Rubble collecting society

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rubble collecting society
legal form gGmbH
founding 1945
resolution 1964
Seat Frankfurt am Main
Number of employees 638 (July 1955)
Branch Building materials

The Trümmerverwertungsgesellschaft (TVG) was a non-profit company founded in autumn 1945 by the city of Frankfurt am Main , the construction companies Philipp Holzmann and Wayss & Freytag and the industrial group Metallgesellschaft . The city of Frankfurt am Main held 51 percent of the shares. The company founded the “Frankfurt Procedure” , which was widely recognized in Germany and abroad. The company operated its treatment and recycling plant for rubble , built by the plant manufacturer Lurgi , a subsidiary of the metal companyfrom 1946 on an area bounded by the streets Ratsweg, Am Riederbruch and Riederspießstraße. From 1943 the rubble mountain Monte Scherbelino was built on the site below the Bornheimer slope .

After the end of the reconstruction, the rubble recycling company ceased operations in 1964 and was closed, the facilities demolished. Today the Frankfurt ice rink and the fairground on Ratsweg are located on the site , including the Dippemess venue .

Business purpose

The TVG's task was to demolish , clear, transport and process the rubble left by the air raids on Frankfurt am Main and the resulting firestorms of the Second World War in Frankfurt.

history

Debris Confiscation Order

Frankfurt 1945

After Trümmerverwertung GmbH was founded, the city administration first had to create the legal basis so that the new company could and was allowed to tackle the tasks assigned to it. The so-called “rubble confiscation order” of December 20, 1945, appointed by the acting mayor Kurt Blaum , therefore provided for the confiscation of all building rubble in the Frankfurt urban area, a legally extremely controversial measure. The rubble became the property of the city when it was confiscated . The seizure also affected buildings that were still standing but more than 70 percent damaged. Many house and landowners in Frankfurt did not want to accept this easily.

The country Hessen disposal as part of its "Regulation on the authorities organizing the emergency law in the land Hessen" a very similar denominated Act (clearing rubble Act of 4 October 1949), but only four years later, after the founding of the Federal Republic.

Debris removal

In 1946, the rubble recycling company began to clear large areas of the almost completely destroyed old town and city ​​center of Frankfurt. The newly elected Lord Mayor Walter Kolb and the employees of the city administration picked up jackhammers , pickaxes and shovels to give the population a clear and positive signal to start over and to rebuild. Mechanical clearing equipment was virtually non-existent at that time, so the rubble had to be chopped up manually with a pickaxe and shovel by shovel shifted from the paths and streets to the properties. Lorries could only be used from the point in time when the paths, alleys, streets and squares were at least partially cleared. Many thousands of Frankfurt citizens voluntarily participated in the clean-up work, which was actively initiated by the tall and very stout Mayor Kolb. At the end of 1947, 26 kilometers of downtown streets had already been cleared of rubble. The rubble heaps were now temporarily piled up in various places in the city.

Monte Scherbelino

In particular on the former area of ​​the stadium on the Riederwald of Eintracht Frankfurt on Ratsweg at the foot of the Bornheimer slope and opposite the Ostpark , a monumental mountain of rubble grew noticeably, which was rededicated by the city as a rubble dump area from November 16, 1943 . The people of Frankfurt quickly found a catchy and belittling name for the tragedy of the destruction of the war, which was also manifesting there, and they referred to the rubble mountain as Monte Scherbelino .

Playground on Monte Scherbelino in the late 1970s

The term was not new, but was already used for the municipal household garbage dump in the city ​​forest between Babenhäuser Landstrasse and Darmstädter Landstrasse, which had been in use since 1925 . It got its popular name because of the high proportion of broken glass in the garbage. The Monte Scherbelino in the city forest was only used to a small extent as a landfill for debris from the bombing war. In 1968 the municipal waste dump was closed and turned into a popular amusement park. It has been closed to the public since 1989 due to the high risk potential from contaminated sites and has been extensively renovated and secured since then.

The various mountains of rubble in the urban area were gradually removed over the years after the streets had been cleared, towards the Ratsweg, rearranged by countless truckloads. The resulting steadily growing Monte Scherbelino on Ratsweg was also completely removed after a long work process of meticulously pre-sorted types of rubble, after the processing and recycling plant for rubble had been built on the extensive area between Ratsweg, Am Riederbruch and Riederspießstraße . Some of the rubble was used as aggregates for the manufacture of concrete bricks and other building materials. Work there ended in 1964, and in 1965 the 72 meter high chimney also disappeared, and for three years the site was completely fallow. In the period between 1943 and 1967, the area was not a destination for Frankfurters anyway, and it was not until 1968 that the area came into the focus of the population due to the first Dippemess held there, and from 1981 also due to the Frankfurt ice rink built there .

