Tsukushi (ship, 1880)
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|---|---|
 The gunboat Tsukushi |
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| Overview | |
| Type | Gunboat |
| Shipyard |
Armstrong, Mitchell , Low Walker , Build No. 399 |
| Keel laying | October 2, 1879 |
| Launch | August 11, 1880 |
| delivery | June 18, 1883 |
| Decommissioning | May 26, 1906 |
| Whereabouts | Canceled in 1910 |
| Technical specifications | |
| displacement |
1350 ts, |
| length |
64 m (210 ft) |
| width |
9.7 m (32 ft) |
| Draft |
4.4 m (14.5 ft) |
| crew |
186 men |
| drive |
4 cylinder boiler |
| speed |
16.5 kn |
| Armament |
2 × 254 mm cannon |
| Coal supply |
250 ts, max. 300 ts |
The Tsukushi ( Japanese 筑紫 ) was a gunboat of the Imperial Japanese Navy, which was under construction . Your name is an older name for the island of Kyushu . The Japanese bought the ship under construction for Chile as Arturo Prat after the client withdrew from the purchase. The boat was used in the Sino -Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War , was decommissioned in 1906 and canceled in 1910.
The Tsukushi had two sister ships , the Chinese cruisers Chaoyong and Yangwei , which had been ordered by the Qing Dynasty for the modern Beiyang fleet and were delivered in 1881. Both were lost to the Japanese fleet in the sea battle on the Yalu on September 17, 1894.
Building history
The Tsukushi was a two-masted gunboat with a metal hull which the British designer Sir Edward James Reed had designed for Armstrong in Elswick near Newcastle upon Tyne . The ship was started as Arturo Prat for the Chilean Navy on October 2, 1879 with hull number 399 at the Mitchell shipyard, which works with Armstrong, in Low Walker on the Tyne and was launched on August 11, 1880. For economic reasons, Chile had to cancel the construction contract and Japan then bought the unfinished ship. In Chile, the resignation is attributed to the desire to get a stronger ship.
The Tsukushi received two double expansion steam engines , each driving a screw and producing the steam for the four boilers. She was the first ship in the Japanese Navy with electric lighting and hydraulically controlled weapons.
The main armament consisted of two 10-inch 254-mm cannons, which were set up individually at the bow and stern. In addition, four 120 mm cannons were installed on the sides.
Mission history
The Tsukushi arrived in Japan on June 18, 1883 after her transfer voyage from England.
In the Sino-Japanese War, as a reserve unit, it secured the transport routes by sea to Korea , Dairen and Weihaiwei . It was also used in the forefront of the siege of Weihaiwei and received Chinese artillery hits. Even after the war it was mainly used to secure the sea routes.
During the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, she was stationed in Amoy and Shanghai and was supposed to protect Japanese civilians, the interests of Japan in the treaty ports and the Japanese branches.
During the Russo-Japanese War, the Tsukushi served as a guard ship on the Korea Strait between Korea and Kyūshū and as a security ship when transferring Japanese troops to Korea. She also took part in the sea battle at Tsushima . After the battle she was subordinated to the Kure Naval District and served as a guard ship in the port of Kobe . She was briefly used as a torpedo training ship.
On May 25, 1906, the gunboat Tsukushi was decommissioned. In 1910 the old ship was demolished.
Fate of the Chinese sister ships
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The Chaoyong and Yangwei of the Chinese Beiyang Fleet, known as cruisers, were ordered from the Tsukushi ex Arturo Prat in 1880 (construction number 406,407) and were delivered in 1881. They differed from the Japanese ship only in the light weapons.
The Chaoyong was rammed shortly after the opening of the sea battle on Yalu on September 17, 1894 by the Chinese top ship Jiyuan during a turning maneuver and then incapacitated by the Japanese "Flying Division" under Rear Admiral Tsuboi Kōzō with the cruisers Yoshino , Takachiho , Akitsushima and Naniwa and sank .
The Yangwei tried to withdraw from the battle. She ran aground and was lost.
Individual evidence
literature
- Peter Brooke: Warships for Export: Armstrong Warships 1867-1927. World Ship Society, Gravesend 1999, ISBN 0-905617-89-4 .
- Roger Chesneau, Eugene M. Kolesnik (Eds.): Conway All the World Fighting Ships, 1860-1905. Conway Maritime Press, London 1979/2002, ISBN 0-85177-133-5 .
- Hansgeorg Jentsura: Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis 1976, ISBN 0-87021-893-X .
Web links
- Side view of the Tsukushi
- Arturo Pratt on the side of the Chilean Navy
- Hiroshi Nishida: Materials of IJN . In: Imperial Japanese Navy . Retrieved August 23, 2020.