USS New Orleans (CL-22)
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.jpg) The USS New Orleans |
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| Overview | |
| Type | Protected cruiser |
| Shipyard |
Armstrong, Mitchell & Co , |
| Keel laying | February 6, 1896 for Brazil |
| Launch | December 4, 1896 as the Amazon |
| Namesake | the city of New Orleans |
| Commissioning | March 18, 1898 as USS Amazonas |
| Decommissioning | November 16, 1922 |
| Whereabouts | Canceled in 1930 |
| Technical specifications | |
| displacement |
3,438 tn.l. |
| length |
108.1 m over everything, |
| width |
13.1 m |
| Draft |
5.1 m |
| crew |
363 men |
| drive |
4 cylinder boilers , |
| speed |
19.52 kn |
| Armament |
6 × 6 inches (152 mm) -L / 50- Armstrong Rapid Fire Guns |
| Armament from 1907 |
10 × 5 in. (127 mm) -L / 50 - Rapid Fire Guns |
| Coal supply |
350, maximum 1135 tn.l. |
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Armor armored deck, gun shields, command tower |
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| Sister ships |
Ministro Zenteno , Chile |
The second USS New Orleans (later CL-22 ) was a protected cruiser of the United States Navy . It was started as the Amazon for the Brazilian Navy , but was bought almost completely by the United States on March 16, 1898, to prevent a feared purchase by the Spanish Navy shortly before the impending war. She came into service with the US Navy in 1898 as a cruiser New Orleans and took part in the Spanish-American War off Cuba . From 1900 to 1916 it was used in the Pacific. When the USA entered the First World War , the cruiser moved to the Atlantic and remained in convoy service until January 1918. In 1918 the New Orleans was relocated to the Pacific, where it was decommissioned in late 1922. In 1930 the USS New Orleans (CL-22) was sold for demolition along with its sister ship the USS Albany .
Building history
In 1895 the Brazilian Navy ordered three cruisers from the warship yard of Armstrong, Mitchell & Co in Elswick near Newcastle upon Tyne , which were slightly smaller than the largest Elswick cruisers delivered to Japan , Argentina and Chile . Probably because of financial difficulties, Brazil had sold the first of these cruisers to Chile on the Helgen, where it came into service as Ministro Zenteno in 1897 . The second cruiser was also delivered to Brazil in 1897 as the Almirante Barroso . The third ship was launched as the Amazon in late 1896 . For this purpose, Brazil had ordered another ship, which could not be started until the end of 1897 due to the heavy utilization of the shipyard. On March 16, 1898, the now completed third ship and the unfinished replacement building were purchased by the United States, which wanted to prevent the sale of these ships to the Spanish Navy in view of the existing tensions with Spain .
The cruisers designed by Philip Watts for Brazil displaced a little over 3400 tn.l., were 113.5 m long and 13.4 m wide and had a copper-clad hull for use in tropical waters. The four-cylinder, three-fold expansion machines supplied by Humphrys & Tennant developed 6500 PSi on two screws.
The cruisers purchased by the USA retained the mixed armament planned for the Brazilian Navy, consisting of six 6-inch and four 4.7-inch rapid-fire guns from the manufacturer . They also had ten six-pounder and four one- pounder cannons, four Colt system machine guns and three 45 cm torpedo tubes (nose tube and two broadside tubes).
Between 1903 and 1907 the two Elswick cruisers were re-armed. For the 12 cm and 15.2 cm Armstrong guns that were used, which had not been installed in the US Navy or otherwise only in a few ships, they received ten American 5 inch (12.7 cm) L / 50 guns. However, these guns were also a new development that only found widespread use in the Navy in an improved form. The expanded British guns were used as coastal guns in the Pacific.
The Amazon , which is in preparation for the transfer in Gravesend, was put into service on March 18 with a transfer crew of 111 men handed over from the cruiser USS San Francisco and left with the San Francisco for New York on the 27th , where it was equipped for war use.
