Trebista

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Trebista was the name of a castle ( castellum ) in the pagus Milzani in today's Upper Lusatia , which was built by King Heinrich II in 1007 together with the castles Ostrusna , either Ostro or Ostritz or Bratków / Blumberg, and Godobi or Godubi , probably Göda . was given to the bishopric of Meissen . The name is mostly traced back to the Old Sorbian word for "clearing" and then denotes clearing, a cleared piece of land.

The exact localization of Trebista is difficult and controversial in science. Mainly two places in today's Bautzen district come into question , on the one hand Großdrebnitz near Bischofswerda and on the other hand Doberschau near Bautzen. While there is no evidence of early or high middle attachment in the first case, is situated close to the second-mentioned place the so-called Doberman Schauer hill , an early medieval Wallburg after the turn of the century as the center of a Burgward district was used.

In 2007 both Großdrebnitz and Doberschau wanted to celebrate their millennium, which caused the debate to flare up again. Ultimately, only Doberschau carried out the celebrations.

Today's view

The assignment of Trebista to Großdrebnitz mostly refers to the document edition by Ernst Gotthelf Gersdorf in the Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae from the year 1867. This localization has since been questioned several times, but has also been confirmed. The decisive factor is obviously the similarity of the names, although it is probably true that the names for Trebista and Drjewnica (vouched for Drebnitz) can be traced back to cleared land. However, this does not necessarily mean that Großdrebnitz is identical to Trebista, because cleared land was not uncommon during the eastern settlement . In addition, the return of Trebista to clearing, i.e. an area, also allows other conclusions. It is then possible that the Burgward district of Trebista existed, with a capital that was not yet firmly localized, and that other places in the area were named (later) after the Burgward district. In this case Großdrebnitz would have been named after the Burgward district Trebista and not the other way around and could not refer to the document from 1007. The document explicitly mentions castella and thus the centers of Burgward districts. The criticism of the debate in favor of Großdrebnitz relates to the fact that apart from this ambiguous name similarity in Großdrebnitz there is no evidence of an early and high medieval castle complex with such an important function. The assumption that the Kirchberg von Großdrebnitz could have been a weir system before the church was built is unproven. No relevant finds have survived from the time the church was built.

With the discussion about the character of Trebista as a cleared area, the hypothesis arose that the capital of a Burgward district Drebnitz could also have been the city of Bischofswerda , which would be equated with the Castellum Trebista. At the time in question, the city was already strategically located more favorably than Großdrebnitz for a fort and there are clear indications that it is significantly older than the first documented mention in 1227.

The question of localization in historical and archaeological research

The theologian and historian Johann Christian Schöttgen (1687–1751) equated Trebista with Trebitz near Oschatz , while Schultes assumed a place near Döbeln . In the first half of the 19th century at the latest, this and other localization suggestions for Trebista were put forward and discussed in regional and national publications. At that time they were based almost exclusively on linguistic similarities, whereby the modern place names and not their oldest known variants were often taken into account. For the first time in 1824 in the New Lusatian Magazine it was suspected that Trebista could be identical to Drebnitz between Bischofswerda and Stolpen, whereby the author also considered a Trebichen near Stolpe. In the same journal, Trebniza zu Drebnitz was listed in 1834 , a term that should apply to place, forest, mountain and stream. In 1860 Trebista was recognized in Trebus near Niesky. The first Großdrebnitz Chronicle from 1869 took the derivation of the place name Drebnitz from an already existing environment, e.g. B. a Trebista, again. According to this, the place name "in the Drebnitz" should be handed down. In 1879 Hermann Knothe supported the assignment of Großdrebnitz to Trebista. The historian Alfred Meiche examined the traditional boundary lines and assigned Trebista to Doberschau for the first time in 1908. This view is also reflected in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony published by Karlheinz Blaschke in 2006 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Monumenta Germaniae Historica . MGH DD HII 124, digitized
  2. ^ Document book of the Meissen Monastery, in: Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae. Leipzig 1864–1867, digitized
  3. ↑ Heinz Schuster-Šewc : To localize the three forts mentioned in the deed of donation of Heinrich II. (1006): Ostrusna, Trebista, Godobi . In: Letopis Vol. 53, 2 (2006) pp. 67-72
  4. ↑ New Lusatian Magazine. Volume 3, 1824, p. 352, digitized
  5. ↑ New Lusatian Magazine. Volume 12, 1834, p. 339, digitized
  6. ↑ New Lausanne magazine. Volume 36, 1860, p. 185, digitized
  7. ^ First Großdrebnitzer Chronik from 1869: http://www.uwe-fiedler.name/marloth.doc
  8. ^ History of the Upper Lusatian nobility and its goods: from XIII. until the end of the XVI. Century. Breitkopf & Härtel publishing house, 1879
  9. ^ The Upper Lusatian border document from 1241 and the Burgwarde Ostrusna, Trebista and Godobi. In: New Lusatian Magazine. Volume 84, 1908, pp. 145-251
  10. ^ Doberschau in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony

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