Tibor Szamuely

Tibor Szamuely 

Tibor Szamuely, on the left at the side of Béla Kun and Jenő Landler (1875–1928) in Memento Park , Budapest

Tibor Szamuely , also: Tibor Szamuelly (born December 27, 1890 in Nyíregyháza , Hungary ; † August 2, 1919 in Lichtenwörth , Austria ) was a Hungarian journalist and communist politician.

Life

Tibor Szamuely was the oldest of five children in a Jewish family. After graduating from university in history, he became a journalist. He began his political career as a member of the Hungarian Social Democratic Party .

Tibor Szamuely was a soldier in World War I and was captured by Russians in 1915 . After the October Revolution of 1917 he was released and became a communist. Together with Béla Kun (1886–1938) he organized a communist group among the Hungarian prisoners of war. Many of the Hungarian prisoners of war joined the Red Army and fought in the Russian Civil War . Szamuely later went to Germany and joined the Spartakusbund .

In March 1919, a communist revolution took place in Hungary under the leadership of Béla Kun. Tibor Szamuely was one of the prominent leaders of the young Hungarian Soviet Republic . He filled a number of posts and ultimately became People's Commissar for Military Affairs and head of the Red Terror organization to put down so-called counter-revolutionary activities. The terror claimed hundreds of victims, mostly farmers and clergy. At the end of May 1919, Szamuely flew to Moscow to agitate for the world revolution together with Lenin .

The Hungarian Soviet Republic only lasted 133 days: until the fall of the communist government by Romanian invading troops . Szamuely managed to escape the " White Terror " and fled by car in the direction of Austria to Sauerbrunn , from where he, supported by a local escape helper, reached the Leitha on foot , illegally crossed the river bed border and subsequently from was arrested by the Austrian authorities and taken to Lichtenwörth . Before the body search , Tibor Szamuely pulled out a revolver and fired a shot in his chest . After the transfer to Sauerbrunn on August 3, 1919 , it was reported on the 14th of the month that Szamuely's body had been exhumed on August 12 by order of the Hungarian government and that the head of the deceased had been severed for a forensic examination that there were tumultuous statements on the part of the Sauerbrunn population that were directed against the whereabouts of Szamuely's body in the local cemetery. Five days later it was reported that the grave of Szamuely had been opened, but that an exhumation was not carried out because the skull to be recovered had already decomposed too much. The report also referred to the circulating rumor that Szamuely's body had been transferred to Budapest after it had been exhumed . In the late 1950s sought in Austria, the Hungarian Interior Ministry desperate (ger .: desperately ) to the corpse of Szamuely. - Some sources indicate that TIBOR SZAMUELY from the Austrian border institutions in detention had been killed.

On August 29, 1919, Tibor Szamuely's brother, Zoltan, was arrested in Balatonlelle - who hanged himself in the prison cell two days later, on August 31.

At the beginning of September 1919 in Budapest, in the course of the investigation conducted against the former People's Representative , enormous assets that Tibor Szamuely had hoarded and left behind during the escape were seized in one of the two apartments that had been found.

József Lengyel (1896-1975), campaigners and staff on the leaf Voros Újság has Szamuely 1929 in Visegrádi utca (German: Visegrad Street ), a documentary novel about the Soviet Republic , a monument . 

Fonts

• Alarm. Selected speeches and essays. Dietz, Berlin and Corvina, Budapest 1959, OBV .
• A nematic socialism. Gondolattár, Volume 21. Gondolat, Budapest 1964, DNB .

literature

• Ladislaus Bizony: 133 days of Hungarian Bolshevism. The rule of Béla Kun and Tibor Szamuelly, the bloody events in Hungary. Authentic depiction of the outbreak and overthrow of Bolshevism, the counter-revolution, murders, executions and acts of violence by the Lenin boys. Waldheim-Eberle, Leipzig / Vienna 1920. - Full text online .