Mission history
The New Orleans left Norfolk on May 27, 1898 , to join the squadron off Santiago de Cuba on May 30 . The following evening she cleared the port with the liners USS Massachusetts and USS Iowa , which resulted in a battle with the Spanish ships and coastal batteries. On June 6 and 16, the batteries at the port entrance were fired again. When it came to the naval battle of Santiago de Cuba on July 3, 1898 , the New Orleans was in Key West for coal .
During the summer, the New Orleans was involved in the blockade of the ports of San Juan (Puerto Rico) and Guantánamo Bay , Cuba , and on July 17th captured the French blockade breaker Olinde Rodrigues . She arrived in Philadelphia on October 20 to attend the peace celebrations. In New York she was prepared for her tasks in peacetime and first visited New Orleans from May 16 to 29, 1899 .
After the summer maneuvers on the Atlantic coast, the New Orleans left New York on October 21, 1899 for the American Asian fleet .
It ran en route to the Azores and then through the Mediterranean , Suez Canal and Indian Ocean to reach Manila on December 21st . The voyage turned into a race with the USS Brooklyn , which left on the 16th and was caught for the first time in Colombo on November 30th . For the next five years, the New Orleans was the flagship of the cruiser squadron of the Asian Fleet and was used in the Philippines and off the Chinese coast.
During the Boxer Rebellion , the United States initially held back from joining the international forces. It was not until the end of June 1900 that American units took part under the name China Relief Expedition . On August 22, 1900, the New Orleans went to Woo Sung near Shanghai to take part in the surveillance of the Chinese Yangtze River fleet , which until now had only been monitored by British units. The four Chinese cruisers and the existing destroyers and torpedo boats never intervened in the fighting. By mid-September a total of 33 warships from foreign nations had gathered in front of Shanghai and Woo Sung to protect the international branch there and at other places on the Yangtze. In addition to the New Orleans , the gunboat USS Princeton was also used there. At the end of the international intervention in China, the New Orleans was in Chefoo with the hospital ship Solance .
The increasing Russian-Japanese tensions led to a behavior of strict neutrality on the American side, so that they tried to carry out a repair of the New Orleans contracted to a Japanese company in Yokohama without a dock stay. After visiting Japan, the New Orleans crossed the Pacific to Hawaii in early December , where the entire Asiatic Fleet with the flagship USS Kentucky , the liners USS Wisconsin and USS Oregon as well as the cruisers USS Raleigh , USS Cincinnati and the New Orleans sister ship USS Albany went , misplaced. At the turn of the year the association left Honolulu again and returned via Guam to the Cavite naval base near Manila.
When the Russo-Japanese War broke out , the Commander-in-Chief of the Asian Fleet from Manila sent his cruiser squadron to Shanghai on February 15 and the New Orleans to Chefoo with the gunboats USS Wilmington and USS Annapolis . This group was withdrawn to Shanghai after a short time on political instructions. On May 15, 1904, the New Orleans ran again to Chefoo under Rear Admiral Stirling, possibly to prevent the Japanese from occupying Chinese or international properties if the Russians withdrew.
It was replaced by the USS Baltimore . On December 27, 1904, she left Cavite and reached the Mare Island Naval Shipyard on January 27, 1905 , where she was decommissioned on February 6, 1905. On the march home, they gave some of their British guns to the bases in Guam and Midway , as they were rearmamented to ten American 5 inch (12.7 cm) L / 50 guns at home.
On November 15, 1909, the New Orleans was taken back into active service and arrived on April 25, 1910 for service with the Asian fleet in Yokohama , which from September also her sister ship Albany belonged again. The New Orleans was at the beginning of renewed xenophobic unrest in China in May 1910 on the Yangtze River to Nanjing relocated where they should intervene with English, German and Japanese ships, if necessary. On September 29, 1910, she ran with her sister ship Albany , which arrived in Wusong near Shanghai on September 15, and the flagship of the Asian fleet, the armored cruiser USS New York , from Hong Kong to Cavite, where all units of the Asian fleet and parts of the army were on heightened alert . When the Chinese Revolution broke out in 1911, the New Orleans was again in front of Nanjing with a failed radio station. At the end of November 1911 she was replaced by the sister ship Albany , which served as the flagship of the commander of the Asian fleet, who wanted to get a picture of the center of the revolution. The New Orleans took over the position of the Albany in Shanghai. She remained in the Far East until the beginning of 1912 and returned to Bremerton on February 14, 1912 and was assigned to the reserve.
