Tentyria rotundata

Tentyria rotundata
Tentyria rotundata rotundata
Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta) Order : Beetle (Coleoptera) Family : Black beetle (Tenebrionidae) Subfamily : Pimeliinae Genre : Tentyria Type : Tentyria rotundata
Scientific name
Tentyria rotundata
( Brullé , 1832)

Tentyria rotundata is a beetle from the family of black beetles and the subfamily of Pimeliinae . The genus Tentyria isrepresentedby five species in Europe, the species Tentyria rotundata has seven subspecies in Europe. Further subspecies are known from Asia Minor.

Comment on the name

In 1832, Brullé described the two beetles Heliodromus rotundatus and Heliodromus angulatus from the material collected during the Morea expedition . Brullé himself expresses the possibility that it is perhaps only a question of the two sexes of the beetle, which is listed in the famous Dejean collection under the name Tentyria grossa . Heliodromus rotundatus and Heliodromus angulatus are now considered to be subspecies Tentyria rotundata rotundata and Tentyria rotundata angulata of a species. Brullé splits Heliodromus as a new genus from the genus Tentyria . This separation was not maintained.

The name Helidromus is from Altgr. ήλιος "helios" for "sun" and -δρόμος "-dromos" for "runner" derived. Brullé notes that the beetles of the genus hide in bad weather and run around on the ground in summer weather.

The etymology of the generic name Tentyria is unclear. When Latreille established the genus in 1802, he did not explain the name. According to Chevrolat , it is derived from the ancient Greek proper name Τεντύρα (Tentyra). When Latreille described the genus tentyrie, tentyria in 1802 , he was working in the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. In the same year, the report of the journey through Egypt as part of the displayed Egyptian expedition of Napoleon by Vivant Denon . Denon is the first director of the Louvre after its opening to the public and often mentions the Egyptian city ( Dendera / Tentyra ) in his book .

The part of the name rotundatus ( Latin rounded) refers to the shape of the pronotum. The part of the name angulatus (lat. Angled, angular) refers to the front and rear angles of the pronotum , which, according to Brullé , are more concise in Heliodromus angulatus than in Heliodromus rotundatus .

In 1835 Solier describes the subspecies Tentyria rotundata orbicollis as the species Tentyria orbicollis and the subspecies Tentyria rotundata mittrei as a variation of Tentyria barbara . The part of the name mittrei honors the collector Mittre. The name part orbicollis (from Latin orbis for circle and collis for pronotum ) refers to the approximately spherical pronotum.

In 1915 Schuster describes the subspecies Tentyria rotundata paganetti , which is named after the entomologist Gustav Paganetti-Hummler, and in 1936 the subspecies Tentyra rotundata sulcatipennis which is named after the shallow but clear longitudinal furrowing of the wing covers (from the Latin sulcātus furrowed and pénna, wing, Wing covers) In 1948 Koch describes the subspecies Tentyria rotundata jonica , which is named after its occurrence on the Ionian Islands .

Properties of the beetle

Fig. 1: Top view of Tentyria rotundata with three females

Fig. 2: Head from above, below and the side, (left jaw probe missing, right jaw probe incomplete) partially tinted: light blue: eye, red: upper jaw, ocher: jaw probe , green: lip probe , white: chin, yellow: throat impression , dark blue: throat fold, purple: longitudinal fold, arrowhead green: tip of the head shield, arrowhead yellow: hairiness of the upper lip

Fig. 3: two sections of the sensor 3, 4, 7, 8: numbers of the sensor elements

Fig. 4: mouthparts; A: right lower jaw from below, arrowhead on hook of the inner drawer; B: upper lip from above; C: lower lip with lip switch from above; D: right upper jaw from above, green arrowhead : third tooth, arrowhead ocher: frontal teeth

Fig. 5: Prosternalapophysis, on the left , a plan view of the underside of the front chest, on the right from the side, tinted: red: right front hip, yellow: hip ring, dark blue: thighs of the right front leg

Fig. 6: Detail of the wing covers, partly tinted blue: label, green: edge bulge

Fig. 7: Habitat: dry, warm, little overgrown, here Peloponnese near Taygetos

The beetle becomes up to 23 millimeters long. It is black with a more or less intense purple discoloration when alive (taxo image). The pronotum and the elytra are unusually clearly set off from one another. The end of the body is somewhat elongated like a tail.

