Armstrong-Whitworth
The Sir WG Armstrong Whitworth & Co., Ltd. was a major British company of the early 20th century. The group, based in Elswick near Newcastle upon Tyne, produced weapons, ships, locomotives, automobiles and aircraft. In 1927 he became part of Vickers-Armstrongs .
history
In 1847 the engineer William George Armstrong founded a factory in Elswick near Newcastle and began manufacturing hydraulic machines, cranes and bridges. Soon after, he began manufacturing guns and rifles with the Elswick Ordnance Company .
In 1882, the company merged with shipbuilder Charles Mitchell to form Armstrong, Mitchell and Company . Initially, civil and military ships were built at the Mitchell shipyard in Low Walker, but shortly after the merger, a new shipyard was built in Elswick, which mainly built warships for export. The protected cruiser developed there was delivered as a so-called Elswick cruiser to a large number of smaller navies. The armored cruisers developed as a kind of small and fast ship of the line became models for the construction of this type of ship worldwide. For this purpose, mainly Italian shipyards, Armstrong had opened a plant in Pozzuoli near Naples in 1885 , built the guns developed by Armstrong into the ships built for the Regia Marina and export. Armstrong's chief designer was initially William Henry White , then from 1885 to 1902 Director of Naval Construction of the Royal Navy, succeeded by Philip Watts , who also became Director of Naval Construction of the Royal Navy from 1902 to 1912, and in 1912 as Director of Warship Construction Company returned.
The new umbrella company Armstrong-Whitworth was created in 1897 through the merger with the mechanical engineering company of Joseph Whitworth . The company began manufacturing automobiles and trucks in 1902. From 1913 there was an aircraft construction department, which from 1920 formed the Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft .
In 1927, the armaments and mechanical engineering business was combined with Vickers Limited and was thus part of Vickers-Armstrongs. The aircraft and aircraft engine manufacturing was outsourced and came into the possession of John Davenport Siddeley .
Products
Hydraulic systems
The predecessor company Sir WG Armstrong Mitchell & Company was responsible for the installation of numerous hydraulic systems, including for the Tower Bridge in London from 1894.
Warships
For export
- Veinticinco de Mayo , Argentine Navy , Protected Cruiser 1891
- Nueve de Julio , Argentine Navy, Armored Cruiser 1893
- Buenos Aires , Argentine Navy, Armored Cruiser 1896
- Parana and Rosario , Argentine Navy, Gunboats 1909
- Republica , Brazilian Navy , cruiser 1892
- Almirante Barroso , Brazilian Navy, Protected Cruiser 1897
- Minas Geraes , Brazilian Navy, battleship 1908
- Bahia , Brazilian Navy, reconnaissance cruiser 1910
- Rio Grande do Sul , Brazilian Navy, reconnaissance cruiser 1910
- Giovanni Bausan , cruiser 1885
- Dogali , launched for Greece as Salamis , Italian Navy, cruiser 1887
- Piemonte , Italian Navy, cruiser 1889
- Castore and Polluce , Italian Navy, Gunboats 1891
- Esmeralda , Chilean Navy , Protected Cruiser 1883 → 1895 Izumi
- Blanco Encalada , Chilean Navy, cruiser, 1894
- Esmeralda , Chilean Navy, Armored Cruiser 1897
- Ministro Zenteno , Chilean Navy, cruiser, 1897
- O'Higgins , Chilean Navy, Armored Cruiser, 1898
- Chacabuco , speculative building, Chilean Navy, cruiser, 1902
- Chaoyong and Yangwei , Chinese Fleet (Beiyang Fleet), Protected Cruisers 1881
- Zhiyuan and Jingyuan , Chinese Fleet (Beiyang Fleet), Protected Cruisers 1887
- Haitien and Haiqi , Chinese Fleet, Protected Cruisers 1897–1898
- Chao Ho , Chinese fleet, school cruiser 1912
- Tsukushi ( 筑紫 ), Imperial Japanese Navy , launched for Chile as Arturo Prat , gunboat 1883
- Naniwa (浪 速 ) and Takachiho (高 千 ), Imperial Japanese Navy , Protected Cruiser 1885
