Antonie Stemmler

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Antonie Stemmler , called Toni Stemmler (born November 6, 1892 in Hilterfingen , Canton of Bern , Switzerland ; † May 8, 1976 in Kleinmachnow ), was a German teacher, editor , district administrator and mayor of Kleinmachnow. During the Nazi era , she resisted National Socialism .

Life

Stemmler's family moved from Switzerland to Germany in 1894 . After completing her school career, Stemmler completed a teacher training seminar. After completing her apprenticeship, she worked as a primary school teacher in Berlin-Moabit from 1916 and temporarily worked for the archive of the “Association of German Mechanical Engineering Institutions”. Then Stemmler worked from 1929 to 1931 at the Rudolf Mosse publishing house . Stemmler, who became a member of the KPD in 1932, was briefly imprisoned after the " seizure of power " by the National Socialists. After that emigrated Stemmler immediately to Czechoslovakia , where they for the Prague workers publisher became active. She was arrested by the Czechoslovak police in 1936 because of the distribution of illegal documents. Legal proceedings brought against her in this regard resulted in an acquittal. Then she moved to France and worked for the Paris publishing house United .

From 1937 Stemmler cared for wounded interbrigadists in field hospitals and hospitals as an auxiliary nurse in the International Brigades , which fought on the part of the Republic in the Spanish Civil War against the establishment of a dictatorship under Franco . Her partner, the interbrigadist Ernst Goldstein, died in combat in Spain. After the defeat of the Republicans, Stemmler fled to France, where she was interned in France in 1939 and held in Camp de Gurs . After France's defeat in World War II , she was extradited to the German Reich in 1941 and interrogated by the Gestapo .

Then she was sent to the Ravensbrück concentration camp , where she worked as a prisoner nurse. Stemmler was able to save the lives of two Czech prisoners there. Stemmler was transferred from Ravensbrück to Auschwitz in 1943 .

After the liberation from National Socialism , Stemmler worked from late summer 1945 to the beginning of 1947 in the SBZ in the Eberswalde district administration . Stemmler became a member of the SED. Afterwards she worked as an editor at the women's radio of the state broadcaster Potsdam and from 1948 in personal union trustee of the Biesenthaler Holzkontor. In August 1950 she moved to the state government of Brandenburg, where she worked in the Prime Minister's office at the “Intelligence Promotion Committee”. At the instigation of the state management of the SED, Stemmler became district administrator in the district of Zauch-Belzig in early January 1951 . After the district was dissolved as a result of the administrative reform, Stemmler chaired the Potsdam-Land district council from 1952 to spring 1953.

She then worked for the German Writers' Association of the GDR in Berlin. Most recently, she was mayor of Kleinmachnow from 1961 to 1962. From 1950 to 1954 she was a member of the People's Chamber of the GDR in the first electoral period .

Honors

literature

  • Matthias Helle: Post-War Years in the Province - The Brandenburg District Zauch-Belzig 1945 to 1952 . Dissertation at the Department of History and Cultural Studies at the Free University of Berlin, March 2008. (pdf; 4.90 MB)
  • Brandenburg Biographical Lexicon . Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Potsdam 2002, ISBN 978-3-935035-39-2 .
  • Barbara Degen: “The heart beats in Ravensbrück” - The commemorative culture of women , Verlag Barbara Budrich, Opladen et al. 2010, ISBN 386649288X . (Biographies in the attachment (PDF file; 1.13 MB))
  • Dagmar Hoßfeld / Renate Weilstein: The female Potsdam. Brief biographies from three centuries . Potsdam 1998.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Matthias Helle: Post-war years in the province - The Brandenburg district of Zauch-Belzig 1945 to 1952 . Dissertation FU Berlin 2008, p. 95f.
  2. ↑ a b c Barbara Degen: "The heart beats in Ravensbrück" - The commemorative culture of women . Verlag Barbara Budrich, Opladen et al. 2010, p. 345.
  3. ↑ International Review of the Red Cross , May 1967, issue 74 (pdf; 2.38 MB)
  4. ↑ Children's combination "Toni Stemmler" in Potsdam on www.alltagsspuren.de (pdf; 159 kB)
personal data
SURNAME Stemmler, Antonie
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stemmler, Toni
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German teacher, editor, fighter against National Socialism, MdV
DATE OF BIRTH November 6, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Hilterfingen
DATE OF DEATH May 8, 1976
Place of death Kleinmachnow