Teuriochaimai

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Territory of the Teuriochaimai according to Ptolemy

The Teuriochaimai ( Greek Τευριοχαῖμαι ) called in Latin Teuriochaemae were a Germanic tribe that has only been passed down from Ptolemaios in its geography in the eleventh chapter of the second book on Germania magna . The Teuriochaimai were separated from the Nuarists by the Soudeta ore , today's Ore Mountains and the Thuringian Forest . Their settlement area was roughly in what is now Central Germany .  

Ptolemy places the Teuriochaimai above the Soudeta Ore , below these mountains he places the Nuarists, then the Gabreta Forest follows .

Surname

Since Rudolf Much , the name Teuriochaimai has been interpreted as '(Germanic) inhabitant of the country that was formerly inhabited by the (Celtic) Teurii '. The Celtic part of the name Teuri - indicates the localization on an elongated mountain range. This Celtic people name can therefore also be combined with the Celtic people names Taurisker or Teurisker in today's Carinthia . The Germanic name element - haim - on the other hand indicates that the north of the Soudeta ore was already inhabited by Germanic peoples at the time of Ptolemy's source texts .

archeology

In the north of today's Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt , for about 450 BC BC based on the archaeological finds the Jastorf culture , which is connected with the early Germanic peoples, as well as Celts and Celtic groups in the south. Before that, during the Early Bronze Age, the Aunjetitz culture was widespread in large parts of Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt ; influences of the Lusatian and Hallstatt cultures can be identified for the subsequent pre-Germanic epochs .

The Germanic peoples name Teuriochaimai reminds of these Celtic influences in Central Germany , which Ptolemy refers to a population north of the Sudeta ore , which does not mean the mountain range so named today, but - according to Wolfgang Laur - the Ore Mountains and the Fichtel Mountains .

The region of the Teuriochaimai - the "home of the Teurians" - north of the Ore Mountains and the Thuringian Forest was archaeologically determined as the settlement area of ​​the Naumburg Group . This is probably the first time that an archaeological culture in Central Germany is associated with an ancient tribal name.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Ptolemy , Geographike 2,11,11 : Πάλιν ἀπ ἀνατολῶν μὲν τῶν Ἀβνοβαίων ὀρέων οἰκοῦσιν ὑπὸ τοὺς Συήβους Κασουάροι , εὶτα Νερτερεανοί, εὶτα Δανδοῦτοι, ὑφ οὓς Τούρνοι καὶ Μαρουίνγοι · ὑπὸ δὲ τοὺς Καμαυοὺς Χάτται καὶ Τούβαντοι, καὶ ὑπὲρ τὰ Σούδητα ὄπη Τευριοχαῖμαι , ὑπὸ δὲ τὰ ὄπη Οὐαριστοί · εὶτα ἡ Γαβρήτα Ὕλη · καὶ ὑπὸ μὲν τοὺς Μαρουίνγους Κουρίωνες, εὶτα Χαιτούωποι, καὶ μέχρι τοῦ Δανουβίου ποταμοῦ οἱ Ἀδραβαικάμποι · ὑπὸ δὲ τὸν Ὀρχύνιον Δρυμὸν Κούαδοι, ὑφ οὓς τὰ σιδηρωρυχεῖα καὶ Λοῦνα Ὓλη, ὑφ ἦν μέγα ἔθνος οἱ Βαῖμοι μέχρι τοῦ Δανουβίου, καὶ συνεχεῖς αὐτοῖς παρὰ τὸν ποταμὸν οἵ τε Ῥακαἱατρίι καττς.
  2. ↑ Rudolf Much : Germanic people's names . In: Journal for German Antiquity and German Literature (ZDA) 39. 1895, pp. 20–52, here p. 45.
  3. ↑ Celtic and other, pre-Germanic peoples names were, according to Wolfgang Laur, often formed with Indo-European * tauros , bull` , with reference to elongated, ridge-shaped mountains in their settlement area . Cf. Wolfgang Laur : The origin of Germanic as reflected in the names of places and waters . In: Astrid van Nahl, Lennart Elmevik, Stefan Brink (eds.): Worlds of names . Place and person names in a historical perspective. Contributions to place names (= Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde . Supplementary volume 44.). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2004, p. 206, ( article accessed via GAO at De Gruyter Online).
  4. ↑ Ernst Schwarz : Germanic tribal studies . Heidelberg 1956, p. 177.
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Laur : The origin of Germanic as reflected in the names of places and waters . In: Astrid van Nahl, Lennart Elmevik, Stefan Brink (eds.): Worlds of names . Place and person names in a historical perspective. Contributions to place names (= Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde . Supplementary volume 44.). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2004, p. 206, ( article accessed via GAO at De Gruyter Online).
  6. ^ Hermann Reichert :  Soudeta ore. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 29, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-018360-9 , p. 256. ( Article accessed via GAO at De Gruyter Online).
  7. ↑ Cf. Hans Patze: Historical bases . Volume 2. Prehistory and early history . In: Handbook of Historic Places . Volume 9. Thuringia . Stuttgart 1968, pp. XX-XL; see. Adolf Bach : German naming . Volume 2. The German place names . Part 1–2. Heidelberg 1954, pp. 282-285.
  8. ↑ Wolfgang Laur : The origin of Germanic as reflected in the names of places and waters . In: Astrid van Nahl, Lennart Elmevik, Stefan Brink (eds.): Worlds of names . Place and person names in a historical perspective. Contributions to place names (= Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde . Supplementary volume 44.). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2004, p. 206, ( article accessed via GAO at De Gruyter Online).
  9. ^ Lutz Richter-Bemburg, Dieter Timpe :  History of discovery. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 7, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1989, ISBN 3-11-011445-3 , pp. 307-391. Map of Ptolemy's Germania magna (p. 386)
  10. ↑ See Harald Meller (Ed.): Glutgeboren. Middle Bronze Age to Iron Age (= booklets accompanying the permanent exhibition in the Landesmuseum Halle . Volume 5). Halle an der Saale 2015, ISBN 978-3-944507-14-9 , pp. 75–82.

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