Up-and-coming generations have always found the largely fallow and leveled area a little strange to this day, as it is still in a green area between Röderberg, Bornheimer Hang, Riederwald and Ostpark. However, it was used twice a year as a festival site for the Dippemess until 2009, and questions about its earlier use never arose. The multiple use of the name Monte Scherbelino was quickly forgotten again, and there is no sign on the part of the city on the fairground on Ratsweg, neither for the once enormously grown Monte Scherbelino nor for the globally respected treatment and recycling plant for rubble or the like Significant rubble recycling company for the newly created Frankfurt after the war.

Frankfurt rubble express

Sorting rubble stones 1947

In 1946, rails for a narrow-gauge field railway , the so-called “Trümmerexpress”, popularly known as the “Adolf Hitler Memorial Express”, were laid from the Scheffeleck, on the edge of the inner city in the Nordend , to the site of the former stadium at Riederwald and Ratsweg at Ostpark ". This should begin in the same year with the removal of the enormous amounts of rubble. The steam locomotive with its tipping lifts operated between Scheffeleck and Ostpark until 1948, after which the rails were removed again. Trucks and trams as tractors for several tipper trailers could now continue the initial work of the field railway, because the streets were cleared of rubble and were again passable. However, this was only a temporary solution, because the few trams that were undamaged by the war were urgently needed for passenger transport . Finally, heavy trucks from the US Army were converted into dump trucks with high tail lifts and used until 1954.

Balance sheet

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.
(Numbers are inconsistent)

In the course of ten years, the rubble recycling company recovered 19,000 tons of scrap and 120 million bricks as well as 8,500 tons of steel girders from the ruins. 1500 to 2000 cubic meters of rubble were removed every single day, the maximum in June 1953 with a daily output of 3584 cubic meters. In total, TVG removed 10 million cubic meters of rubble.

Debris recovery

Rail transport to TVG

The disposal of the rubble began immediately after the clearance in initially provisional production facilities. By autumn 1947, around 300,000 solid bricks and 400,000 roof tiles had already been produced.

Germany's largest processing and recycling plant for rubble, including a concrete plant for the production of new building materials , was built in 1949 on the site of the former stadium on the Riederwald of Eintracht Frankfurt , which was rededicated by the city as a rubble dumping area on November 16, 1943 . It was designed by Lurgi . From the rubble, new bricks, roof tiles and wall panels for the construction of new buildings were created here. The newly manufactured building materials were checked and funded by the Frankfurt building supervisory authority in cooperation with the Hessian Ministry of the Interior.

The provisional crushing and screening plant, which had been converting the rubble into aggregates for the concrete plant since 1947, became the world's largest processing plant of this type, which attracted many trade visitors from all over the world to Frankfurt. A sintering plant was built for recycling the fine rubble , which, following the methodology of the metallurgical industry, produced a concrete aggregate free of all undesirable admixtures. 1,500 cubic meters of rubble were processed daily. This resulted in 850 to 900 cubic meters of compacted concrete every day or an average annual output of more than 200,000 cubic meters of brick chippings, which the construction industry liked to use thanks to its properties and which was delivered as solid, hollow blocks and ceiling blocks .

In the period before the new plant was fully utilized in 1950, 30 million solid and hollow blocks were already being produced for the new Frankfurt. After full utilization, the annual output was initially 20 million solid blocks and almost 1.6 million hollow blocks, four years later the annual output had grown to 23 million solid blocks, 6.6 million hollow blocks and around 300,000 square meters of ceiling blocks. It worked in two shifts and employed 638 people in early July 1955. The TVG enabled the reconstruction of around 100,000 apartments and commercial buildings.