The flat head (Fig. 2) is carried forward only slightly inclined. It is unusually long with parallel sides. It is dense and moderately finely dotted. The eyes (Fig. 2, light blue) are very oval and are mainly located in the upper half of the head, their upper end is visible from above. Two longitudinal folds run parallel to each other above the eyes (Fig. 2 pink). The eleven-part antennae (Fig. 3) are pivoted under a protuberance in the cheeks. They reach to the edge of the wing covers. The antennae are dotted moderately densely, at each point a very short, lying hair emerges. The third antenna segment is almost cylindrical and remarkably long, more than twice as long as the second. The last antennae become increasingly spherical, the last antennae is a little smaller than the penultimate one and ends with reddish tomentose hair. The tip of the head shield is formed as a tooth in some species of the genus Tentyria . In Tentyria rotundata it is completely inconspicuous or at most shaped like a nose (Fig. 2 green arrowhead). The upper lip (Fig. 4 B) is flat at the front. At rest it is largely hidden under the head shield. However, you can also see their golden-yellow hair (Fig. 2, yellow arrowhead). The upper jaws are short and end in two superimposed teeth (Fig. 4 D, ocher-colored arrowhead). Behind and above the upper of these two teeth there is another tooth that protrudes slightly upwards (Fig. 4 D, green arrowhead), which is usually much weaker on the left side. The inner drawer of the lower jaw ends in a horn hook (Fig. 4, blue arrowhead). The end link of the three-part lip probe is approximately cylindrical, the end part of the four-part jaw probe is large and ax-shaped.

The chin (half of Fig. 2 tinted white) fills the throat and completely covers the bilobed tongue. It ends with two lobes and has a shallow longitudinal furrow, Solier calls it miter- shaped. The throat is characterized by a transverse fold (Fig. 2, dark blue). This is particularly strong at the ends. The fold runs through the throat impression in the middle (Fig. 2, half tinted yellow), which is common to all species of the genus.

The shape of the pronotum differs greatly between the subspecies. The pronotum is always rounded, the base with bulging edges, the sides finely rimmed, with the edge disappearing in the middle at the front. The base is narrower than the front end. But whether the pronotum is more or less heart-shaped, whether the bulge is more or less pronounced, whether the widest point is in front of or behind the middle of the pronotum, the ratio of length to width and the shape of the rear corners are different for the individual subspecies. A comparative outline drawing for the European subspecies can be found at Koch and can be viewed on the Internet. The puncture of the pronotum corresponds roughly to that of the head. The base of the pronotum is broadly set off from the base of the wing cover.

The label (tinted blue in Fig. 6) is very small, almost triangular, with a rounded tip.

The elytra are narrower at the base than the pronotum. They widen towards the rear, reach their greatest width about halfway along and are there significantly wider than the pronotum. Towards the rear they are extended like a tail. The puncture is much weaker and more scattered than on the pronotum and head. Ribs are only hinted at. In Tentyria rotundata paganetti the elytra are wrinkled, in Tentyria rotundata sulcatipennis slightly furrowed lengthways . The base of the elytra is edged, the edge is roughly crenelated with deep points. With some subspecies the basal border reaches the label, with others (as in Fig. 6) it goes out before it reaches the label.

The legs are not particularly long. The front rails are slightly curved in the male and straight in the female. All rails have two end spikes. The tarsi of the hind legs are four-limbed, those of the other legs are three-limbed.

In front of its rear end, the prosternum has developed an outgrowth (prosternal alapophysis, green arrowhead in Fig. 5), which can be shaped very differently even within the subspecies. However, the two subspecies occurring in the Peloponnese can be easily separated by the shape of the prosternal alapophysis. In the southern subspecies, the prostate alapophysis protrudes backwards and, seen from the side, protrudes over the contour of the fore hips (as in Fig. 5) in the northern subspecies it is curved downwards towards the body, inconspicuous and not visible from the side.

