Toki (clan)

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Toki coat of arms ( balloon flower )
Toki residence in Edo

The Toki ( Japanese 土 岐 氏 , Toki-shi ) were a family of the Japanese sword nobility ( Buke ), which was derived from Minamoto no Yorimitsu (944-1021). The widely ramified Toki played an important role as princes and generals up to the Sengoku period , but in the Edo period they belonged to the smaller Fudai daimyo with an income of 34,000 koku in Numata ( Gumma Prefecture ) .

genealogy

  • Mitsunobu ( 光 信 ; around 1091–1145), descendant of Yorimitsu in the fourth generation, settled in Toki district ( Mino province ) and then called himself Toki. He served the Emperor Go-Toba and held the honorary titles Kebiishi and Dewa no kami . He is the founder not only of the Toki, but also of the Akechi , Asano , Funaki , Hidase , Ibi , Osu , Seyasu , Tawara and Toyama .
  • Mitsusada ( 光 定 ; † 1281), Mitsunobus descendant in the fourth generation.
  • Yorisada ( 頼 貞 ; 1271-1339), a son of Mitsusada, was on the maternal side the grandson of Hōjō Sadatoki , Shikken of Kamakura . He was famous for his horsemanship, archery and poetry. He sided with the Ashikaga and fought against the south courtyard .
    • Yoritō ( 頼 遠 ; † 1342), Yorisada's son, served Ashikaga Tadayoshi . He distinguished himself in the Battle of Tatarahama (1336) and besieged Wakiya Yoshisuke in Somayama Castle (Echizen), which he captured in 1339. There were misunderstandings with the Shogun, which led to his beheading in 1342 at Rokujō-gawara (Kyoto).
    • Yoriaki ( 頼 明 ; † 1348), a brother of Yoritōs, took over the family's possessions in the province of Mino. He was killed in the Battle of Shijō-Nawate while fighting against Kusunoki Matsuura.
    • Yorikane ( 頼 兼 ), another brother of the aforementioned, took the side of the Emperor Go-Daigo when he wanted to destroy the Hōjō. But the Rokuhara found out about the plan, and so Yorikane, along with his relative Tajimi Kuninaga, was sentenced to death.
  • Yoriyasu ( 頼 康 ; 1318-1387), a nephew of Yorikanes, was head of all Toki branch families and received the title Mino no kami. He served the Shogun Ashikaga Yoshiakira and fought against the South Court. After Ashikaga Takauji's death in 1358, he shaved his head and took the name Zenchu.
  • Yasuyuki ( 康 行 ; † 1404), nephew and adopted son of Yoriyasu, ruled over the provinces of Mino, Ise and Owari . When the shogun wanted to usurp Owari to give it to his relative Shimada Mitsusada, Yasuyuki refused and fought 1389-1391 against his cousin or stepbrother Yorimasu. After peace was established, Yasuyuki fought the Yamana .
  • Yorimasu ( 頼 益 ; 1351-1414), Yoritada's son or Yoriyasu's nephew, was ordered to march against his Yasuyuki, whom he struck. He then became head of the Mino branch family and governor of the province.
  • Shigeyori ( 成 頼 ; 1442-1497) followed in 1474 to his adoptive father Mochimasu, the son of Yorimasu. At the time of the Ōnin War , he sided with Yamana Sōzen. In 1487 he conquered the southern part of Provinzmi province . In 1496 he shaved his head and took the monk name Sōan ( 宗 安 ). He died the following year.
  • Masafusa ( 政 房 ; 1467–1519), Nariyori's son, had to suppress some uprisings in his province of Mino. He succeeded in doing this in 1518 with the help of Asakura Takage from Echizen Province .
  • Yoritake ( 頼 武 ; 1498–1547), Masafusa's eldest son, fled like his father to Echizen and asked Asakura Yoshikage for help against his rebelling vassals.
  • Yorinaru ( 頼 芸 ; 1501–1582), Yoritake's brother, built the Ōga castle in Mino. In 1542 he was beaten by Saitō Hidetatsu and fled to Echizen, where he lived in great poverty.

Akechi branch

This branch of the Yorisada descendants is derived from Yorimoto, a brother of the aforementioned Yoritō, Yoriaki and Yorikane, who was followed in the third generation by Akechi Kunisatsu.

  • Sadamasa ( 定 政 ; 1551–1597), descendant of Akechi Kuniatsu, was only two years old when he lost his father Sadaaki, who fell in 1552 in the civil wars that shattered the province of Mino. His mother took him to Mikawa Province , where he was adopted by Suganuma Sadamitsu. At the age of 14 he served in Tokugawa Ieyasu's army and called himself Suganuma Saizō ( 菅 沼 藤 蔵 ). In 1590 he received Sōma ( Shimousa ) and was able to build on the fame of the Toki again.
  • Sadayoshi ( 定義 ; 1579-1618), Sadamasa's son, served Tokugawa Hidetada in his Shinano campaign in 1600 and received Mito ( Hitachi ). In 1617 he received Takatsuki ( Settsu ) with 30,000 koku. His descendants resided in Sōma ( Shimousa ) from 1619 , from 1627 in Kaminoyama ( Dewa ), from 1692 in Nooka ( Echizen ), from 1712 in Tanaka ( Suruga ) and from 1742 to 1868 in Numata ( Kōzuke ) with 35,000 Koku. Then Vice Count.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Somayama (杣 山城) was an old castle that later fell into disrepair.
  2. ↑ Rokujō-gawara (六條 磧, 六条 河 原) was a mostly dry part of the river bed of the Kamogawas near Rokujō, on which executions took place occasionally.
  3. ↑ Rokuhara (六 波羅) were the security forces of the Kamakura shogunate.
  4. ↑ Today a part of Yamagata .
  5. ↑ Later moved to the neighboring Moriya .
  6. ↑ Today a district of Echizen .
  7. ↑ Today a district of Fujieda .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Furusawa, Tsunetoshi: Kamon daichō. Kin'ensha, n.d., ISBN 4-321-31720-7 , p. 201.
  2. ↑ Excerpt from the “Shiba-Atagoshita” district map from around 1850.

literature

  • Edmond Papinot: Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan. Reprint of the 1910 edition. Tuttle, 1972, ISBN 0-8048-0996-8 .
  • Miura, Masayuki (Ed.): Shiro to jinya. Tokoku-hen. Gakken, 2006. ISBN 978-4-05-604378-5 .
  • Miura, Masayuki (Ed.): Shiro to jinya. Saikoku-hen. Gakken, 2006. ISBN 978-4-05-604379-2 .