Trichinae examination

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Trichinous meat
Worker during the trichinae examination in 1952 in the slaughterhouse in Leipzig

The trichinae examination , previously - and now only in the Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/1375 - referred to as trichinae examination, is an examination of meat for trichinae after slaughter. The trichinae examination is part of the official ante-mortem and meat inspection for slaughtered animals and game subject to mandatory inspection .

Animal species subject to examination

Meat from domestic pigs , solipeds , wild boars , bears , foxes , beaver rats and badgers as well as from all other animals that can carry trichinae (zoologically known today as trichinae) is subject to an inspection requirement if their meat is to be used for human consumption.

historical development

Several trichinae epidemics in 1863/64 were decisive for the introduction of the Trichinenschau. When August Colberg had worked through the Hettstedter epidemic (1864), the obligatory Trichinenschau was introduced in the Kingdom of Prussia in 1866 . Before the introduction of the “Reich Meat Inspection Act” under the leadership of Robert von Ostertag and Rudolf Virchow around 1900, it is estimated that there were around 15,000 diseases per year in Germany. As a result of the meat inspection, this number fell to almost zero in 50 years. Nevertheless, it remains necessary. According to more recent studies, 20% of foxes still carry the pathogen, which can then transmit it to wild boars or, in the worst case, to domestic pigs.

In the trichinae tests carried out in Germany between 2000 and 2009 on around 453 million domestic pigs, trichinae were found in only 4 specimens, and 92 positive proofs were found in around 3.4 million wild boars.

execution

The trichinae samples are taken by the official veterinarian or the official specialist assistant, following the instructions of the official veterinarian. Personally reliable and officially specially trained hunters with a valid hunting license can have the sampling of game (wild boar and badger) taken as an official activity by the veterinary office ; The certificate of origin serves as proof of this and for the subsequent procedure as one of the prerequisites for placing on the market .
The sample - at least 10 g - is taken from a heavily perfused point on the body of the game, e.g. B. from the diaphragm , the muscles of the foreleg or the tongue.

The magnetic stirring method for the artificial digestion of bulk samples has been established as a reference detection method under European law since 1978. The digestive sediment is examined in the larval counting basin or in the Petri dish using a trichinoscope or stereomicroscope with a magnification of 15 to 20 times. If the result is positive or questionable, a second round with individual samples must be scheduled. In pigs, trichinae infestation can also be detected serologically via antibody detection , but this method is not approved in the EU. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most sensitive detection method and is mainly used to identify the types of trichinae.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Frank Galster and Andreas König in LWF-aktuell of the Bavarian State Institute for Forests and Forestry: Trichinenschau is more necessary than ever ( Memento from May 31, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 466 kB).
  2. ↑ Dt. TAB. 59 (2011), p. 451.
  3. ↑ Section 6 (2) Tier-LMÜV
  4. ↑ § 4a Tier-LMHV; Patterns of wild origin certificate s for investigation for trichinosis in the case of Trichinenprobenahme by the hunter (§ 6 paragraph 2 of the Animal Food Control Regulation) in accordance with the Regulation on hygiene requirements in the production, processing and marketing of certain products of animal origin (animal food hygiene Regulation - Tier-LMHV) Annex 8a (to Section 2b (2), Section 4 (3) and Section 25)
  5. ↑ Leaflet Landratsamt Rhein-Sieg-Kreis (representative of other leaflets from various district offices) [1]
  6. ↑ Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Horst Zahner, Johannes Eckert, Peter Deplazes: Textbook of Parasitology for Veterinary Medicine . Georg Thieme, 2012, ISBN 9783830412069 .