Doberschau
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Doberschau
Dobruša Municipality of Doberschau-Gaussig
Coordinates: 51 ° 9 ′ 9 ″ N , 14 ° 23 ′ 45 ″ E
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| Height : | 230 m above sea level NN |
| Residents : | 1174 (May 9, 2011) |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1994 |
| Incorporated into: | Gnaschwitz-Doberschau |
| Postal code : | 02692 |
| Area code : | 03591 |
Doberschau , Upper Sorbian , is a place in the south of the district of Bautzen in eastern Saxony and with almost 1200 inhabitants, it is the largest part of the unified municipality of Doberschau-Gau says . The place lies in the Upper Lusatia and belongs to the settlement area of the Sorbs .
geography
The place is located about three kilometers southwest of the large district town of Bautzen and two kilometers east of the Gnaschwitz municipality . According to the type of settlement, Doberschau is composed of the old estate settlement on the eastern slope of the Spree Valley and a square village above it, which has expanded over time. The surrounding area is hilly and is cut up by the deeply cut valley of the Spree. It drops to the northeast, towards Bautzen. Doberschau is slightly higher than the surrounding area in the range from 220 to 240 m above sea level.
The neighboring towns are Preuschwitz in the northeast, Singwitz in the south, Schlungwitz in the southwest, Techritz in the west and Grubschütz in the northwest.
history
To the south of today's location, on the steep slope of the Spree Valley, there are the remains of an early Slavic hill fort , the Doberschauer Schanze , which, due to its size, probably played an important role in the Milzener defense system and was later used by the Germans as a castle guard . However, it is disputed whether the castellum Trebista , which was first mentioned in 1007, refers to the Doberschauer Castle. Regardless of this, the place celebrated its millennium in 2007.
Doberschau itself in 1221 in connection with the Oberlausitzer border certificate for the first time as a manor Dobruss or Dobirus called. At that time it belonged to the possession of the diocese of Meissen , whose border ran in the immediate vicinity of the village. Unlike its neighboring towns of Grubschütz and Preuschwitz, it was therefore not part of the Bohemian region of Budissin (later Upper Lusatia ), but it was nonetheless incorporated into the parish of Bautzen. In 1559 Doberschau came to the Electorate of Saxony together with the entire Stolpen office of the Meissen bishops - almost 80 years earlier than Bautzen and the rest of Upper Lusatia.
The place name, probably derived from the Old Sorbian personal name Dobroš ("the good"), changed during this time via Dobrusch (1430), Dobirsch (1487) and Doberscha (1559) to the current form, which is first recorded in 1768.
Doberschau was still administered from Stolpen into the 19th century, and since then the place has been in the Bautzen district. The municipality of Doberschau existed from 1839 to 1994 and later expanded to include the districts of Preuschwitz (1936) and Grubschütz (July 1, 1950). On January 1, 1994, the communities Gnaschwitz and Doberschau were combined to Gnaschwitz-Doberschau . With the merger with Gauässig on January 1, 1999, the name was changed to Doberschau-Gaussig .
population
In 1834 Doberschau was still a relatively small Sorbian village in the Bautzen area with 134 inhabitants . In the second half of the 19th century, however, the place experienced a rapid population increase due to its favorable location on the Spree and the associated industrialization. In 1871 it already had 251 inhabitants, in 1890 446 and in the next twenty years the number doubled to 909. While Arnošt Muka had 260 Sorbs (73%) and only 98 Germans among 358 inhabitants in the 1880s, the newcomers were predominantly German industrial workers. The Sorbian language in Doberschau largely disappeared from everyday life in the first half of the 20th century, so that Ernst Tschernik had a Sorbian-speaking population of only 10% in 1956.
In 1925 Doberschau already had 1,036 inhabitants, making it one of the largest towns in the Bautzen district. Population growth continued until around 1960; the place had almost 1500 inhabitants at times. This number has decreased significantly in the last 50 years, especially after 1990, but despite further local expansion.
The majority of the believing population is of the Evangelical Lutheran denomination.
Economy and Infrastructure
Industrial companies have settled in the entire Doberschauer Spreebogen since the 19th century. The largest among them were the royal powder factories and a paper factory each at the location of the old Doberschauer Mühle and at the Schanze. The powder factories were expanded significantly up to the First World War . In its tradition, the Gnaschwitz explosives plant, which is still in operation today, stands on the same site. The factory buildings of WEDO Formenbau und Kunststoffverarbeitung GmbH are located on the site of the former village mill , with 170 employees the largest company based in the village.
Doberschau is not far from the district center of Bautzen and has good transport connections. The Salzenforst junction of the A4 (Dresden-Görlitz) is about eight kilometers away and, thanks to the construction of the Bautzen southern bypass (S 106), it will be possible to reach it directly from Doberschau in a few minutes over the next few years.
Attractions
Due to the complete redesign of the old village in the last 150 years, the place hardly offers any architectural or cultural sights. The deep Spreetal, which leads directly past Doberschau, is attractive for cyclists, hikers etc. The Spreeradweg and the Lausitzer Schlange long-distance hiking trail lead through the village.
Personalities
- Julius Gottlob von Nostitz and Jänkendorf (1797–1870), large landowner, member of the Saxon state parliament
- Marie Simon (1824–1877), nurse, born in Doberschau
- Joachim Helas (* 1950), football player
literature
- Doberschau in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
Individual evidence
- ↑ Small-scale municipality sheet for Doberschau-Gaussig. (PDF; 0.23 MB) State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony , September 2014, accessed on February 2, 2015 .
- ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian population . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954.
- ^ Ludwig Elle: Language policy in the Lausitz . Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995, p. 244 .