- Yoshino (吉野 ) Imperial Japanese Navy, Protected Cruiser 1892
- Yashima (八 島 ) Imperial Japanese Navy, ship of the line 1896
- Takasago (高 砂 ), Imperial Japanese Navy, Protected Cruiser 1897
- Asama (浅 間 ) and Tokiwa (常 盤 ), Imperial Japanese Navy, armored cruiser 1898
- Hatsuse (初 瀬 ), Imperial Japanese Navy, ship of the line 1899
- Izumo (出 雲 ) and Iwate (岩手 ), Imperial Japanese Navy, armored cruiser 1900
- Kashima (鹿島 ), Imperial Japanese Navy, ship of the line 1905
- Harald Haarfagre and Tordenskjold , Norwegian Navy , coastal armored ships 1897
- Norge and Eidsvold , Norwegian Navy, coastal armored ships 1900/1901
- Panther and Leopard , Austro-Hungarian Navy , torpedo cruiser 1885/1886
- Dom Carlos I , Portuguese Navy , Protected Cruiser 1899
- Elisabeta , Romanian Navy , cruiser 1888
- Yermak (Ермак), Imperial Russian Navy , 1898
- Angara , Imperial Russian Navy, Icebreaker 1899
- Tarmo , Finland , icebreaker 1907
- Isla de Luzon and Isla de Cuba , Spanish Navy , Protected Cruisers 1887
- Hamidiye , Ottoman Navy , Armored Cruiser 1904
- New Orleans and Albany , United States Navy , launched in 1896 as the Amazon for Brazil, or keel laid as Almirante Abreu , Protected Cruiser 1898 1900
- HMS Rattler and HMS Wasp , Bramble-class sloops of the Royal Navy , 1886
- HMS Victoria , battleship , 1890
- HMS Whiting → HMS Boomerang , HMS Wizard → HMS Karakatta , HMS Assaye , HMS Plassey , torpedo gunboats of the Sharpshooter Class 1889-1891
- HMS Pandora → HMS Katoomba , HMS Pelorus → HMS Mildura , HMS Persian → HMS Wallaroo , Protected Cruiser of the Pearl class 1890
- HMS Sirius and HMS Spartan , Apollo-class protected cruisers 1892/1893
- HMS Spitfire and HMS Swordfish , torpedo boat destroyers 1895
- HMS Pactolus , Pelorus-class armored cruiser 1899
- HMS Cobra , experimental turbine destroyer, sold to the Royal Navy in 1900
- HMS Swiftsure , built for Chile as Constitución , bought in 1903, ship of the line in 1904
- HMS Lancaster , armored cruiser of Monmouth Class 1904
- HMS Hampshire , 1905 Devonshire class armored cruiser
- HMS Amethyst , Gem-Class protected cruiser 1905, first turbine cruiser in the world
- HMS Adventure and HMS Attentive , scout cruiser 1905
- HMS Achilles , 1907 Warrior-class armored cruiser
- HMS Invincible battle cruiser 1909
- HMS Afridi , 1907 Tribal class destroyer
- HMS Superb battleship Bellerophon Class 1909
- HMS Newcastle , Town-class first group light cruiser 1910
- HMS Weymouth , light cruiser, Town class second group lead ship, 1911
- HMS Monarch battleship Orion Class 1912
- HMS Birmingham , light cruiser, Town-class fourth group lead ship, 1914
- HMS Agincourt , battleship for Brazilian, then Ottoman Navy, seized by the Royal Navy in July 1914
- HMS Canada , battleship Almirante Latorre for the Chilean Navy bought by the Royal Navy in July 1914, but sold to Chile in 1921
- HMS Glatton (KNoM Bjørgvin) and HMS Gorgon (KNoM Nidaros), coastal armored vehicles for the Norwegian Navy under construction, taken over by the Royal Navy
- HMS Malaya , battleship 1916
- HMS Courageous , large cruiser 1917, later aircraft carrier
- HMS Furious , large cruiser 1917, later aircraft carrier
- HMS Danae , HMS Delhi and HMS Dunedin , Danae-class light cruisers 1918/1919
- HMS Hermes , aircraft carrier 1923
- HMS Eagle started as a battleship for Chile, aircraft carrier in 1924
- HMS Emerald , light cruiser 1926
- HMS Nelson , battleship 1930
- HMS Newcastle , light cruiser 1937
- HMS Nigeria , Crown Colony class light cruiser 1940
- HMS King George V , battleship 1940
- HMS Victorious , 1941 aircraft carrier
- HMS Abercrombie , Monitor 1943
- HMS Uganda , Crown Colony class light cruiser 1943
- HMS Swiftsure , light cruiser 1943
- HMS Perseus , Colossus-class aircraft carrier in 1945, completed as an aircraft repair ship
Locomotives
Armstrong first built a locomotive in 1847. Twenty 1-B locomotives for East Indian Railways followed between 1861 and 1868 .