Web links

Commons : Tibor Szamuely  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Literature by and about Tibor Szamuely in the catalog of the German National Library
• GWS: Tibor Szamuely . (Portrait, English). In: oocities.org , July 2004, accessed August 19, 2011.
• The gun in the handkerchief. In:  Die Neue Zeitung , No. 211/1919 (XII. Volume), August 3, 1919, p. 2, bottom right. (Online at ANNO ). .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Tibor Szamuely, the hangman of Hungary, committed suicide while fleeing. In:  Volksblatt für Stadt und Land. Illustrierte Wochen-Rundschau , No. 32/1919 (last year), August 10, 1919, p. 2. (Online at ANNO ). .
2. ^ György Dalos : Hungary in a nutshell. History of my country . CH Beck, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-406-51032-9 , p. 126. - Table of contents (PDF; 0.11 MB).
3. ^ The suicide of Tibor Szamuely. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 19734/1919, August 3, 1919, p. 5, right. (Online at ANNO ). .
4. ↑ Tibor Szamuely's funeral. In:  Reichspost , Monday edition of the “Vienna Voices” , No. 297 (176) / 1919 (XXVI. Year), August 4, 1919, p. 2, bottom right. (Online at ANNO ). .
5. ↑ ^{a b} Rumors about Szamuely. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 19745/1919, August 14, 1919, p. 4, bottom right. (Online at ANNO ). and the
   exhumation of Tibor Szamuely's body. In:  Die Neue Zeitung , No. 222/1919 (XII. Volume), August 14, 1919, p. 2, bottom center. (Online at ANNO ). .
6. ↑ Little Chronicle. (...) Tibor Szamuely's corpse not exhumed. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 19750/1919, August 19, 1919, p. 8, top right. (Online at ANNO ). .
7. ↑ István Rév: Retroactive justice. Prehistory of post-communism . (English). Stanford University Press, Stanford 2005, ISBN 0-8047-3644-8 , p. 125. - Text online .
8. ↑ Arrested Bolshevik leaders. In:  Die Neue Zeitung , No. 238/1919 (XII. Volume), August 30, 1919, p. 2, bottom left. (Online at ANNO ). .
9. ↑ The suicide of Tibor Szamuely's brother. In:  Die Neue Zeitung , No. 241/1919 (XII. Volume), September 2, 1919, p. 3, bottom left. (Online at ANNO ). .
10. ↑ Daily news. (...) Millions of values ​​found in Szamuely's apartment. In:  Die Neue Zeitung , No. 247/1919 (XII. Volume), September 9, 1919, p. 2, bottom center. (Online at ANNO ). .
11. ↑ ZDB -ID 1457902-9 .
12. ^ József Lengyel: Visegráder Street. With a foreword by Béla Kun. Dietz, Berlin 1959, DNB .
13. ↑ Remembrance day of the week . In: Burgenland freedom . LIX. Volume, No. 31/1989, p. 34. - Full text online .

Remarks

1. ↑ (…) He pulls out his handkerchief, apparently to dry the sweat from his face. There's a revolver in the handkerchief. He pulls it calmly, safely against himself. Tibor Szamuely is dead. (…)  - From: Tibor Szamuely is crossing the border. In memory of August 3, 1919. In: Egon Erwin Kisch , Bodo Uhse (Hrsg.): Collected works in individual editions. Volume 8: My Life for the Newspaper. Volume 1: 1906-1925. 1st edition. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1983, OBV , p. 474.
2. ↑ (...) After the local Israelite religious community, to which Lichtenwörth belongs, where Tibor Szamuley has judged himself, has decidedly refused to have his body buried in the cemetery belonging to it in Wiener Neustadt, it was buried in Sauerbrunn convicted. - See: Szamuely, arrested at the border, committed suicide. In:  Volksblatt für Stadt und Land. Illustrierte Wochen-Rundschau , No. 32/1919 (last year), August 10, 1919, p. 2, center left. (Online at ANNO ). .
3. ↑ Originally there was the idea of burying Szamuely in Neudörfl (Lajtaszentmiklós), but this was rejected by community representatives. - See: Tibor Szamuely's suicide. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 19736/1919, August 5, 1919, p. 6, bottom left. (Online at ANNO ). .
   Also Mattersburg (then Mattersdorf ; Nagymarton) was mentioned as intended burial. - See: Tibor Szamuely's suicide. In:  Arbeiter-Zeitung , No. 211/1919 (XXXI. Volume), August 3, 1919, p. 3, top center. (Online at ANNO ). .
4. ↑ The skull to be examined for gunshot wounds should subsequently be kept in the (Vienna) Anthropological Museum . - See: Szamuely's Body Exhumed . In: The New York Times , August 18, 1919, text online (PDF; 13 KB) , accessed August 5, 2012.
5. ↑ According to Bizony ( 133 Days of Hungarian Bolshevism , p. 110 f.), Who relies on authentic data provided to him by the Budapest public prosecutor , after protests by the residents of Sauerbrunn and the surrounding communities, the border police secretly found Szamulely's grave during the night opened, the body removed and transferred to an unknown grave between Sauerbrunn (Savanyúkút) and Wiesen (Rétfalu), next to the railway station.