Dom Carlos I (1898)
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 The cathedral of Carlos I. |
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| Overview | |
| Type | Protected cruiser |
| Shipyard |
Armstrong, Whitworth & Co , |
| Keel laying | December 3, 1896 |
| Launch | May 5, 1898 |
| Namesake | the Portuguese King Charles I (1863-1908) then the fleet admiral Carlos C. dos Reis (1852-1910) |
| Commissioning | July 1899 |
| Decommissioning | 1916 |
| Whereabouts | Canceled in 1925 |
| Technical specifications | |
| displacement |
4,460 tn.l. |
| length |
117.95 m over everything, |
| width |
14.2 m |
| Draft |
5.3 m |
| crew |
305 - 473 men |
| drive |
12 Yarrow boilers , |
| speed |
22.18 kn , |
| Armament |
4 × 6 inches (152 mm) -L / 45- Armstrong Rapid Fire Guns |
| Coal supply |
700, maximum 1000 tn.l. |
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Armor armored deck command tower |
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| similar | |
The Dom Carlos I was a protected cruiser of the Elswick type that was ordered by the Portuguese Navy from Armstrong, Whitworth & Co in January 1897 . The ship was developed according to the plans of the Yoshino and was similar to the Takasago and Chacabuco , which were built at the same time , without their heavy artillery. Unlike these cruisers, it had a copper-clad hull, was the first Elswick cruiser to only have water-tube boilers and had the largest propulsion system with Yarrow boilers . The cruiser was the largest ship of the Marinha Portuguesa during its service.
The cruiser was actively involved in the Portuguese Revolution in October 1910 and was renamed in the Republic in Almirante Reis after the fleet admiral Carlos Cândido dos Reis (1852-1910), who mistakenly believed that the revolution would fail in 1910, committed suicide. In 1918 the ship was partially disarmed in order to modernize it. However, the poor financial situation of the republic did not allow this modernization, so that the former Dom Carlos I was removed from the fleet list and sold to Holland for demolition in 1925.
Building history
The Armstrong company had been negotiating with Portugal since the beginning of 1896 to build a cruiser similar to the Japanese Yoshino . Since the cruiser should also be suitable for use in the tropics, a delivery of the speculative construction to the Low Walker shipyard (the later Chilean Chacabuco ) was canceled , and the keel for the new one became the end of 1896 even before the final contract was signed Portuguese cruiser stretched at the Elswick shipyard. As an innovation, this was to be equipped for the first time for an Elswick cruiser only with water tube boilers, and Yarrow boilers were chosen, which had never formed such a large propulsion system. Unlike the Takasago and the somewhat larger Chinese cruisers, which were built at the same time , the Dom Carlos I. did not receive any heavy 8-inch cannons, but only four 6-inch guns as the heaviest weapons, the bow and stern guns and a pair on the side of the Bridge like the one where Yoshino came to be installed.
The Dom Carlos Primeiro was launched on May 5, 1898 and completed her shipyard trials on April 19, 1899.
Mission history
In July 1899 the new cruiser arrived in Lisbon. It was the largest ship in the Portuguese Navy and remained so during its service life. On April 9, 1900, the Dom Carlos I started her first big trip abroad via São Vicente (Cape Verde) to Rio de Janeiro to take part in the 400th anniversary of the discovery of Brazil , where it arrived on April 29.
In January 1901, the cruiser took part in the fleet parade off the Isle of Wight on the occasion of the death of Queen Victoria . From June to mid-July the cruiser accompanied the Portuguese royal couple on the yacht Amélia III (1898, 650 tons left) together with the cruisers Rainha Dona Amélia (1901, 1693 tons left) and São Gabriel (1897, 1771 tons left). l.) to Madeira and the Azores , where the islands of Santa Maria , Faial , Graciosa and Terceira were visited. The association then ran back to Lisbon from Ponta Delgada on São Miguel .
In May 1902 the cruiser received a radio system that had a range of up to 90 miles. In 1902, the cruiser was to take part in the fleet inspection on the occasion of the coronation of the British King Edward VII , for which he arrived in Spithead on June 23 with the 15-year-old Portuguese Crown Prince Ludwig Philipp . Shortly after the Dom Carlos I , the similar Chacabuco , now acquired by Chile and still in England, arrived, and a day later also its sister ship Takasago with the armored cruiser Asama from Japan.
Due to an illness of King Edward, the show was postponed. The substitute date in August was taken again with the Crown Prince and the cruiser Rainha Dona Amélia .
On October 25, the Dom Carlos I made another trip to Brazil to attend the inauguration of President Francisco Rodrigues Alves . Rio was reached on November 14th via the Cape Verde Islands. In addition to the Brazilian fleet, three English, one American, one French and one Argentine warship were anchored in Guanabara Bay. On the march back, Belém (Pará) and São Vicente were called before the cruiser returned to Lisbon in January 1903.