Frankfurt process

The Frankfurt procedure thus apostrophized was the merging of the tasks of debris clearance, debris sorting, debris processing and debris recycling in a single non-profit company that bundled the core competencies of several private companies and the city administration of Frankfurt. Until then, it was unique in this form and therefore received a lot of national and international attention.

resolution

According to a resolution of the municipal authorities of April 29, 1963, the rubble collecting society did not cease its work until 1964 and was dissolved. She had done a gigantic volume of work and made a major contribution to the fact that the city of Frankfurt am Main was able to carry out significant reconstruction work within a relatively short time. It set an example for other German cities, but also served as a role model internationally. From 1964 the facility was demolished and the 72 meter high chimney was blown up in 1965.

literature

  • Thomas Bauer: Be united for our city. Historical-Archaeological Society Frankfurt am Main (Ed.). 1996.
  • Sabine Hock : Walter Kolb. Lord Mayor of the City of Frankfurt am Main 1946–1956. Information sheet on an “Info Island” (“Frankfurt - where something new was created”) from the Walter Kolb Foundation. Frankfurt am Main, May 2001.
  • Sabine Hock: 1902–2002. On the 100th birthday of Walter Kolb: “Be united for our city.” Walter Kolb - Mayor of Frankfurt 1946–1956. Flyer from the Walter Kolb Foundation. Frankfurt am Main, December 2001.
  • Helli Knoll: Walter Kolb. Arani, 1953.
  • Helli Knoll: Walter Kolb - a great Lord Mayor. Rütten & Löhning, 1956.
  • Walter Kolb: Frankfurt am Main is building, Verlag Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1947.
  • Walter Kolb: Five speeches by the Mayor of Frankfurt, Walter Kolb. Traffic u. Economic Office of the City of Frankfurt am Main (ed.). 1947.
  • Walter Kolb: Frankfurt wants to live. Henrich, 1948.
  • Walter Kolb: Active City of Frankfurt. Verlag W. Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1949.
  • Walter Kolb: Frankfurt's economy is building! W. Kramer publishing house, Frankfurt am Main 1952.
  • F. Lerner: Frankfurt am Main and its economy. Ammelburg-Verlag, 1958.
  • NN: Lord Mayor Dr. hc Walter Kolb, 1902–1956. City administration of the city of Frankfurt am Main (ed.). 1956.
  • NN: Frankfurt art at the time of Walter Kolb 1946–1956. Walter Kolb Foundation (ed.). Frankfurt am Main 2002.
  • Petra Roth: The rebirth of our cities. In: Culture of Property, Schwäbisch Hall Foundation (ed.). Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2006, ISBN 3-540-33951-5 .
  • Werner Wolf (Ed.): Rubble, Tears, Confidence, Everyday Life in Hesse 1945–1949. Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1986, ISBN 3-458-14523-0 .

Movie

swell

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Trümmer-Verwertungs-GmbH. aufbau-ffm.de, archived from the original on April 1, 2012 ; Retrieved April 29, 2014 .
  2. ↑ Company archive. Rubble collecting society (W1, 23). Institute for Urban History , archived from the original on March 10, 2016 ; Retrieved April 4, 2017 .
  3. ↑ a b Chronicle of Riederwald at par.frankfurt.de , the former website of the city of Frankfurt am Main
  4. ↑ Destroyed Frankfurt old town with Römer and Paulskirche, view from the cathedral. aufbau-ffm.de, archived from the original on July 18, 2011 ; Retrieved April 29, 2014 .
  5. ↑ Lord Mayor Kolb on the occasion of the rubble campaign in 1946 in front of the Römer on the Römerberg with the jackhammer. Photograph. Institute for Urban History, archived from the original on March 5, 2016 ; Retrieved April 4, 2017 .
  6. ↑ Excavators and trucks in the destroyed city center of Frankfurt. aufbau-ffm.de, archived from the original on July 19, 2012 ; Retrieved April 29, 2014 .
  7. ^ First streets cleared of rubble in downtown Frankfurt. aufbau-ffm.de, archived from the original on May 11, 2006 ; Retrieved April 29, 2014 .
  8. ^ "Walter Kolb - the mayor with the jackhammer". Frankfurt story. City history blog of the Frankfurter Rundschau. ( Memento of the original from June 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on: frankfurt.frblog.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.frankfurt.frblog.de
  9. ↑ http://www.altfrankfurt.com/Spezial/Krieg/Truemmerbahn.htm Frankfurter Trümmerexpress in October 1946, altfrankfurt.com
  10. ^ Frankfurter Trümmerexpress in October 1946. aufbau-ffm.de, archived from the original on December 19, 2013 ; Retrieved April 29, 2014 .
  11. ^ Annex of the Trümmerverwertungsgesellschaft am Ratsweg, 1951. aufbau-ffm.de, archived from the original on July 3, 2007 ; Retrieved April 29, 2014 .
  12. ↑ Photo of the rubble recycling company on the former site of the stadium at Riederwald am Ostpark. aufbau-ffm.de, archived from the original on May 12, 2006 ; Retrieved April 29, 2014 .
  13. ↑ Chronicle Ostend at par.frankfurt.de , the former site of the city of Frankfurt am Main