Thietmar (Saxony)

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Thietmar (* around 985 , documented 1004 ; † September 30 or October 1, 1048 in Pöhlde ) from the Billunger family was a Saxon count with property at Bruninctherpe ( Brüntorf ). After a failed attack against Emperor Heinrich III. was fatally wounded in a judicial duel.

Life

Thietmar was the son of Duke Bernhard I (* around 950; † 9 February 1011 in Corvey ) from the Billunger and Hildegard family (* around 965, † October 3, 1011, buried in Lüneburg ). He had at least the following siblings:

  • Hermann, who died young, probably from his father's first marriage to a woman who was not known any further
  • Gedesdiu (Gedesti) (* around 980, † June 30 after 1040), probably 993 abbess of Metelen , 1002–1040 abbess of Herford , eldest daughter of Hildegard von Stade
  • Imma (* around 982, 995 nun in Herford Abbey ), Hildegard von Stade's second oldest daughter
  • Bernhard II. (* Around 984, † 1059), Duke in Saxony (1011–1059), ∞ Eilika († December 10th after 1055/56), daughter of Heinrich von Schweinfurt , Margrave of the Nordgau , eldest son of Hildegard von Stade
  • Mathilde (* around 987), nun in the Gernrode monastery under the first abbess Hathui (Hadwig), there † April 28, 1014

As the second eldest son, after the death of his father in 1011, Thietmar was out of the question for the succession in the ducal office and was resigned to owning goods. But immediately an inheritance dispute broke out with the powerful Paderborn Bishop Meinwerk over the Bruninctherpe estate ( Brüntorf , today part of Lemgo ). He sentenced him in 1014 to a fine of thirty talents of silver. Behind Meinwerk is also the imperial power and Heinrich II , whom the Paderborn bishop accompanied during his coronation as emperor in the same year. Thietmar was forced to transfer the property in his possession with all accessories to the church. As a compromise, Meinwerk finally passed the property on to Abbess Godesti von Herford, Thietmar's sister. So Thietmar at least remained the property after which he was named instead of the property. But he had to give up his own rights to other goods in favor of the imperial monasteries of Herford and Helmarshausen . Here the contrasts between the old tribal nobility and imperial power became clear , so that the future conflict was prepared.

In 1019 there was an outbreak of open hostilities. According to the Quedlinburg Annals, “the sons of Count Hermann, the Emperor's cousins, and the son of Duke Bernhard Thiatmar began to revolt; however, they were arrested and detained. In the meantime Thiatmar, who had fled, went back to his home; but a few days later everyone is bestowed with the emperor's grace. So this mess was settled for the moment ”.

The outrages continued in the following year: “In 1020, Duke Bernhard the Younger, Thiatmar's brother, gathered the contingent in the west to revolt against the emperor, and occupied Schalkesburg, which the emperor and his family besieged. But Duke Bernhard gave room to justice and, through the mediation of the Empress, won the emperor's grace at the same time as the father's fiefdom. "(Ibid.)

Around the year 1020 Thietmar had a son Thietmar.

After the death of the last Saxon emperor Heinrich II the Holy in 1024 and the election of the Sal Franconian Konrad II as German king, the tribal duchy hoped for an improvement in the situation. But the Billungers in particular were again disappointed. After the death of Emma von Lesum on December 3, 1038, the widow of the Billungian Count Liudger, who had already died in 1011, Konrad withdrew the Lesum imperial fief from the Billungers by enfeoffing neither her daughter nor her cousin Thietmar because of some offense on the part of her daughter. This daughter was probably the canon Rikquur, who in 1059 left an extensive inheritance to Archbishop Adalbert of Hamburg-Bremen to atone for her sins . In connection with the confiscation of the fief, the Empress Gisela had visited Bremen and probably also Lesum, which had fallen to the crown and was to serve as her personal property. After the death of Conrad II (1039), Lesum was used to support the queens until the twelve-year-old Heinrich IV donated it to the Archdiocese of Bremen in 1063 - just one year after the coup d'état of Kaiserswerth . The change in ownership and ownership of the 700 Hufen estate is an example of the change in power during this time from the tribal dukes to the kings and emperors and to the church.