The New Orleans returned to active service on December 31, 1913 and, given the strained relations between the USA and Mexico , was sent to the Pacific coast in spring 1914, where warships from other nations, such as the German cruiser SMS Nürnberg , watched the Mexican Revolution . On March 13, 1914, the New Orleans was almost involved in the second skirmish between the rebel gunboat Tampico and the pro-government gunboats Guerrero and Morelos in Topolobampo when the Tampico attacked the government boats . At 31, the handle Tampico again in Topolobampo near the New Orleans lying Guerrero on. This time the Guerrero managed to sink the Tampico , it was itself damaged and had three wounded. The rebels succeeded in lifting the Tampico , which had sunk in shallow water, in early June. On June 16, there was another skirmish between the Tampico and the Guerrero under the eyes of the American Pacific Fleet , with the flagship USS California under Rear Admiral Thomas B. Howard , the New Orleans , and the destroyers USS Preble and USS Perry on site and monitored the movements of the Tampico . This time the Guerrero managed to sink the enemy into deep water.
In the summer, the Washington State militia trained on the New Orleans before returning to Mexican waters in the fall, where the sister ship Albany was also on duty. When the United States entered World War I , the cruiser was in the Puget Sound naval yard for overhaul and then moved through the Panama Canal to the east coast, where it arrived at Hampton Roads on August 27, 1917 .
The New Orleans then accompanied in the 6th Division (sister ship Albany , USS Tacoma , USS Chattanooga ) of the 2nd Cruiser Squadron convoys from New York across the Atlantic until they met with destroyer escort groups off the British Isles or France. On January 16, 1918, she left New York to go back to Asia.
It reached Yokohama on March 13, 1918 via the Panama Canal and Honolulu and patrolled between China and the Philippines. From July 17, 1919 to December 20, 1919 she was a station ship in Vladivostok , and supported the Allied intervention in Siberia . After repairs in Cavite, the New Orleans returned to Vladivostok on May 20, 1920, where it remained until September 27, 1920, when it took over normal station service in China or the Philippines. Briefly classified as PG-34, she was finally classified as a light cruiser CL-22 on August 8, 1921 . From February 14 to August 17, 1922, she was used again in Vladivostok.
Final fate
On September 23, she arrived at the naval shipyard in Mare Island, where she was decommissioned on November 16, 1922. On November 13, 1929, the USS New Orleans (CL-22) was removed from the fleet list and sold for demolition on February 11, 1930, together with the sister ship Albany .
Individual evidence
- ↑ 6 "/ 50 (15.2 cm) Mark 5 (Armstrong)
- ↑ 4.7 "/ 50 (12 cm) Mark 3 Armstrong
- ↑ 5 "/ 50 (12.7 cm) Mark 5 and Mark 6
- ^ To watch Chinese warships NYT, August 19, 1900
- ^ War now less probable NYT, October 14, 1903
- ^ Asiatic Squadron cruise New York Times, November 22, 1903
- ↑ Our cruiser at Chefoo NYT, May 16, 1904
- ↑ NAVAL GUNS ON GUAM .; Old Armament of Cruiser New Orleans wants to protect Islands NYT, January 3, 1905
- ^ Location in Nanjing NYT, June 4, 1910
- ^ Our forces ready for Chinese rising NYT, September 30, 1910
- ↑ relieved by the Cruiser Albany NYT, September 22, 1911
literature
- Peter Brooke: Warships for Export: Armstrong Warships 1867-1927. World Ship Society, Gravesend 1999, ISBN 0-905617-89-4 .
- Roger Chesneau, Eugène M. Koleśnik, NJM Campbell: Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860-1905. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Md. 1979, ISBN 0-85177-133-5 .