Larvae

The larvae of Tentyria are reminiscent of wireworms . Breast and abdomen segments are about the same width, the body is approximately round in cross-section and only slightly flattened. The ninth abdomen segment is elongated egg-shaped in plan view and covers the end of the body with the pusher upwards. The legs are short, the stronger front legs are designed as hook-shaped grave legs. The head is slightly narrower than the first breast segment, the mouthparts point forward. The first descriptions of larvae of the genus ( Tentyria interrupta and Tentyria mucronata ) come from Perris and were published in 1877. Images of the larvae of Tentyria platyceps and of an indeterminate Tentyria can be found on the Internet.

biology

The species is found in dry and warm locations from the beach to the mountains. The larvae live in the soil. They drill their way through the substrate mainly with the help of the forelegs and the outer corners of the mandibles lying on the underside of the head. The species prefers sandy and sandy-loamy soils. Fig. 7 shows a site in the foothills of the Taygetus . When comparing different biotopes in Turkey, the beetle was found in four out of five biotopes (bank area, grass steppe, bush steppe, oak forest), it was only missing in the chestnut forest. In the Davraz Mountains , the beetles were only found in a survey of the tenebrionid fauna in the periods April – May and August – October at altitudes between 1100 and 1900 meters. The animals are wingless and, when the weather is good, they restlessly search for food. They feed on plant and animal remains of all kinds. According to Mulsant , the most voracious of all Pimelidae (now Pimeliinae ) belong to the genus Tentyria , and the beetles also eat living arthropods if they can be overwhelmed. In a feeding experiment, the species clearly preferred meat bait over bait tipped with cheese.

Various authors mention that the bodies of living specimens of the genus Tentyria are covered by a dust-like efflorescence that is easily rubbed off and can then be renewed by the beetle at will (suivant leur volonté). The coating is compared with the coating on plums and changes the black color towards gray and blue-violet (see taxo picture and Fig. 1).

distribution

The species Tentyra rotundata is only found in Southeastern Europe, Asia Minor and parts of Asia. Of the European subspecies, the distribution area of ​​the subspecies T. r is the southernmost . Paganetti with center Crete. To the north of it comes the subspecies T. r. sulcatipennis around the island of Santorini and on the island of Anafi . The subspecies T. r can be found in the southern Peloponnese . rotundata . In the northern Peloponnese, in Attica and east of it in the northern Cyclades , the subspecies T. r. orbicollis spread. The subspecies T. r can be found even further east on the Sporades and the islands off Turkey . mittrei , whose distribution area continues in Asia Minor. The occurrence of the subspecies T. r. jonica is restricted to the Ionian Islands in the west of Greece. Farthest to the north is the large distribution area of ​​the subspecies T. r. angulata , which extends from Macedonia via Thessaly and Thrace to Serbia , North Macedonia and southwestern Bulgaria . The subspecies has also been reported from the island of Thasos . The species Tentyria roduntata occurs in other subspecies in Asia.

literature

Gustav Jäger (Ed.): CG Calwer's Käferbuch. K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3rd edition p. 633

