Theodor Hausmann (doctor)

Theodor Hausmann

Theodor Gregor Hausmann ( Belarusian Фёдар Аскаравіч Гаўсман , transcription: Fjodar Askarawitsch Hausman ; Russian Фёдор Оскарович Гаусман , transliteration: Fedor Oskarovič Gausman * 20th October 1868 in Grodno , Belarus , † 1944 in Innsbruck ) was a Belarusian Internist . He is considered to be the co-founder of medical science in the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSR).

Life

Theodor Hausmann grew up in a Baltic German , Lutheran family in Hrodna. After graduating from high school in Reval , he studied at the Medical Faculty of the University of Dorpat from 1888 , but interrupted his studies to serve as a military doctor in the Warsaw district for five years . After he had finished his studies, he moved to Berlin, where he worked from 1901 to 1902 as an assistant to Carl Anton Ewald in the Kaiserin-Augusta-Hospital . In 1905 he received his doctorate from his old university, which was now called Imperatorskij Jur'evskij Universitet . It was there that his academic career began. He became a senior laboratory assistant at the Institute of Pathology and Forensic Medicine. As a member of the Russian Red Cross and the Red Crescent , he was also able to undertake business trips to Manchuria , among others .

He then went to Orjol , where he researched and published methods of palpation diagnosis of the gastrointestinal tract . In 1909 he became head of a chemical and bacteriological counseling center in Tula . In 1911 he moved from Tula to Rostock, where he worked as an assistant to Friedrich Martius . Then he came to the Berlin Charité , where he worked and taught under the direction of Friedrich Kraus . In 1912 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Kiev for his achievements in Russian medicine.

During the First World War he had to leave Germany and returned to Russia, where he was drafted into military service. He worked as an internist in various military hospitals. After the February Revolution of 1917 , he found a position as a private lecturer in the medical faculty of Moscow University . He also worked as a consultant at the State Institute for Skin and Venereal Diseases.

In 1924 he moved to the Belarusian State University , where he became head of the medical faculty, which was just being established. Hausmann researched, among other things, syphilis and tuberculosis . There he also worked with Sergei Melkich , the former head of the faculty. From 1927, both shared the therapeutic teaching clinic. Melkich took over the first, Hausmann took over the management of the second teaching clinic. During this time he was also editor of the specialist magazine Belaruskaya Medichnaja dumka .

In the 1930s he became a professor of hospital therapy at the Minsk State Medical Institute. In 1931 he was made an Honored Scientist of the BSSR, and in 1932 a commemorative publication followed on his anniversary as a researcher. He was also appointed a member of the Belarusian Academy of Sciences in 1933 and, according to credible sources, was proposed for the 1934 Nobel Prize . In 1940 he was finally appointed professor.

The attack on the Soviet Union meant the loss of his entire livelihood for Hausmann. His two employers, the Academy of Sciences and the Faculty of Medicine, closed due to the war, which resulted in a loss of all of his income. The private wealth he had saved also fell victim to a house fire. His apartment, which was in the faculty, was confiscated by the Wehrmacht . He was allowed to stay, but the heating failed in the winter of 1941/42. As a consultant for the Russian city hospital, the 70-year-old was just able to stay afloat. As a “ Volksdeutscher ” he hoped for help, which the National Socialist regime refused to give him. So he was not allowed to move to the German Reich. In addition, he now had health problems. He urgently had to undergo a bladder operation, for which he traveled to Berlin in 1942 at his own expense.

Back in Minsk he tried to offer his medical skills to the German regime. So he offered to make his last specialist research available to German science in order to receive food cards in exchange. Shortly afterwards, however, he fell ill with bronchial tuberculosis. In 1944 he finally succeeded in getting resettlement and he and his wife set off for Prague. In Innsbruck, however, he died during a gallbladder operation as a result of peritonitis .

Convictions from the Russian and Belarusian side

Hausmann's stay in occupied Minsk amounted to a crime during his lifetime. Serious allegations of collaboration were made against him, and in June 1942 he was declared a "traitor to the Russian people". In November 1947, his academy title was posthumously stripped and he continued to be branded a traitor. Only in the post-Stalinist era was he rehabilitated on the basis of statements from his medical colleagues and students, and his work for Belarusian medicine was recognized again. In the course of his academic career, he had published over 130 scientific papers that received international attention.

Works (selection)

Entire fonts

• Problema vnelegočnogo tuberkuleza, patogenez i profilaktičesko lečenie ego s promoščju tuberkulina . Minsk 1932.
• The methodical gastrointestinal palpation and its results . Edited by E. Fuld. Berlin 1918.
• The latent and masked renal pelvic diseases . Berlin 1914.
• The syphilistic tumors of the upper abdominal area, especially of the stomach and their diagnosability . Berlin 1911.
• The methodical intestinal palpation by means of topographical sliding and depth palpation and its results including the ileocoecal area and taking into account the positional anomalies of the intestine . Berlin 1910. (Russian edition 1912)
• Methodical intestinal palpation by means of topographical slide and depth palpation . Berlin 1910.

Essays

• The syphilitic diseases of the abdominal organs. In: Collection of informal treatises from the field of digestive and metabolic diseases, 4th issue 5, 1913.
• About the intravenous infusion of arsenobenzene, its technique and its value. In: P. Ehrlich (Ed.): Treatises on Salvarsan (Ehrlich-Hata preparation 606 against syphilis) . Munich 1911, pp. 29-41.
• About touching normal parts of the stomach. Along with remarks on determining the height of the abdominal organs. In: Archives for Digestive Diseases. 13, 1907, pp. 394-429.

literature

• Marta Fischer: Microbes, Epidemics and Vaccines. Biobibliographical lexicon of bacteriologists, hygienists and immunologists between Germany and Russia in the 19th century. (= Relationes. 18). Shaker, Aachen 2015, ISBN 978-3-8440-4108-8 , pp. 200–203.
• Andrei Zamoiski, Juhannes Wiggering: Between Soviet medicine and ethnic German: the internist Theodor Hausmann. In: Discriminated - destroyed - forgotten. Disabled in the Soviet Union, under National Socialist occupation and in the Eastern Bloc 1917–1991. Edited by Alexander Friedman and Rainer Hudemann. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2016, ISBN 978-3-515-11266-6 , pp. 95-106.

Web links

Commons : Theodor Hausmann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Theodor Hausmann. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
• Theodor Hausmann in the personal database of the Saxon Academy of Sciences

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Andrei Zamoiski, Juhannes Wiggering: Between Soviet medicine and Volksdeutschtum: The internist Theodor Hausmann . Stuttgart 2016, p. 95.
2. ↑ ^{a b} Andrei Zamoiski, Juhannes Wiggering: Between Soviet medicine and Volksdeutschtum: The internist Theodor Hausmann . Stuttgart 2016, p. 96.
3. ↑ ^{a b} Andrei Zamoiski, Juhannes Wiggering: Between Soviet medicine and Volksdeutschtum: The internist Theodor Hausmann . Stuttgart 2016, pp. 97f.
4. ↑ Andrei Zamoiski, Juhannes Wiggering: Between Soviet medicine and Volksdeutschtum: The internist Theodor Hausmann . Stuttgart 2016, p. 100f.
5. ↑ Andrei Zamoiski, Juhannes Wiggering: Between Soviet medicine and Volksdeutschtum: The internist Theodor Hausmann . Stuttgart 2016, p. 102f.
6. ↑ Andrei Zamoiski, Juhannes Wiggering: Between Soviet medicine and Volksdeutschtum: The internist Theodor Hausmann . Stuttgart 2016, p. 103ff.