About a decade after Lesum was brought in by the Salians, the conflict culminated under Emperor Heinrich III. , Konrad's son. He visited the Archbishop Adalbert of Hamburg-Bremen in 1047 and also the now royal estate of Lesum - supposedly he wanted to find out about the dukes' loyalty. Thietmar is said to have prepared an attack on the emperor on this occasion - which was discovered through the betrayal of his vassal Arnold and the vigilance of the archbishop. On the day after the feast of St. Michael in 1048, Thietmar was subjected to a “judgment of God” in the royal palace of Pöhlde : Before the eyes of the emperor, he was supposed to “cleanse himself of the alleged crime with his own hand” and was “conquered and killed” (Lampert von Hersfeld, Annales for the years 1047 to 1052). Thietmar's son Thietmar captured Arnold and killed him with a humiliating sentence. Thereupon he was sent into exile by the emperor for life and robbed of all of his count's goods, which Heinrich III. 1053 transferred to the diocese of Hildesheim and partly also to the Goslarer Pfalzstift .

literature

  • Adam von Bremen: Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum (History of the Archdiocese of Hamburg) in: Bernhard Schmeidler (Ed.): Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separately in editi 2: Adam von Bremen, Hamburgische Kirchengeschichte (Magistri Adam Bremensis Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum). Hanover 1917 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version )
  • Althoff, Gerd: Noble and royal families in the mirror of their memorial tradition. Studies on the commemoration of the dead of Billunger and Ottonen, Wilhelm Fink Verlag, Munich, 1984
  • Althoff, Gerd: The Billunger in the Salier period. in: The Salians and the Empire, ed. Stefan Weinfurter, Jan Thorbecke Verlag, 1991, Volume I.
  • Althoff, Gerd: Rules of the game of politics in the Middle Ages. Communication in Peace and Feud, Scientific Book Society Darmstadt, 1997
  • Annalista Saxo to a.1011 and a.1020 in: Klaus Naß (Ed.): Scriptores (in Folio) 37: The Reichschronik des Annalista Saxo. Hannover 2006 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version ), ISBN 3-7752-5537-0
  • Annalista Saxo on a.1011 and a.1020 in: Georg Heinrich Pertz u. a. (Ed.): Scriptores (in Folio) 6: Chronica et annales aevi Salici. Hanover 1844, pp. 542-777 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version )
  • Black-Veldtrup, Mechthild : Empress Agnes (1043-1077). Source-critical studies, Böhlau Verlag, Cologne Weimar Vienna, 1995
  • Bork, Ruth: The Billunger. With contributions to the history of the German-Wendish border area in the 10th and 11th centuries, dissertation, Greifswald, 1951
  • Boshof, Egon: Die Salier, Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart Berlin Cologne, 1987
  • The Salians and the Empire, ed. Stefan Weinfurter, Jan Thorbecke Verlag, 1991
  • Fenske, Lutz: Nobility Opposition and Church Reform Movement in Eastern Saxony, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, 1977
  • Freytag, Hans-Joachim: The rule of the Billunger in Saxony, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, 1951
  • Herwig, Wolfram: Emperor Konrad II. Emperor of three realms, Verlag CH Beck, Munich, 2000
  • Hirsch, Siegfried: Yearbooks of the German Empire under Heinrich II, published by Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, 1864
  • Lampert von Hersfeld : Annals . Newly translated by Adolf Schmidt. Explained by Wolfgang Dietrich Fritz. 4th edition, expanded by a supplement compared to the 3rd. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 2000, ISBN 3-534-00176-1
  • Leidinger, Paul: Investigations into the history of the counts of Werl. A contribution to the history of the High Middle Ages, Association for History and Archeology of Westphalia, Paderborn Department, 1965
  • Quedlinburg Annals to a. 1019 and a. 1020 in: Martina Giese (Ed.): Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separately in editi 72: The Annales Quedlinburgenses. Hanover 2004 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version )
  • Quedlinburg Annals to a. 1019 and a. 1020 in: Georg Heinrich Pertz u. a. (Ed.): Scriptores (in Folio) 3: Annales, chronica et historiae aevi Saxonici. Hanover 1839, pp. 22–90 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version )
  • Schölkopf Ruth: The Saxon Counts 919-1024. Studies and preparatory work for the Historical Atlas of Lower Saxony 22. Göttingen 1957
  • Schwennicke, Detlev: European Family Tables New Series Volume I., Vittorio Klostermann GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, 1998, Table 11
  • Steindorff, Ernst: Yearbooks of the German Empire under Heinrich III., Volume II, Scientific Book Society Darmstadt, 1963
  • Thietmar von Merseburg : Chronicle, Wissenschaftliche Buchgemeinschaft, Darmstadt, 1992, VIII, 26
  • Thiele, Andreas: Narrative genealogical family tables for European history, Volume I, Part 1, RG Fischer Verlag Frankfurt / Main 1993, Plate 156

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personal data
SURNAME Thietmar
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Saxon count
DATE OF BIRTH around 985
DATE OF DEATH September 30, 1048 or October 1, 1048
Place of death Poehlde