Tovdalselva
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Tovdalselva Topdalselva |
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 Tovdalselva at its mouth in the Topdalsfjord |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | NO : 020.Z | |
| location | Agder ( Norway ) | |
| River system | Tovdalselva | |
| Drain over | Topdalsfjord → Skagerrak | |
| muzzle | in the Topdalsfjord coordinates: 58 ° 11 '38 " N , 8 ° 4' 12" O 58 ° 11 '38 " N , 8 ° 4' 12" O |
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| Mouth height |
0 m
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| length | 143 km | |
| Catchment area | 1800 km² | |
| Outflow at the level at the mouth |
MQ |
65 m³ / s |
| Flowing lakes | Straumsfjorden , Gauslåfjorden , Herefossfjorden , Flakksvann | |
| Communities | Flaksvatn , Tveit | |
The Tovdalselva (also Topdalselva ) is a 143 km long river in southern Norway in Fylke Agder . It is the longest river in Sørlandet and it still flows freely over its entire course. The Tovdalselva flows into the Topdalsfjord between Hamresanden and the Kristiansand airfield .
The river is protected from the expansion of hydropower by the Verneplan IV for vassdrag above Rjukanfossen in Åmli .
The mean discharge at the mouth is 65 m³ / s.
The Tovdalselva has two headwaters that join in the Herefossfjorden . The eastern Tovdalsgreina is narrow and elongated and has its origin between Valle in Aust-Agder and Fyresdal in Telemark . In the upper part of the river there are numerous lakes, the largest being the Straumsfjorden (757 moh.).
The western Uldalsgreina has three tributaries: Skjeggedalsåna, Vatnedalsåna and Hovlandsåna. The Hanefoss Kraftverk is located here. There is also a smaller hydroelectric power station in the lower part of the source river.
The Tovdalselva has another smaller tributary, with Lake Ogge in its catchment area. Lake Ogge has two drains. The larger one is the Rettåna, which flows north to Uldalsgreina. The Dikeelva flows to the Flakksvann lake in Birkenes in the lower course of the Tovdalselva.
The catchment area covers around 1,800 km². The highest point in it is at 1101 moh. The following municipalities are in the catchment area: Fyresdal, Valle, Bygland , Evje and Hornnes , Åmli, Froland , Grimstad , Birkenes, Iveland , Lillesand and Kristiansand .
fauna
The Tovdalselva has long been one of the best salmon rivers in the country. In the years 1880–1883, it was in third place in terms of catches. Acid rain began to affect the river and its fauna as early as the early 1900s . By 1970 the salmon population was extinct.
In 1997 a liming campaign was started in order to preserve the fish stocks. In 2003 there were around 300 kg of salmon. This is still very modest compared to the 1880s when catches were still over 12 tons. Today the salmon can swim up to Herefossfjorden, a distance of about 45 km. They used to come a little higher - to Storefoss above Gauslåfjorden .
Individual evidence
- ↑ NVE - Tovdalsvassdraget (norweg.) ( Memento of the original from November 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
