Carrier (statics)
In civil engineering, a girder is a mostly horizontal beam , which is narrow and slender in relation to its length and which transfers the loads on it to walls or vertical supports . Unlike an arch , a girder is primarily subjected to bending loads. Due to its low tensile strength , stone is unsuitable as a material. Materials with high tensile strengths such as wood, metal or prestressed concrete are required .
Beams that span wall openings are called lintels .
In the structural analysis , the behavior of the beams is treated in the field of beam theory .
Examples
The Doric , Ionic and Corinthian columns of the ancient Greek temples are very close, as stone beams do not allow large spans. At the Parthenon in Athens, the mighty marble supports only span a length of 4 m. The roof itself was made of wood.
Bridge girder
Special girders for bridges, most of which are named after their inventor or their shape:
- Fish-bellied girder , Pauli carrier (after Friedrich August Pauli ), lens wearers , Lohse carrier (by Hermann Lohse ); the so-called Nielsen-Lohse girder, on the other hand, is the common name in Japan for a network arch bridge , but it has nothing to do with Hermann Lohse or Octavius F. Nielsen.
- Howe carrier after William Howe
- Polonce carrier after Camille Polonceau
- Schwedlerträger after Johann Wilhelm Schwedler
- Semi-parabolic beam
- Langerscher beam
- Vierendeel carrier
- Tannery
Other carriers
- bar
- Solid wall girders versus hollow box girders
- Truss
- Roof trusses
- Truss
- Rafters
- Rafter purlin
- Purlin
- Steel profile ( double T-beam , wide flange beam , ...)
- Sheet metal carrier