In 1903 the cruiser received the English Minister Joseph Chamberlain in Funchal , then escorted the British royal yacht HMS Victoria and Albert on the state visit of King Edward VII from the mouth of the Tagus upwards , then visited Algiers in honor of the French President during his stay in North Africa and did 1903 another visit to Cartagena , to greet King Karl to the Spanish King Alfonso XIII. to deliver. In August, the British fleet passed the Portuguese south coast during its maneuvers with over 100 units and was welcomed by the Dom Carlos I with the king on board, who observed the British maneuver with the cruiser. The missions in 1904 and 1905 were similar.
Plague cases occurred on Madeira at the end of 1905. The massive measures of the authorities to contain the disease, the isolation of the sick and the quarantine over the island led to unrest and riots. The government therefore sent the Dom Carlos I to reinforce the authorities and, if necessary, to suppress the unrest. Some family members of those responsible were accommodated on the cruiser for safety. So a boy was born on board who was named Carlos. The cruiser was able to leave Funchal again in February.
On April 8, 1906, the crew of the cruiser lying on the Tagus mutinied, sent the commander off board and demanded his immediate replacement. A first attempt to occupy the cruiser the following day failed. The Commander in Chief of the Navy, Vice Admiral Ferreira de Amaral , finally went on board the cruiser in person and achieved the task of the crew, most of which were then replaced. In May 1906 the cruiser ran with a school division to the Azores for two months.
In September 1907, Dom Carlos I became the flagship of a new school division, which also included the old ironclad Vasco da Gama (1876, 3030tn.l., 15.5 knots), which was converted into a cruiser , and the São Rafael (1897, 1771 ) built in France tn.l., 17.5 kn) and the destroyer Tejo (1897, 536 tn.l., 27 kn), and with which several school trips to Madeira and the Azores were carried out in 1908. In January 1909 the cruiser was on another voyage to Madeira and the Azores in Funchal, the command of the high command to run to Port Said and take over cadets from the Rainha Dona Amelia . On January 27, the cruiser reached Port Said and ran via Malta and Cartagena back to Funchal and on to the Azores in early February, before returning to Lisbon on April 22, 1909. The summer and autumn of the year were filled with further school trips.
In April 1910, was Dom Carlos I to Argentina to attend the 100th anniversary celebrations of independence dispatched wherein prior Buenos Aires still Montevideo was visited. On the way back, Rio de Janeiro, Pernambuco and, in June, Trinidad were called because of the Portuguese community there. 49 sailors deserted on this voyage, 29 of them in Argentina. In August 1910 the cruiser traveled to the Azores for the last time with his baptismal name and under the blue and white royal flag.
In the service of the republic
On October 4, 1910, Lieutenant Carlos da Maia took command of the cruiser on behalf of the Republican forces. During the takeover there was a brief battle with the officers who wanted to remain loyal to King Manuel . Almost all of them were wounded in the fight, including the previous commander of the ship. The next morning a landing party of 70 men was formed to strengthen the revolutionary forces on land.
In October 1910, the cruiser was sent to Funchal with medication, where cholera had broken out. There the cruiser was renamed Almirante Reis in December and then returned to Lisbon under its new name in January 1911.
In July 1912, the cruiser was en route to Viana do Castelo in northern Portugal when it ran aground on the afternoon of July 8th, Navy Day, just before low tide off Esposende . After four hours the gunboat Limpopo managed to tow the cruiser free again. Despite some damage, the cruiser continued its voyage and did not return to Lisbon until August 1912. In 1913 and 1914 he was again part of the school division.
Soon after the outbreak of the First World War , the Almirante Reis was sent to Africa in September 1914 to accompany two troop transports. São Vicente, Luanda , Cape Town , Lourenco Marques , Porto Amélia - today Pemba - and Mozambique were called for supplies , from where the march back to Portugal, which lasted until February 1915, began. In May 1915 there was a mutiny on board. The commandant Joaquim Nunes da Silva, who had just taken command, was seriously injured and died a day later in the naval hospital. In July 1915, the cruiser was reassigned to the Training Division. However, the ship had significant problems with the boilers during the voyages. The tubes had not been replaced after the usual five years, and the boilers were in poor condition after ten years of use. In 1916 she went on another cruise with the Vasco da Gama . It was then decided not to allow any further travel in the current state. The Almirante Reis was taken out of Denst and a boiler repair planned. But this was never done. In 1919 the cruiser was disarmed. As there were no funds for modernization, the former Dom Carlos I was struck off the fleet list in 1923 and sold to Holland for demolition in 1925.
literature
- Peter Brooke: Warships for Export: Armstrong Warships 1867-1927. World Ship Society, Gravesend 1999, ISBN 0-905617-89-4 .
- Roger Chesneau, Eugène M. Koleśnik, NJM Campbell: Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860-1905. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Md. 1979, ISBN 0-85177-133-5 .
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ Brooks, p. 95.
- ↑ official website of the Portuguese Navy ( Memento of the original from August 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Brooks, p. 95
