Großdrebnitz
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Großdrebnitz
Large district town of Bischofswerda
Coordinates: 51 ° 5 ′ 22 ″ N , 14 ° 9 ′ 24 ″ E
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| Height : | 312 m |
| Residents : | 883 (June 16, 2010) |
| Incorporation : | July 1, 1996 |
| Postal code : | 01877 |
| Area code : | 03594 |
The village of Großdrebnitz ( Upper Sorbian Drjewnica ) is a district of the town of Bischofswerda in the Bautzen district in Saxony . Its name, which comes from Sorbian, refers to a settlement in or near the forest, the suffix ica to a forest or wood stream, which gave the place its name and is known today as the Hundeflüsschen .
The place has about 1000 inhabitants and extends over a length of about four kilometers. There are no industrial companies, but there are numerous trades that significantly shape rural areas, such as B. a pond economy and an agricultural company, as well as various small trades.
location
Großdrebnitz is located near the federal highway 6 south of Goldbach and southwest of Bischofswerda, in the western Lusatian hill country . The village consists of the parts Großdrebnitz, Kleindrebnitz and Neudrebnitz. Großdrebnitz is a forest hoof village with a typical rural character on the western edge of Upper Lusatia .
The district of Kleindrebnitz stretches from the ponds on the Görlitz – Dresden railway line along the Hundeflüsschen to today's center. From then on, the district of Großdrebnitz begins. The highest point is around 380 m above sea level. NN . The transition between Klein- and Großdrebnitz is at about 310 m above sea level. NN . There is also a kind of “ weather divide ” here.
The center of today's Großdrebnitz is the area around the church with rectory, former school with cantor's council, inheritance court , blacksmith's shop and grocery store.
Kleindrebnitzer ponds near Goldbach 
Former Kleindrebnitz Hereditary Court 
Großdrebnitz with Martinskirche 
Richterberg Großdrebnitz seen from Weickersdorf
history
Groß- and Kleindrebnitz (Drewenitz major, Drewenitz minor) were first mentioned in 1262. Hugo von Wolkenburg ceded all claims to Albrecht II von Mutzschen against payment of 100 silver marks . The name Drebnicz comes from the year 1398. The similar-sounding Castellum Trebista refers to one of the three important donations in Milzenerland , which fell to the diocese of Meißen in 1007 , and not to Großdrebnitz.
Groß- and Kleindrebnitz belonged to the Stolpener official villages , for which no fiefs have been awarded since 1262. As a historical peculiarity in this context, the inheritors had a very influential position until the rural community reform after the introduction of the first Saxon constitution (1831), which ensured the villages great independence. The Großdrebnitzer Hereditary Court is the oldest documented farm in the village, first mentioned in 1490. From 1505 to 1507 Kleindrebnitz even administered the town of Bischofswerda after Duke Georg the Bearded had accepted ransom payments .
In 1559, Elector August of Saxony took over the Stolpen official villages from the diocese of Meißen, introduced the Reformation and two years later instructed the Stolpen official to look for gold in Großdrebnitz because, according to an old legend, the whales panned gold in the area.
After 1729 the main traffic route between Dresden and Poland ran through the Kleindrebnitz corridor. On the orders of August the Strong , a post road bypass had been set up because the Elector was in dispute with the Lady of Großharthau , the Countess of Flemming.
The historically significant Vorwerk is located in Kleindrebnitz . It was created in 1811 according to plans by Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer , who was appointed court architect a year later, on the site of a former pond farm that belonged to the Rennersdorf estate , which in turn established the further name. The new “Vorwerk” was an economic center for both districts for many years. Under Johann Gottfried Nake it was first used for breeding merino sheep , with the purchase of the Kleindrebnitz Hereditary Court by Nake, it became its preliminary work. The production of small parts made of plastic and leather followed later. The largest production facility for leather buttons in Saxony was temporarily located here.
In 1813 the place became the scene of world history. In September several regiments of Napoleon and Russian troops under the (French) generals Alexandre Andrault de Langeron and Vicomte de Saint-Priest faced each other during the Wars of Liberation . Fierce fighting broke out between September 13 and 17. On the very first day, the French Brigadier General Francois-Basile Azemar fell in Großdrebnitz , whom Napoleon thought very highly of . The next day Saint-Priest arrived with his cavalry and took several hundred prisoners. The French set up a hospital and buried the dead on a meadow next to the house where the Saxon agronomist Bruno Steglich (1857–1929) was later born in Kleindrebnitz. On September 20, General Neipperg occupied the village.
