	More beautiful	2 ≥	Forged or square sail	front mast smaller than or equal to the rear mast	Category: schooner
	Gaff saver	2 ≥	Schratsegel	like schooner , but only stay or gaff sails	Category: schooner
	Schnau	2 ≥	Forage and square sails	The gaff sail of the main mast does not have a tree, the gaff and the luff of the gaff sail is driven on a thinner spar, the Schnaumast , attached behind the mast .	Category: Brigg
	Topsail schooner	2 ≥	Forage and square sails	Foremast with a Rahtop made of Bramrahen, possibly Marsrah	Category: topsail schooner
	Barque	3 ≥	Forage and square sails	Full square sail rigging on the front masts, gaff sails on the last mast	Category: Bark
	Schoonerbark	3 ≥	Forage and square sails	Fully rigged square sail on the front mast, the other masts carry stay or gaff sails	Category: Schonerbark
	Barquentines	3 ≥	Forage and square sails	Another name for a schooner bark , formerly a schooner bark with an additional yard stop on the main mast	Category: Schonerbark
	Hermaphrodite barque	3 ≥	Forage and square sails	Another name for a schooner bark	Category: Schonerbark
	Bar schooner	3 ≥	Forage and square sails	Another name for a schooner bark	Category: Schonerbark
	Jackassbark	3 ≥	Forage and square sails	front masts fully rigged, rear masts pitched sails, provided that there is an odd number of masts, middle masted pitched sail and square top	Category: Schonerbark
	Polka Bark	3 ≥	Forage and square sails	Gaff sails on all three masts and square top on the two front masts	Category: topsail schooner
	Full ship	3 ≥	Forage and square sails	All masts are fully rigged, the aft mast also has a gaff sail (mizzen sail).	Category: Full ship
	Vinnen schooner	5	Forage and square sails	A special form of the top sail schooner from the shipping company FA Vinnen & Co. , Bremen, which combines a square and square sail in a special way. Five-mast gaff schooner, which also drove three square sails in the style of top sail schooners on the fore and middle mast.	Category: topsail schooner

Note on the column number of masts: "≥" means "or more".

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Joachim Schult: Segler-Lexikon . 13th updated edition. Delius Klasing, Bielefeld 2008, ISBN 978-3-7688-1041-8
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Jens Kusk Jensen: Handbook of practical seamanship on traditional sailing ships . RKE-Verlag, Kiel 1989, ISBN 3-924381-15-1 , p. 119–128 (German reprint of the original edition from 1924).
3. ↑ ^{a b} Otto Lueger: Brigantine. In: Lexicon of entire technology and its auxiliary sciences, Vol. 4. zeno.org, 1906, p. 299 , accessed on April 12, 2011 . 
4. ↑ ^{a b c} Friedrich Ludwig Middendorf: Masting and rigging of the ships . Horst Hamecher, Kassel 1977, ISBN 3-86195-561-X , p. 16 (reprint of the original from 1903).
5. ^ Otto Lueger: Bark. In: Lexicon of all technology and its auxiliary sciences, Vol. 1. zeno.org, 1906, p. 548 , accessed on April 12, 2011 . 
6. ↑ Pictures of Carl Vinnen

literature

• Siegfried Fornaçon, Gerhard Salemke: Lommen and Buxer, popular ships in East and West Prussia (Das Logbuch, special edition). Ed .: Working Group Histor. Shipbuilding e. V., Brilon-Gudenhagen 1988.
• Alfred Dudszus, Ernest Henriot, Friedrich Krumrey: The great book of ship types. Ships, boats, rafts under oars and sails. Historical ship and boat finds. Famous sailing ships . 3. unchang. Aufl., Transpress VEB Verlag for Transport, Berlin 1988 ISBN 3-344-00312-7 .
• François-Edmond Pâris: Souvenirs de marine conservés, ou Collection de plans de navires de guerre et de commerce et de bateaux divers de tous les pays tracés par les constructeurs ou marins . Paris 1879.
• Walter Ried: German sailing since 1470 . Lehmann, Munich 1974
• CGE Crone: Dutch yachts, binnenschepen, visschersvaartuigen en daarmee related small zeeschepen, 1650-1900 . Schiepers, Schiedam 1978
• Horst Menzel: Smakken, Kuffen, Galioten, three almost forgotten types of ships from the 18th and 19th centuries (German Maritime Museum, Bremerhaven: Writings of the German Maritime Museum, vol. 47).
• Hans Szymanski: German sailing ships. The history of the wooden cargo sailors on the German Ost- u. North Sea coast, from the end of the 18th century to the present day (publications by the Institute for Oceanography at the University of Berlin, B., Historisch-Volkswirtschaftliche Reihe, no.10). Mittler, Berlin 1934.
• Hanne Poulsen: Danske skibsportrætmalere . Archery Club 1985.
• EW Petrejus: Oude zeilschepen en hun models: binnenschepen, yachts, en vissersschepen . Unieboek, Bussum 1971.
• EW Petrejus: Scheeps models, inland Schepen . Van Dishoeck, Bussum 1964.
• Bernhard Hagedorn: The development of the most important ship types up to the 19th century (publications by the Association for Hamburg History, Vol. 1). Graefe, Hamburg 1914. Freely accessible digitized version at Internet Archive
• Karl Heinz Marquardt: Masting and rigging of ships of the 18th century . Hinstorff, Rostock 1986.

Web links

• Literature list of the typological development of the ship in the library of the German Maritime Museum, Bremerhaven