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Tentyria and Tentyria rotundata from Fauna Europaea, accessed on Jan. 11, 2020
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e} C. Koch : Die Tenebrioniden Kretas (Col.) in communications of the Munich Entomological Society XXXIV. (Year 1944) p. 255 ff pars booklet II (1948) p. 313 Tentyria rotundata jonica p. 112 Breastplate in different race groups p. 308 paganetti with wrinkled wing-coverts
3. ^ Dejean: Catalog de la Collection de Coléoptères de M. Le Baron Dejean Paris 1821 p. 64 Tentyria grossa
4. ^ ^{A b c d e} M. Brullé: Expédition scientifique de Morée Tome 3, Zoologie, 2nd Section Paris 1832 p. 196: Genus Heliodromus in the Google book search, p. 197 Heliodromus rotundatus and Heliodromus angulatus
5. ^ E. Mulsant, Histoire naturelle des coléoptères de France - Latigénes (Volume 12) Paris, 1854 p. 41, genus Tentyria in the Google book search
6. ↑ Piere André Latreille: Histoire Naturelle des crustacées et insectes Volume 3 Paris in X (1802) p 170 New genus Tentyria
7. ↑ Dictionnaire universel d'histoire naturelle Volume 12, Paris 1848 p. 455, genus Tentyria with etymology in the Google book search
8. ↑ Vivant Denon: Voyage dans la Basse et la Haute Égypte pendant les campagnes du Général Bonaparte Paris An. X (1802) [1] German translation in the Google book search
9. ↑ ^{a b} Solier: Essai sur les Collapterides 2nd part in Annales de la Société entomologique de France 4th volume, Paris 1835 p. 249 ff p. 314 Tentyria , p. 251/252 key for genus No. 12, p. 341 No. 22 var. C mittrei , p. 362 No. 42 orbicollis
10. ↑ ^{a b c} Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
11. ↑ A. Schuster: Comments on the Tenebrionid yield of Paganettis on Crete in Entomologische Blätter 11, pp. 1 - 6, 1915
12. ↑ A. Schuster: The Tenebrionid Yield by Prof. F. Werner and Custodian O. Wettstein from the Greek, Aegean Islands and the Italian Dodecanese in the years 1934 and 1935 in meeting reports of the Academic Sciences Vienna, mathematical-natural science class I , volume 145, 1936
13. ^ Gustav Kraatz: Revision of the Tenebrionids of the old world - Erodiides, Tentyriides, Akisides, Piméliides Berlin 1865 p. 111 genus Tentyria p. 80 antennae angulata p. 130 No. 28; orbicollis p. 137 No. 42 as rotundatus p. 149 species from Greece
14. ↑ Key Tentyriini from coleo-net accessed on January 24, 2020
15. ↑ Ludwig Redtenbacher: Fauna Austriaca - Die Käfer 3rd edition, 2nd volume, Vienna 1874 p. 78 Tentyria
16. ^ ^{A b} Jean Théodore Lacordaire : Histoire Naturelle des Insectes - Genera des Coléoptères . Volume 5, Part 1, Paris 1859 p 50- 51 efflorescence at Tentyria
17. ↑ Édouard Perris: Larves de Coléoptères Paris 1877, p. 253
18. ^ S. López Sánches, A. de los Santos, C. Montes: Estudio morfologico de la forma lavaria de Tentyria platyceps Steph., 1829 (Col., Tenebrionidae) EOS, t. LXI, págs. 173-182 (1985) as PDF
19. Jump up ↑ Roberto A. Pantaleoni, Mario Boni Bartalucci: New record of Tentyria Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) as host of Poecilotiphia rousselii (Guérin, 1838) (Hymenoptera, Tiphiidae) Biodiversity Journal, 2011, 2 (4): 207-208 [2]
20. ↑ BR Striganova: Morphological adaptation of the head and mandibles of some coleopterous larvae burrowing solid substrate (Coleoptera) posts entom.. Vol. 17, Issue 5-8, pp. 639-649 Berlin 1967
21. ↑ Taner Mercan, Bekir Keskin, Serdar Tezcan: An investigation on the determination of Tenebrionidae fauna of Bozdag Odemis Izmir by the use of pitfall (Bozdağ (Ödemiş, İzmir) 'ın Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) faunasının çukur tuzaklarla belzerindema) in ütaklarla belzerindema Ekoloji 14 (53) pp. 44–48 [3]
22. ↑ Didem Korkmaz: DAVRAZ DAĞI (ISPARTA) TENEBRIONIDAE (COLEOPTERA) FAUNASI The tenebrionid fauna of Davraz Dağı ( Isparta ) Master's thesis at TCSÜLEYMAN DEMİREL UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE FOR SCIENCE, 2016 p. 21
23. ↑ ^{a b} E. Mulsant: Histoire naturelle des Coléoptères de France - Latigènes Paris 1854 p 42
24. ↑ Communications of the Swiss Entomological Society, Vol. 54–55, 1981 preview in the Google book search
25. ↑ Roland Grimm: The fauna of the Aegean island of Santorin. Part 2 Tenebrionidae in Stuttgart Contributions to Natural History Series A (Biology) No. 348 Stuttgart 30. 10. 1981 p. 13 and p. 4
26. ^ Zoltán Kaszab: Results of the Albania excursion in 1961 of the German Entomological Institute - 70th contribution in Entomology Berlin 1967 Volume 17, p. 548
27. ↑ Tentyria rotundata angulata from Fauna Europaea, accessed on Jan. 17, 2020
28. ↑ Simone Fattorini: Spacial variations in rarity in the Aegean tenebrid beetles (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) in Fragmenta entomologica Roma, Volume 38 (2) (2006), p. 243
29. ↑ Hassan Ghahari, Dewanand Makhan, Trevor J. Hawkeswo: A contribution to the knowledge of Carabidae, Staphylinida and Tenebrionidae (Coloeptera) from the desert regions of Semnan province, Iran p. 3

Web links

Commons : Tentyria rotundata  - collection of images, videos and audio files