From 1827, Neudrebnitz was built on land owned by the Großdrebnitzer Hereditary Court. The organ builder Wilhelm Leberecht Herbrig lived and worked here from 1864 to 1871 .
Until the unification in 1936 at the instigation of the National Socialists, the two places Groß- and Kleindrebnitz were largely independent. But they formed a parish and shared a school.
On March 1, 1994, Großdrebnitz was united with Goldbach to form the rural community of Großdrebnitz, and on July 1, 1996, Weickersdorf was incorporated into Bischofswerda.
church
The church got its name Martinskirche on the decision of the church board in connection with the celebration of the 350th anniversary of the introduction of the Reformation in Großdrebnitz. So it got its name from Martin Luther .
This church is first mentioned in a document in 1346. It was probably built around 1250. Since it was never destroyed, the walls probably date from the time the church was built.
Carl Julius Marloth (1860–1875) and Richard Garbe (1936–1939, 1945–1951) are among the most deserving former pastors of Martinskirche . The Sorbe Marloth was a recognized writer in his time, founded a public library in the village and is considered to be the founder of the traditional Großdrebnitz local history. His works can also be found in the British Library . Garbe was one of the sympathizers of the Confessing Church and was exposed to politically motivated harassment both under National Socialism and under Socialism.
In June 2005 the church was consecrated again after extensive renovation. The organ was built by Christian Gottfried Herbrig in 1828. The historical instrument from the Herbrig workshop is one of 9 that have been preserved in Lausitz and Saxon Switzerland. Großdrebnitz is a station on the "Herbrig-Orgelstraße".
Personalities
Important sons of the place
Robert Heller (1812–1871) was an important author of historical novels. He was close to Heinrich Laube's writers from Vormärzand is considered to be the discoverer of Friedrich Gerstäcker . In connection with the German Revolution of 1848/49, he movedto Frankfurtas a reporter from the German constituent national assembly . In Hamburg he gained a reputation as an important art critic from 1851. In his most important novels he dealt with the Prince of Orange in the Dutch War of Independence against Spain and in Hohe Freunde the positive influence of Goethe on the later Grand Duke Carl August in classical Weimar. With his novel of the same name he brought the farmer's leader Florian Geyer into historical consciousness for the first time.
Max Neumeister (1849–1929) was an internationally renowned forest scientist. After studying at the Tharandt Forestry College and working for Prince Hatzfeldt , he returnedto the Tharandt Forestry Academyin 1882 as a professor, including for silviculture , of which he was director from 1894 to 1904. With his main work, The Forest Management of the Future , he continued the world-famous book The Forest Management of his predecessor in office, Johann Friedrich Judeich . One of Neumeister's most important awards was admission to the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina . As a member of the Saxon Railway Council, he established a train station in Weickersdorf, which was inaugurated in 1909.
Hermann Vetter (1859–1928) studied at the Dresden Conservatory with Theodor Kirchner , Wilhelm Rischbieter , Franz Wüllner and Eugen Kratz. He later earned himself an excellent reputation as a music teacher. In 1907 he was appointed professor and co-director of the conservatory. Vetter's best-known work, Zur Technik des Klavierspiels , was published in 1908. He made a name for himself primarily through the publication of printed music, including by Franz Liszt , Victor Alphonse Duvernoy , Friedrich Burgmüller and Johann Baptist Cramer .
Personalities who have made a special contribution to the place
The commitment of the church school teacher and local researcher Bruno Barthel was particularly important for the village cohesion of the districts that were independent until 1936 . His chronicle old and new from Groß- and Kleindrebnitz promoted the feeling of home, from the sales proceeds he financed a school book foundation for needy children. He received constant support from Ernst Gnauck (1849–1929), who had been the councilor of Kleindrebnitz for 32 years . Together they initiated the establishment of the local savings and loan fund and founded or managed the agricultural association. Gnauck was also significantly involved in the construction of the Weickersdorf train station, which was urgently needed at the time. King Friedrich August III. awarded both of them the Cross of Merit for their extraordinary commitment to the benefit of Groß- and Kleindrebnitz.
