Extensor spiders

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Extensor spiders
Autumn spider (Metellina mengei)

Autumn spider ( Metellina mengei )

Systematics
Class : Arachnids (arachnida)
Order : Spiders (Araneae)
Subordination : Real spiders (Araneomorphae)
Partial order : Entelegynae
Superfamily : Orb web spiders (Araneoidea)
Family : Extensor spiders
Scientific name
Tetragnathidae
Lot , 1866

The extensor spiders (Tetragnathidae), also called jaw spiders or thick jaw spiders (not to be confused with the genus of the same name and belonging to this family, the thick jaw spiders ( Pachygnatha )), are a family of real spiders from the superfamily of orb web spiders (Araneoideae). The family comprises 50 genera and 985 species . (As of June 2020)

It is named after the largest genus of the true extensor spiders ( Tetragnatha ) with around 330 species . The name is derived from the striking chelicerae . They are larger than the eye area and when viewed from above, they diverge well beyond the forehead. The base link is thickened and barbed. The poison claws are long and thin.

The stretch spiders build wheel nets with an open hub. Almost without exception, spiders live near water, including on coasts, moors , swamps and damp forests. The pachygnatha genus is somewhat less closely tied to moist habitats. Their species change to a netless and hunting way of life in adulthood.

Native genera and species

The spider family is rich in species in the tropics and is also widespread in the subtropics . The following genera and species occur in Central Europe:

Systematics

The World Spider Catalog currently lists 50 genera and 982 species for the spider spiders. (As of June 2020)

No longer as independent genera in this family:

  • Eryciniolia Beach , 1912 was made synonymous with Nanometa in 2020 . Their only kind Eryciniolia purpurapunctata (Urquhart , 1889) is now called Nanometa purpurapunctata .
  • Menosira Chikuni , 1955 has been a synonym for Metella since 2018 . The only species of the formerly monotypic genus, Menosira ornata Chikuni , 1955 , is now called Metella ornata .
  • Prolochus Thorell , 1895 has been a synonym for Dolichognatha since 2018 . The species Prolochus junlitjri and Prolochus longiceps are now known as Dolichognatha junlitjri and Dolichognatha longiceps .

Web links

Commons : Streckerspinnen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Tetragnathidae in the World Spider Catalog

literature

  • Heiko Bellmann: Spinning: observing - determining. Naturbuch Verlag, Augsburg 1992, ISBN 3-89440-064-1 .
  • A. Hänggi, E. Stöckli & W. Nentwig: Habitats of Central European Spiders. Miscellanea Faunistica Helvetiae 4. Neuchatel / Bern 1995, ISBN 2-88414-008-5 .
  • S. Heimer & W. Nentwig: Spiders of Central Europe. Paul Parey, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-489-53534-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 17.0 - Tetragnathidae . Retrieved June 15, 2016.
  2. ↑ a b c d e A. Álvarez-Padilla, RJ Kallal & G. Hormiga: Taxonomy and phylogenetics of Nanometinae and other Australasian orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 438, pp. 1–107, 2020 doi: 10.1206 / 0003-0090.438.1.1
  3. ↑ a b c R. J. Kallal & G. Hormiga: An expanded molecular phylogeny of metaine spiders (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) with description of new taxa from Taiwan and the Philippines. Invertebrate Systematics, 32, 2, pp. 400-422, 2018. doi: 10.1071 / IS17058 .