After the First World War, Armstrong Whitworth converted the gun factory in Scotswood near Elswick into a locomotive factory. Armstrong Whitworth built numerous steam and diesel locomotives for railroad companies and industrial railways here. A total of 1,464 locomotives were built in Scotswood before the factory restarted weapons production in 1937.
- 50 Class T2 D locomotives of the North Eastern Railway (NER) 1919–1921
- 200 1D type 37 locomotives for the Belgian State Railways in 1920
- 55 C-locomotives of class 3835 of the Midland Railway 1921-1922
- 25 C- tank locomotives of the NER-class E1 1922
- six 1C2 tank locomotives of the Metropolitan Railway class K 1924
- two 2C + C2 Garratt locomotives for the Ferrocarril Pacifico de Colombia 1924 (760 mm gauge)
- 30 locomotives for the South Australian Railways in 1926,
ten 2D1 locomotives of class 500
ten 2C1 locomotives of class 600
ten 1D1 locomotives of class 700 - 25 Queensland Railways Class C17 2D locomotives 1927
- 50 C1-tank locomotives of class 5600 of the Great Western Railway (GWR) 1928
- 30 2D2 tank locomotives for the Ferrocarril Central Argentino class Ms-6a 1927,1930
- 20 2C locomotives for the Egyptian State Railways class 545 1928
- two 1C1 + 1C1 Garratt locomotives for the Great Western of Brazil 1929 (1000 mm gauge)
- 20 3-cylinder 2C1 locomotives for the Ferrocarril Central Argentino 1930
- 25 GWR class 5700 C tank locomotives 1930–1931
- 40 2C class K3 / 2 locomotives of the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) 1931–1936
- four D-locomotives for the Yue Han Railway , China 1935
- 327 2C locomotives of the LMS class 5 "Black Five" of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) 1935–1937
- an LMS Diesel Shunter with 250 HP 1933
- ten LMS diesel shunters with 350 hp 1936
Automobiles
Armstrong-Whitworth vehicles were manufactured from 1906 and were based on the Wilson-Pilcher model . After the merger with Siddeley-Deasy in 1919, the manufacture of Armstrong Siddeley cars began in Coventry .
The Wilson Pilcher was built in London from 1901. In 1904 the new owner moved production to Newcastle. The first in-house development was the 28/36 from 1906. From 1911 the smaller 12/14 was created. The first six-cylinder model was the 30/50 from 1912.
From 1931 to 1937, Armstrong Saurer trucks were manufactured under the license of the Swiss Adolph Saurer AG .
Planes
The Sir WG Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft Company was a British aircraft manufacturer from 1912 to 1961. The company was part of the Hawker Siddeley Group, now BAE Systems.
See main article Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft
Elswick Ordnance Company
The Elswick Ordnance Company formed the armaments division of the group and was one of the largest arms suppliers in the First World War.
Web links
- Tyne and Wear Archives
- Early documents and newspaper articles on Armstrong-Whitworth in the 20th Century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
Individual evidence
- ^ Armstrong Whitworth & Beardmore . steamindex.com. Retrieved October 23, 2011.
- ↑ Class 500 SAR locomotives
- ↑ Class 600 SAR locomotives
- ↑ Class 700 SAR locomotives