Monuments
The historic, medieval village centers of Großdrebnitz and Kleindrebnitz are designated as archaeological cultural monuments . In addition to the church and the rectory, there are two manors , a two-sided , some three-sided and four-sided courtyards and several residential buildings in the list of cultural monuments .
literature
- Carl Julius Marloth: Chronicle of Groß- and Kleindrebnitz. (1504–1869; Großdrebnitz parish archive)
- Bruno Barthel: Old and new from Groß- and Kleindrebnitz. May, Bischofswerda 1907.
- Frank Fiedler : The year 1900 in the communities of Groß- and Kleindrebnitz. In: Between Wesenitz and Löbauer Wasser. Volume 5, 2000, pp. 52-58.
- Frank Fiedler, Uwe Fiedler: Pictures of life from Upper Lusatia: 60 biographies from Bautzen, Bischofswerda and the surrounding area. Books on Demand, 7th edition, 2017, ISBN 978-3-7448-7197-6 (with 11 biographies from Groß- and Kleindrebnitz; digitized ) in the Internet Archive
- Cornelius Gurlitt : Großdrebnitz. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 31. Booklet: Bautzen Official Authority (Part I) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1908, p. 88.
- Großdrebnitz . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 3rd volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1816, p. 491.
Web links
- Großdrebnitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Kleindrebnitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
Individual evidence
- ^ Walter Wenzel : Oberlausitzer Ortnamesbuch. Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 2008.
- ^ Hermann Knothe : The possessions of the Diocese of Meißen in Upper Lusatia . In: Karl von Weber (ed.): Archives for the Saxon history . 6th volume. Bernhard Tauchnitz, Leipzig 1868, p. 182 ( online in Google book search).
- ^ Institute for Saxon History and Folklore (Ed.): Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae CDS II 1. Documents of the Meissen Monastery. No. 18 ( Online ), Jan. 1, 1006, K. Heinrich II. Donated three castles in the Milzane district to the collegiate church in Meissen
- ^ Karlheinz Blaschke (ed.): Historical place directory of Saxony. Leipzig University Press, 2006
- ^ Roland Paeßler : Heimatblätter. Historical excursion through the area around Großharthau and Bischofswerda. Edited by Ideen + Werbung, Bautzen 1997
- ↑ Price publications. Ed. Fürstl. Jablonowskischen to Leipzig. Hirzel, Leipzig 1867.
- ↑ Bruno Barthel: The Stolpener Amtsteiche and the Vorwerk Kleindrebnitz. In: Our home. Supplement to the Saxon narrator. No. 6-7, 1922
- ↑ Uwe Fiedler: The Kleindrebnitzer Vorwerk - also Herbrig's organ building workshop and the house where Prof. Max Neumeister was born? (PDF file; 0.15 MB)
- ↑ Ulrich Hahnemann: The history of the Saxon button industry - its historical career from the manual production of buttons to industrial mass production in the period from 1763 to 1933. Dissertation TU Chemnitz, 2001
- ^ Georg Heinrich Pertz , Hans Delbrück: The life of field marshal Count Neithardt von Gneisenau. Reimer, 1864
- ^ Carl von Plotho : The war in Germany and France in the years 1813 and 1814. Amelang, 1817
- ↑ Bruno Steglich : Memories from my life. Unpublished. Dresden 1927
- ↑ Austrian Military Journal . Volume 3, Issue 7–9, Vienna 1838, p. 138.
- ↑ Klaus Mann: On the trail of the Herbrigs and their organs. In: Stolpner Hefte. Issue 12. Ed. Kulturwerkstatt Stolpen, Stolpen 2006
- ↑ Municipalities 1994 and their changes since January 1, 1948 in the new federal states , Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart, 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 , publisher: Federal Statistical Office
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1996
- ↑ Carl Julius Marloth ( memento from July 19, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) in the Biographical Lexicon of Upper Lusatia
- ↑ Richard Garbe in the Saxon Biography
- ↑ Website Kulturwerkstatt Stolpen e. V.
- ↑ Overview map
- ↑ Heller ( memento from July 17th, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) in the Biographical Lexicon of Upper Lusatia
- ↑ Max Neumeister ( memento from July 17, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) in the Biographical Lexicon of Upper Lusatia
- ^ Hermann Vetter ( Memento from March 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) in the Biographical Lexicon of Upper Lusatia
- ↑ Bruno Barthel ( memento of November 29, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) in the Upper Lusatia Biographical Lexicon
- ^ Ernst Gnauck ( Memento from December 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) in the Biographical Lexicon of Upper Lusatia
