Telopea
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Telopea truncata |
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Telopea is a plant genus in the family of proteaceae (Proteaceae) with five species.
description
Telopea species are evergreen shrubs or rarely small trees that reach heights of 3 to 5 meters and usually have several trunks. The spirally arranged leaves are shaped differently on young and older plants. On young plants the leaves are simple with a smooth or serrated margin, on older plants they are simple, but with wavy to lobed edges. The leaves are 10 to 20 cm long and 2 to 3 cm wide.
The terminal total inflorescences are dense, egg-shaped or spherical, have a diameter of 6 to 15 cm and a ring of reddish bracts ; they contain up to 250 individual flowers. The total inflorescences consist of pseudo-racemose partial inflorescences in which the flowers stand together in pairs. The zygomorphic flowers are red. The pollination is carried by birds. In the bud, the bracts are strongly curved. There is a horseshoe-shaped nectarium.
The follicles are lignified. The seeds are winged.
Systematics and distribution
The natural occurrence area is in the southeast of Australia : in New South Wales , Victoria and Tasmania .
Wa-ra-ta [waratah (Telopea speciosissima)], George Raper , watercolor; 40 × 31.1 cm (around 1789)
Telopea speciosissima
Telopea oreades
Telopea mongaensis
Within the silver tree family, the closest relatives appear to be the genera Alloxylon , Oreocallis and Embothrium , all of which are red-flowering plants in the South Pacific of Australia. Together they form the sub-tribus of the Embothriinae from the tribe Embothrieae in the subfamily Grevilleoideae within the family of the Proteaceae .
The genus Telopea was named Proteaceae in 1810 by Robert Brown in On the natural order of plants. First published in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London , 10 (1), p. 197 without type species. In the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN), Berlin, 1988, a lectotype was identified by WR Greuter: Regnum Vegetabile 118: 191: Telopea speciosissima (Sm.) R.Br. established and the genus name Telopea preserved, with the name Hylogyne Salisb published in 1809 . ex Knight was rejected.
The five Telopea species have ranges that do not or only minimally overlap; from north to south these are:
- Telopea aspera Crisp & PHWeston - In northeastern New South Wales.
- Telopea mongaensis Cheel - In southeastern New South Wales.
- Telopea oreades F. Muell. - South Victoria.
- Telopea speciosissima ( Sm. ) R.Br. - In east New South Wales.
- Telopea truncata ( Labill. ) R.Br. - Tasmania .
cultivation
The New South Wales Waratah ( Telopea speciosissima ) is native to the Sydney Basin , the Central Coast , the south coast of New South Wales and the Blue Mountains ; it reaches a height of up to 4 meters. Telopea speciosissima usually grows on sandy loam soils along the edges of plateaus. This Telopea species is native to New South Wales; but because of its popularity as an ornamental plant it is also widespread in Victoria and Tasmania.
Telopea varieties are popular as ornamental plants in Australian gardens, but are somewhat difficult to care for. Various hybrids and cultivars were bred, including some creamy white and pink flowers and with natural red. White varieties of Telopea speciossisima are called 'Telopea Wirrimbirra White' and 'T. Shady Lady White '. In contrast, 'T. Shady Lady Pink 'and' T. Shady Lady Red 'Hybrid of Telopea speciosissima with Telopea oreades .
Cultural meaning
The common name used in English "Waratah" comes from Aborigines from the Eora tribe , the original inhabitants of the Sydney area . In the mythology of the Aborigines of the southwest, the Waratah has found multiple entries and is also kept as a totem .
The botanical journal Telopea is named after this genus, as is the suburb of Sydney with the name Telopea (Sydney) .
Telopea speciosissima is the state flower of the state of New South Wales and various organizations in the state, such as the rugby team New South Wales Waratahs .
literature
- MD Crisp & PH Weston: Telopea - New South Wales Flora Online . (Description section) accessed June 12, 2010
- Crisp, MD & Weston, PH: Telopea . In: McCarthy, Patrick (ed.): Flora of Australia: Volume 16: Eleagnaceae, Proteaceae 1 . CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study, 1995, ISBN 0-643-05693-9 , pp. 382-390.
Web links
- CultureSheet.org - Telopea culture , accessed June 5, 2010
- Australian National Botanic Gardens - Waratah , accessed June 5, 2010
- Aboriginal legend - The First Waratah , accessed June 5, 2010
- ASGAP - Waratah and Relatives , accessed June 5, 2010
Individual evidence
- ^ Thomas H. Everett: The New York Botanical Garden illustrated encyclopedia of horticulture , 1982, p. 3310: The New York Botanical Garden illustrated encyclopedia of horticulture - Google-Book Online.
- ^ Australian Plant Name Index (APNI).
- ↑ Telopea truncata - Flora of Tasmania (PDF; 62 kB).
- ^ Sue Wesson (2005) Murni Dhugang Jirrar: Living in the Illawarra (PDF; 7.2 MB) Department of Environment, Climate Change, and Water, State Government of New South Wales, page 7, accessed on February 22, 2010
- ↑ Waratah ( Telopea speciosissima ) - Floral Emblems of Australia from Australian National Botanic Gardens .